花色内酯豆腐的研制

以胡萝卜、烘烤花生和大豆为主要原料,研制花色内酯豆腐,通过正交实验筛选出花色内酯豆腐的最佳工艺参数,即大豆:花生=3:1(质量比)、葡萄糖酸内酯(GDL)添加量0.30%、凝固温度80℃、凝固时间35min.利用该法生产的豆腐具有色泽均匀,香气浓郁,营养丰富等特点.     

大豆花生豆腐的研究

介绍了以大豆、花生、青豆为原料生产不同风味豆腐的制作工艺、操作要点及开发前景,产品最佳配方为:黄豆45%、花生40%、青豆15%,天然防腐剂0.2%、加水量1.5倍.     

枸杞豆腐保健食品的工艺研究

以大豆和枸杞为主要原料制作枸杞豆腐具有很高的营养、保健价值.确定了枸杞豆腐的最佳工艺参数为:枸杞汁添加量20%,豆浆浓度为20%,葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯(GDL)添加量为0.25%,此工艺下制得的枸杞豆腐呈淡橙红色,具有纯正的豆香味及枸杞特有的风味.     

蔬菜豆腐加工工艺研究

以大豆和芹菜为主要原料制作蔬菜豆腐具有很高的营养、保健价值。确定了蔬菜豆腐的最佳工艺参数为:芹菜汁添加量15%,豆浆浓度为25%,GDL添加量为0.35%,此工艺下制得的蔬菜豆腐呈浅绿色,具有纯正的豆香味及芹菜特有的风味。     

营养豆腐款款新

复水豆腐:这种豆腐加入了槐豆胶、鹿角胶等天然食用胶,切块后干燥冻结,食用前加水即能复原。 维生素强化豆腐:大豆中含有复合维生素B,在制豆腐过程中易于流失。适量加入维生素B_1、B_2,便可制成维生素强化豆腐。 花生豆腐:将生花生在液氨中浸泡几分钟,然后粉粹成末,与马铃薯淀粉配合,加水冷却凝固,即成为花生豆腐。     

千页豆腐质量影响因素及其工艺条件的研究

主要研究了千页豆腐的质量影响因素及工艺条件。研究发现大豆分离蛋白的功能性质对千页豆腐的质量影响较大,综合质构数据和感官分析结果,当大豆分离蛋白的冷凝胶弹性大于0.55时适合制作千页豆腐,千页豆腐的弹性可大于0.725。通过正交试验,确定千页豆腐最佳工艺条件为:TG酶量与大豆分离蛋白质量比值,即E︰S为0.3%,色拉油与大豆分离蛋白质量比为3︰5,大豆分离蛋白与水质量比为1︰5,蒸煮温度为90℃,在此条件下制作的千页豆腐弹性可达0.962。     

烘烤花生内酯豆腐的研制

以烘烤花生和大豆为原料,葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯(GDL)为凝胶剂,研制出花生内酯豆腐。在确定了烘烤温度、时间、GDL添加量的基础上,以凝胶强度为指标,通过正交实验,确定其最佳工艺参数,研制出具有烘烤花生香味又保持大豆特有的豆香味且营养丰富的烘烤花生内酯豆腐。     

不同储存期大豆提取的大豆分离蛋白对千页豆腐的影响

研究不同储存期大豆提取的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)对千页豆腐的硬度、弹性和色值的影响。结果表明:品质最好的千页豆腐所用SPI的大豆的最佳储存期为9～18个月;在大豆最佳储存期提取的SPI生产的千页豆腐与刚收获的大豆相比,硬度提高了26. 9%～39. 4%,弹性提高了5. 5%～7. 8%,L值降低1. 6%～3. 6%,b值升高5. 3%～12. 8%;大豆储存期超过18个月后,整体趋势看,千页豆腐的硬度和弹性开始降低,口感变差,L值降低不明显,但b值升高明显,造成千页豆腐外观明显偏黄,卖相变差;同时受季节影响较大,特别是夏季储存的大豆制作的千页豆腐品质较差。     

茼蒿花生酸浆豆腐的制作工艺研究

试验以大豆、花生、茼蒿为原材料,以发酵型白醋为凝固剂,研究了凝固剂添加量、花生添加量、凝固温度等因素对苘蒿花生酸浆豆腐品质的影响.通过正交试验,优化了茼蒿花生豆腐的制作工艺.结果 表明,各因素对茼蒿花生豆腐的影响程度由大到小依次是凝固剂添加量＞花生添加量＞凝固温度＞茼蒿汁添加量.茼蒿花生豆腐的最佳工艺参数为:花生添加量...     

非大豆豆腐的加工技术

非大豆豆腐的加工技术成训妍目前，市场上出售和人们食用的豆腐，一般是大豆豆腐。其实，用非大豆原料大米、花生和魔芋等，也可加工成大米豆腐、花生豆腐和魔芋豆腐等。●大米豆腐●用大米加工豆腐，每公斤大米可出豆腐６—７公斤。其加工技术为：１．备料。原料主要是大...     

食用植物油煎炸过程中的品质变化北大核心CSCD

利用花生油、大豆油、调和油、棕榈油4种食用植物油作为煎炸油对豆腐、裹粉鸡柳、油条3种食材进行煎炸,研究煎炸时间对煎炸油极性组分含量及羰基值的影响,确定煎炸油时间预警点,同时研究了不同煎炸油品种、不同食材对煎炸油极性组分含量的影响。结果表明:极性组分含量、羰基值均与煎炸时间呈正相关(r_(极性组分)=0.809,r_(羰基值)=0.859,P=0.000);煎炸6~11 h煎炸油极性组分含量均值从初始的11.85%增至20.96%,最大值为34.10%,可作为煎炸油质量不达标的时间预警点;煎炸12 h,极性组分含量从低到高依次为花生油、棕榈油、调和油、大豆油,含量分别为21.1%、24.1%、26.8%、27.8%,豆腐、裹粉鸡柳、油条煎炸油中极性组分含量分别为17.7%、25.0%、32.2%;煎炸18 h,极性组分含量增大程度由低到高为棕榈油/调和油、大豆油、花生油,煎炸食材用油为豆腐煎炸油、裹粉鸡柳煎炸油、油条煎炸油。     

灭菌型花生豆腐商品化生产工艺

以花生为主要原料研究花生豆腐商品的生产工艺。重点研究高酰基结冷胶(high acyl,HA)/低酰基结冷胶(low acyl,LA)、乙酸钙、卡拉胶、单甘酯和煮浆温度对花生浆液凝胶形成和凝胶特性的影响。单因素试验结果表明,质量分数0.05%和0.1%的乙酸钙分别与HA或卡拉胶配合对胶凝作用影响不明显;而与质量分数0.2%～0.3%以上的LA配合时对凝胶形成和凝胶性质改进明显有利;由正交试验可知,HA/LA复配物、乙酸钙对凝胶体的强度,耐热性、耐沸腾冲击性有显著影响,最佳胶凝工艺条件为0.1%乙酸钙、0.2% LA、0.2% HA、0.1%卡拉胶、0.1%单甘酯,85℃煮浆50min;确定商品化生产工艺为：制备优质花生浆液,经乳化、均质,按最佳胶凝工艺条件加入胶凝剂,升温至85℃后加入乙酸钙,恒温至50min冷却、包装密封、100℃二次灭菌、冷却。所得花生豆腐产品感官品质和质构特性优异,常温下货架期为2d。     

Rapid Method for Determining Optimum Coagulant Concentration in Tofu Manufacture

Four methods of determining optimum coagulation levels in tofu manufacture were compared. Full-fat soyflakes were used to produce 5% solids soymilk. Each soymilk batch was coagulated with calcium sulfate dihydrate (0.000–0.0450 N). Electrical conductance of the coagulating batches was recorded at 72°C and 21°C. Coagulated batches were pressed to make tofu and whey volume, pH, transmittance (400 nm) and tofu composition were measured. Whey transmittance and conductance correlated with coagulant concentration (r=0.87). Tofu yield, conductivity, and absorbance data were also related. Measuring the conductance of the coagulating soymilk was faster than obtaining pH and spectrophotometric values. Conductivity and transmittance could be used to optimize tofu coagulation.     

Microbiological survey of tofu sold in a rural Illinois county.

The purpose of this study was to determine the microbial status of tofu sold in a rural Illinois county and assess the factors contributing to the safety of tofu. Six brands of tofu from eight different stores (60 total samples) were purchased and analyzed for temperature, pH, total aerobic bacteria, and the presence of coliforms. Relationships between age, temperature, pH of tofu, and total aerobic bacteria were tested. An analysis of variance was also performed to test for differences in total bacterial counts among the brands. Mean aerobic bacterial counts ranged from 0 to 7.76 x 10(7) CFU/g. Fifty-five percent of the tofu tested fell within the excellent range for freshness as delineated by the standards developed by the Soyfoods Association of North America, 6.7% fell within the acceptable range, 6.7% within the marginal range, and 28% within the unacceptable range. Sixteen percent of the samples contained coliform bacteria. No significant correlation was found between variables, except pH with total aerobic bacterial counts (r = -0.51) and pH with eosin-methylene blue agar counts (r = -0.67). Most of the tofu was displayed at unsafe temperatures (>5 degrees C) for potentially hazardous foods. This study confirmed the concerns regarding safety of tofu sold in the grocery stores. Based on these results, special training on tofu storage and handling is recommended for grocery stores selling this food product.     

Effect of Trisodium Citrate Concentration and Soy Cheese on Meltability of Pizza Cheese

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soy cheese (tofu) and trisodium citrate (TSC) concentration on physicochemical properties of pizza cheese. The results indicated that fat and FDM contents of pizza cheese increased significantly with increased proportion of TSC, while moisture and protein decreased but not significantly (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the fat, FDM, and protein content decreased with increased proportion of tofu, while moisture increased. The melting area and melting degree indicated that melting properties of pizza cheese decreased significantly, as the concentration of TSC increased. Furthermore, increase approximately 5 and 10% tofu in the blends with 0.5% TSC or 10% tofu in the blends with 1% TSC affected notable decrease in melting properties. Among each level of tofu, oiling off area showed significant increase with increasing TSC. Increase in tofu proportion as well as different TSC concentration resulted in decrease in free oil. The control cheese with 1% TSC (CC2C) had maximum oiling off, and with increase in tofu proportion there was a corresponding reduction (P < 0.05) in the oiling off area. It was observed that increase approximately 10% tofu in the blends with 0.5% TSC cause marked reduction in oiling off area by approximately 47%. There was rapid increase in oiling off area during the early stage of cooking. According to observation, free oil formation of cheese with 1% TSC (C2C) was higher than that of the cheese with 0.5% TSC (C1C), especially during 2.5 to 10 min (P > 0.05). Oiling off area of treatments decreased independently of trisodium citrate prolong cooking as the proportion of tofu increased.     

The viscoelastic properties of soybean curd (tofu) as affected by soymilk concentration and type of coagulant

The viscoelastic properties of different types of tofu were investigated. Soymilk concentrations were 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9%. Coagulants used were 30 mm CaSO₄ or 30 mm glucono‐delta‐lactone (GDL). As the concentration of soymilk was increased viscosity and handling difficulties increased. A high concentration of soymilk in tofu gave a high break stress and produced hard tofu. The four‐element Burgers model fitted the creep behaviour and both viscous and elastic parameters could be acquired from model analysis, reflecting changes in elasticity and viscosity of tofu. The constant viscous parameter in the model increased with increasing soymilk concentration. The viscous parameters of viscoelastic materials like tofu gel, obtained from small deformation tests, seemed to correlate, to some extent, with the break stress obtained from large deformation tests. For hard tofu production increasing the soymilk concentration within a certain range and the partial replacement of calcium sulphate coagulant by GDL could be effective options.     

灰培豆腐的研制

以豆腐和草木灰为主要原料,经过灰培、卤制和炒制等工艺制备灰培豆腐,通过单因素和正交实验确定灰培豆腐的最佳配方工艺.结果表明,灰培豆腐的最佳配方工艺为:灰培时间6 d,每1000 mL高汤中添加盐2.2％、辣椒粉0.6％、酱油2％、白糖1％、黑胡椒0.04％、味精0.5％、五香粉0.2％,制备的灰培豆腐呈浅酱色、质地柔软...     

Quality and Antioxidative Activity of Black Soybean Tofu as Affected by Bean Cultivar

ABSTRACT: Two black soybeans, green-cotyledon (T3) and yellow-cotyledon (T5), were compared for possible tofu manufacturing. The tofu made by T5 black soybean has a higher yield, a higher protein content, and a harder, smoother, and lighter surface. The antioxidative activity in the T5 black soybean tofu was similar to the T3 black soybean tofu. The T5 black soybean should be a better cultivar for tofu processing than the T3 black soybean.     

DRY TOFU CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTED BY SOYMILK SOLID CONTENT AND COAGULATION TIME1

The effects of soymilk solid content (°Brix) and coagulation time on the yield, proximate composition, and textural characteristics of dry tofu were investigated. Soymilk °Brix significantly (p < 0.05) influenced tofu yield, fracturability, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. Among soymilk °Brix of 7.1, 7.8, 8.4, and 9.2 tested, °Brix 9.2 (9:1 water/bean ratio) produced the lowest yield (201g/100g bean), but the highest fracturability, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness. Coagulation time for 5 min resulted in a significantly lower tofu yield but higher cohesiveness than coagulation for 15 min. The fracturability and hardness of tofu from 9.2 °Brix soymilk coagulated for 5 min were greatest (18.0 and 19.6 kg, respectively). Lower soymilk °Brix and longer coagulation time produced tofu with a significantly higher moisture content. Dry tofu contained approximately 75–78% moisture (wet basis), 55–58% protein (dry basis), and 20–23% fat (dry basis).     

食用胶联合超声对鸡血豆腐凝胶物化性质、流变特性和体外消化率的影响

为研究复配食用胶联合超声处理对鸡血豆腐凝胶物化性质、流变特性及体外消化率的影响,结合前期实验结果,本实验选择瓜尔豆胶-阿拉伯胶(复配质量比3∶7)和瓜尔豆胶-魔芋胶(复配质量比5∶5)两种复配胶联合超声处理鸡血豆腐凝胶,并以产品出品率、粒径、Zeta电位、二级结构、凝胶流变性和体外消化率等为指标评价其品质.结果表明,添...