半导体基纳米复合材料光催化研究进展

综述了半导体多相光催化的基本原理、半导体基纳米复合材料的基本结构、制备方法及复合材料在光电化学方面对材料性能的影响.着重强调了半导体基纳米复合材料与单一的半导体材料相比光催化性能的提高,并对半导体基纳米复合材料在光催化领域的研究和应用提出了一些展望.     

科学家发明无干扰测量纳米材料张力新方法

德国和西班牙两国科研小组合作,利用红外线纳米近场显微镜发明了一种无干扰检测纳米半导体材料张力的新方法,这一新方法为科学家研究半导体材料的物理性能,以及测量纳米级半导体元器件的性能提供了新的可能。     

纳米电缆的研究进展

纳米电缆主要包括内芯-外壳,分为半导体-绝缘体、金属-绝缘体、半导体-半导体3类.着重介绍了半导体-绝缘体纳米电缆的研究进展,并指出了目前纳米电缆研究中存在的问题,展望了未来发展方向.     

半导体纳米微粒/聚苯胺复合材料的制备和性能研究

简述了近年来新发展的几种半导体纳米微粒/聚苯胺复合材料的构建方法,总结了半导体纳米微粒/聚苯胺复合材料性能表征的部分工作,讨论了半导体纳米微粒的尺寸大小、粒度分布及复合材料的光学和光电化学性能研究等.     

纳米半导体颗粒膜的研究现状

介绍了纳米半导体颗粒膜的制备方法及研究现状,提出了纳米半导体颗粒膜研究的问题和今后的发展方向.     

核壳型复合半导体纳米粒子的研究

核壳型复合半导体纳米粒子,作为复合半导体纳米粒子材料的一个重要分支,凭借其优异的性质,受到了广泛关注.本文主要介绍了有机/无机和无机/无机核壳型复合半导体纳米微粒及其光学性质、分类、制备方法和应用.并对其发展做了展望.     

光电子领域中的纳米半导体材料

近年来，纳米半导体材料特别是纳米硅在光电子领域中的研究已经越来越引起人们的注意，由于纳米半导体材料的量子限域效应，尺寸效应等影响使得它们在光电转移，电子器件等方面有着优异的性能，必将在未来的微电子以及纳米电子发展中发挥令人鼓舞的作用，详细介绍了纳米半导体材料在光电子领域中的发展历史，研究情况以及存在的问题等。     

纳米带

纳米带是一种用人工科学方法合成的半导体氧化物纳米带状结构。半导体氧化物是功能和智能材料的基础,它们是制造功能元件的必需材料。半导体氧化物在透明导体、平板显示、气相和液相传感和敏感器、智能玻璃等领域有重要的应用前景。“纳米带” 的横截面是一个窄矩型结构,带宽为30至300纳米,厚5至10     

高精度扫描隧道显微镜对纳米碳酸钙特性的研究

用高精度IPC-205B型扫描隧道显微镜测得纳米碳酸钙的扫描隧道谱。该隧道谱表明,纳米碳酸钙具有半导体性质,与普通碳酸钙相比,其导电性能有了明显改善。由纳米碳酸钙隧道谱得出纳米碳酸钙的禁带宽度为0．4eV,比半导体硅的禁带宽度1.1eV的低。     

纳米TiO2二元复合半导体材料的研究进展

从纳米TiO2的能带结构上分析了TiO2二元复合半导体的修饰机制,综述了不同TiO2复合半导体的性能,发现复合后的纳米TiO2半导体调节了TiO2的带隙和光谱吸收范围,增加了粒子的光稳定性,明显提高了其光催化活性.最后阐述了纳米TiO2二元复合半导体材料光催化技术面临的问题及研究方向.     

玉米醇溶蛋白–香芹酚纳米颗粒的制备及其性能研究

目的 利用天然抗菌剂来保护食品品质和延长食品的货架期。方法 研究利用玉米醇溶蛋白自组装的特性包覆香芹酚植物精油,然后用酪蛋白酸钠作为稳定剂来制备载香芹酚复合纳米粒子。结果 玉米醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒对香芹酚具有良好的包封率(71.52%～80.09%)。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示香芹酚复合纳米粒子分布均匀,呈球形,粒径为80～220 nm。同时,包覆香芹酚的纳米粒子具有良好的复溶性、储存稳定性和抗氧化性能,并且对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌表现出良好的抗菌性能。结论 将该复合纳米颗粒应用于食品包装中,可有效地提高食品的抗氧化特性和抗菌性,抑制食品腐败变质、延长食品货架期,在食品工业中具有潜在的应用前景。     

Design and synthesis of polymetallic nanoparticles and their catalytic applications

High-temperature hydrogen reduction reactions enable the synthesis and processing of binary metal oxide composite nanoparticles starting from titanium, ruthenium, and silicon, while the use of a surface modifier and an organic surfactant enables the synthesis of catalytic thin films from binary semiconductor oxides. Surface characterization by XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM, Raman spectroscopy, and BET measurements indicate that the incorporation of binary oxide particles into the semiconductor materials altered the surface properties and morphology of the nanoparticles while the surface modifier and organic surfactant loading can be experimentally adjusted to obtain thin films of varying morphological characteristics.     

Ag-BaO复合薄膜光吸收谱中的双峰结构

经超额Ba激活的Ag-BaO复合薄膜光吸收谱显示,该薄膜样品在可见-近红外光波段存在2个吸收峰.理论分析表明,位于可见光区的主吸收峰源于埋藏在BaO半导体中的Ag纳米粒子的表面等离子激元共振吸收;而位于近红外光区的次吸收峰则是由BaO半导体基质中杂质能级的光吸收引起的.杂质能级的产生与超额Ba在BaO晶体中造成的氧缺位有关.     

磁载核壳型TiO_2复合光催化剂的研究进展

TiO2是一种高效的光催化剂,为解决TiO2纳米颗粒从悬浮体系中分离回收难的问题,可将其包覆于磁性微球之外,借助于磁场的作用实现快速有效分离。简要介绍了磁载核壳型TiO2复合光催化剂的基本概念、分类及制备方法。根据磁载复合光催化剂的核壳之间是否包覆结合层,将其分为直接包覆磁载TiO2光催化剂和非直接包覆磁载TiO2光催化剂。磁载TiO2复合光催化剂的制备方法有溶胶-凝胶法、均匀沉淀法、微乳液法、原位生长法以及微波水热法等。还介绍了磁载核壳型TiO2复合光催化剂在水处理方面的应用,并且对其未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

Optical properties and potential applications of doped semiconductor nanoparticles

Recent studies on the optical properties, in particular, luminescence, of a variety of doped semiconductor nanoparticles are reviewed. The effects of quantum confinement, temperature and pressure on luminescent properties are discussed. In addition, electroluminescence, cathodoluminescence, magnetoluminescence and related applications involving doped semiconductor nanoparticles are presented. A new phenomenon, upconversion luminescence of doped nanoparticles, is reviewed and its potential applications are discussed. While more research efforts are necessary in order to fully understand the fundamentals and explore the great technological potential behind doped nanoparticles, recent results already show that this is a new and exciting field with applications in many areas. In particular, the emerging field of "spintronics", where spin states are exploited in analogy to conventional electronic states, is discussed and the advantages of using doped semiconductor nanoparticles are elucidated.     

Highly Efficient Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol by a p–n Heterojunction CeO2/CuO/Cu Catalyst

Photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to fuels has great potential for reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions and also lessening our dependence on fossil fuel energy.Herein,we report the successful development of a novel photoelectrocatalytic catalyst for the selective reduction of CO2 to methanol,comprising a copper catalyst modified with flower-like cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO2 NPs)(a n-type semiconductor)and copper oxide nanoparticles(CuO NPs)(a p-type semiconductor).At an applied potential of−1.0 V(vs SCE)under visible light irradiation,the CeO2 NPs/CuO NPs/Cu catalyst yielded methanol at a rate of 3.44μmol cm^−2 h^−1,which was approximately five times higher than that of a CuO NPs/Cu catalyst(0.67μmol cm^−2 h^−1).The carrier concentration increased by^108 times when the flower-like CeO2 NPs were deposited on the CuO NPs/Cu catalyst,due to synergistic transfer of photoexcited electrons from the conduction band of CuO to that of CeO2,which enhanced both photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction on the CeO2 NPs.The facile migration of photoexcited electrons and holes across the p–n heterojunction that formed between the CeO2 and CuO components was thus critical to excellent light-induced CO2 reduction properties of the CeO2 NPs/CuO NPs/Cu catalyst.Results encourage the wider application of composite semiconductor electrodes in carbon dioxide reduction.     

Size-controlled synthesis and optical properties of doped nanoparticles prepared by soft solution processing

In this review, we outline the synthesis and luminescence properties of metal-ion-incorporated doped nanoparticles and surface-passivated doped nanoparticles. The synthetic routes we describe are limited to those involving soft solution processing. The doping effects are discussed in this review on the semiconductor nanoparticles confining the size range near to the 'quantum dot size.' The effects on luminescence with respect to ionic valance of dopants and the luminescence phenomena on mismatching of ionic radii between the host-guest are also provided. In addition, we discuss the role of passivated organic surfactants and the necessity of surface passivation of doped or undoped nanoparticles with other semiconductor materials that possess larger band gaps. Biocompatible semiconductor nanoparticles and some of their applications are also mentioned briefly.     

一种新颖的硅量子点-金复合纳米粒子的制备和表征

利用电化学刻蚀法制备的硅量子点的还原特性,通过调整硅量子点与氯金酸的量的比例,可控合成了包含有不同尺寸金纳米颗粒的复合纳米粒子,并通过实验证明了硅量子点与金纳米颗粒的结合。在电化学刻蚀制备硅量子点的同时,通过微波辅助法可以迅速地在硅量子点表面有效地修饰上一部分羧基、羟基或者烷基链,从而间接预先对这种复合纳米粒子进行修饰。这种新型的纳米复合材料具有硅量子点的荧光性质的同时,还具有各种尺寸纳米金的光学性质,具有广阔的应用前景和研究价值。     

木质素基金属纳米粒子复合材料的制备及其应用研究进展

木质素是一种最丰富的芳香族天然高分子生物质资源,木质素纳米粒子既具有木质素原本特点,还具有纳米材料的纳米效应等特性,在众多功能材料领域具有很大的潜在应用价值,特别是作为绿色还原剂直接还原金属离子生成木质素基金属纳米粒子复合材料,被广泛应用于催化领域等。本文综述了木质素纳米粒子的制备及其在金属离子还原和金属纳米粒子负载的研究进展,重点综述了木质素基金属纳米粒子复合材料在不同应用领域的研究进展,最后总结并展望了木质素在金属纳米粒子复合材料制备和应用中面临的机遇和挑战。