CPLD在骨干路由器中的应用

重点介绍了用ALTERA公司最新CPLD器件APEX20K系列的EP20K400BC652实现骨干路由器中的转发引擎功能,并比较了单片CPLD实现方案和多片CPLD实现方案的利弊.     

PLD和开发工具

用于百万门可编程逻辑器件设计的开发工具 Altera推出Quartus 1999.06版开发系统,可用于APEX EP20K1000E的设计。APEX EP20K1000E包含38,400个逻辑单元,可用逻辑门达一百万。Quartus提供先进的编译功能及验证环境,并可与第三方的EDA工具配合使用。在逻辑门为1,000至25,000的80多个用户项目中使用该开发工具,编译时间平均不到1小时(用200Hz PentiumⅡ电脑)。电话:(852)2487 2030,传真:(852)2487 2620     

可编程单芯片系统APEX 20系列

APEX 20系列将该公司原有系列产品ELEX 10K和FLEX 6000器件的查找表(look-up table-LUT)逻辑、MAX 7000器件的乘积项(product term)逻辑和FLEX 10K器件的增强型嵌入式存储块集成在一起,三种结构融进一个单独的芯之内,从而节省了板上空间,简化了设计过程。该系列集成密度突破百万门,支持64位/66MHz PCI标准。前所未有的高集成度可大大     

PLD及开发工具

新一代嵌入式可编程逻辑器件系列APEX 20k Altera公司的APEX 20k是一种新型的可编程单芯片系统级设计方案的产品系列,该产品系列成功地集成了乘积项,查询表逻辑及内存。整个复杂的系统集成于一片可编程芯片内,器件密度达到百万门级,系统性能可支持64位/66MHz PCI。APEX 20k得到了Altera第四代开发环境Quartus的完全支持,结合配套的智能核心,为设计院人员提     

基于APEX20KE系列FPGA的超长M序列限幅脉冲压缩实现

首先介绍了高占空比、长M序列搜索雷达信号处理中超长M序列脉冲限幅压缩的实现及其特点以及APEX20KE系列FPGA的特点，指出实现超长M序列实时脉冲压缩的困难，在此基础上介绍一种以ALTERA的APEX20KE系列FPGA为处理器的超长M序列实时脉冲压缩算法的实现。     

可编程逻辑器件实现FIR

文章描述了采用系统级的可编程逻辑器件APEX2 0K完成各种DSP场合较为通用的FIR结构的实现 ,可用于完成数字的相关、卷积、滤波的数字运算。并通过了实验得以验证。     

IEEE802.11a OFDM基带调制器的FPGA实现

IEEE802.11a标准因为其物理层采用的OFDM(正交频分复用)调制技术具有频带利用率高、抗多径和窄带干扰能力强等特点而被视作下一代高速宽带无线局域网的标准。本文根据802.11a协议,在宽带OFDM传输系统的硬件平台上采用FPGA技术,用ALTERA公司的APEX20KC系列EP20K600CB652C8芯片实现OFDM基带调制器。该宽带OFDM传输系统支持自适应编码调制和无线环境下数据的突发传输模式。     

基于正交频分复用调制的低压电力线高速数据通信

文章首先介绍了低压电力线用于数据传输的接入方式和信道特性 ,然后在分析了正交频分复用原理的基础上 ,提出采用Altera公司的APEX2 0K系列可编程逻辑器件的正交频分复用基带硬件解决方案 ,并用matlab模拟信道特性对结果进行了分析。     

长虹被骗40亿货款

事件回放：2001年起，长虹与当时在美国市场有一定影响力的APEX公司接上了头，这家公司的掌门人是季龙粉。但从2001年7月开始，一车车的长虹彩电便源源不断地发向美国，由APEX公司在美国直接提货。2002年，长虹的出口额达7．6亿美元，其中APEX就占了近7亿美元；2003年长虹出口额达8亿美元左右，APEX占6亿美元。而从2000年长虹开始出口到现在，其总的出121额也就24亿多美元，     

基于APEX方法的改进图像复原算法

在湍流退化图像复原研究中,提出了一种基于APEX方法的改进图像复原算法.该算法采用APEX方法的基本原理,结合真实湍流退化图像的频谱信息特征, 对APEX方法中点扩展函数的估计过程进行了相应的改进,采用多方向的综合估计代替原有一次性估计,从而减少了点扩展函数的估计误差,增加了APEX方法的稳定性.对改进算法和原有算法进行了对比性实验研究,其结果表明,该算法对湍流退化图像的复原较原有算法在稳定性上有一定的提高,减少了随机噪声对图像复原的影响.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks