振动传递路径的功率流传递度灵敏度分析

摘 要：基于振动的功率流理论和一般概率摄动法,研究振动传递路径的功率流传递概率的度量问题,提出了频域内振动传递路径系统的路径功率流传递度的新概念和方法。在考虑工程中的不确定因素以后,在频域内清晰地描述了振动传递路径系统的路径功率流传递度。研究功率流传递度对这些不确定因素的敏感程度,估计参数变化的效果,从而指导系统结构的优化。     

斜置隔振系统功率流传递特性

针对工程中常见的复杂柔性耦合隔振系统,本文对隔振器斜置的情况进行了研究.在充分考虑基础结构的柔性、各支承间的耦合作用的前提下,分析了机器设备-隔振器-柔性基础这一振动隔离系统的动态特性,推导了系统功率流传递表达式,并且结合工程实际对斜置隔振系统的理论模型进行了具体的数值计算,绘制了功率流传递曲线,着重分析了隔振器倾斜角度的变化对输入到基础梁功率流的影响.     

机器—基础动力耦合系统最优控制器设计与性能仿真

针对柔性基础上马达和仪器的主动隔振问题，建立了刚性机器-柔性基础动力耦合系统的状态空间方程。利用线性二次调节器理论，对耦合系统的振动功率流传递进行了最优控制。并对系统的瞬态响应与状态观测器构造等问题进行了研究。     

一类复杂系统的功率流传递特性及其主动控制

综合考虑工程实际中多激励,多支承机组的柔性安装问题,建立了主被动复杂柔性隔振系统的统一动力学模型,将导纳方法推广到主动隔振分析中,采用了子结构导纳综合法对弹性板基础上主动隔振系统的传递功率流进行了分析,并从插入损失的观点探讨了功率流的主动控制策略,揭示了含有主动作动元件的柔性耦合系统的功率流传递机理。     

基于振动功率流的船艉传递路径分析

根据模态分析理论和功率流理论,分别从振动模态和能量的角度,对艉部系统的传递路径进行理论推导和数值分析。研究发现,螺旋桨处横向激励时船艉的三处传递路径中,在低频段,尾端支撑为主要的传递路径;在中频段,推力轴承基座处为主要的传递路径。     

基于诺顿等效系统功率流计算的多维振动传递特性研究

结构振动传递的实质是振动能量的传递过程。功率流方法从能量的角度揭示振动传递的机理，在结构振动控制领域的作用日益突出。采用基于诺顿等效系统的方法计算功率流，具有便于与有限元分析和实验测量相结合的优点，为评价复杂实际结构的振动特性提供一条有效途径。应用该方法对一隔振系统的多维振动传递特性进行研究，通过分析多维振动形式各自传递的振动功率流，发现接受结构的柔性是振动传递的主要影响因素之一。对接受结构分别采用增加板厚和加筋两种方式进行改进，加筋方式取得了更好的减振效果，并且有利于结构的轻量化。     

复杂耦合隔振系统的实用解研究

针对工程实际中的复杂柔性耦合系统 ,本文对建立在柔性基础 弹性浮筏上的隔振系统应用子系统导纳法进行分析 ,推导了耦合系统动态功率流传递计算公式。在研究中 ,将浮筏和基础的基频与被隔振机组固有频率之比作为特性参数 ,对系统在不同频率比下的传递特性进行了计算研究 ;针对计算结果 ,分析了浮筏的弹性和基础的柔性对耦合系统的传递功率流的影响 ,给出了可以将基础或浮筏当作刚体来处理的弹性变化范围。     

多源激励下浮筏隔振系统导纳功率流研究

建立了浮筏隔振系统的振子力学统计分析模型，使用导纳功率流的方法研究了隔振系统的振动响应和振动功率流特性，并通过数值方法分析了筏体和隔振器参数变化对传递到基础结构功率流的影响。分析结果表明：增大基础厚度、减小系统中耦合元件的耦合刚度和增大筏体质量可以有效控制系统的传递功率流。     

轴-板耦合系统振动主动控制

在推进轴系中,轴系横向振动通过轴承传递至壳体结构并诱导其产生声辐射。为降低壳体声辐射,采用主动作动器抑制轴系横向振动传递。不失一般性,基于哈密顿原理建立轴-板耦合系统动力学模型,对该系统进行功率流分析,识别振动传递主要路径。通过数值仿真,计算该系统的干扰通道和控制通道频响函数,研究该控制方案可行性。采用自适应控制算法,计算主动作动器对板振动抑制效果。仿真结果表明,控制后轴通过轴承向板流入的功率减小,轴-板耦合系统中的功率流方向改变,并且板振动通过主动控制被有效抑制。     

功能梯度耦合梁的能量辐射传递模型

研究的目的是将能量辐射传递方法(RETM)拓展应用于功能梯度材料(FGM)耦合梁的高频振动响应分析。在RETM理论中，FGM耦合梁的振动响应由能量密度和功率流强度表示，振动波场由激励点实源产生的直接场与边界虚源产生的反射场叠加而成。由FGM梁微元的能量平衡推导了能量密度及功率流强度的核函数，利用耦合处的力平衡以及位移连续性推导了能量传递系数，根据边界功率流平衡确定了边界虚源强度。数值算例计算结果与波传播分析方法(WPA)的解析解进行对比，验证了所建立模型的正确性。最后，分析了梯度指数n对FGM耦合梁能量传递系数以及高频振动响应的影响，发现n的影响主要集中在n 0～1。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...