煤层气的集输技术研究

本文对山西省临汾市乡宁县的煤层气的集输技术进行理论研究。针对煤层气的形成过程及其本身特点和乡宁县的复杂地势特点,深层次地研究煤层气的集输技术及其如今存在的技术缺陷。本文主要研究适应我国山西省临汾市乡宁县的地面集输技术体系。     

煤层气田地面工程标准化建设综述

煤层气田标准化建设技术主要应用于煤层气田单井井场、丛式井场、集气阀组及集气增压站工程的建设实施,它不仅是一种设计模式的改变,也是一种建设方式的创新与简化。其主要是对单井井场、丛式井场、集气阀组、集气增压站的工艺流程和平面布置进行标准化设计,并在达到同样功能要求的基础上进行优化和简化,根据不同场所不同功能区块进行分解,实现工程建设的标准化作业,从而缩短了建设工期,提高了施工质量,降低了安全风险,实现了煤层气田地面工程建设周期内的标准化管理,提高了煤层气田地面工程建设技术经济效益。     

压缩机厂房（棚）的设计及施工

压缩机在天然气及煤层气等集输系统中起到增压的作用，广泛应用于各天然气田和煤层气田的集气增压站、集中处理厂和长输管道的增压站。随着我国油气田站场标准化的实施，压缩机厂房（棚）的设计及施工根据工艺流程和使用环境也逐渐形成了一套标准要求。     

煤层气脱水工艺选择分析与探讨

煤层气集输处理以增压和脱水为主,脱水工艺的选择决定了处理能耗的高低。该文用HYSYS软件模拟了不同压力下煤层气饱和含水量变化情况,分析了外制冷低温分离法和三甘醇脱水工艺在不同操作压力下的能耗和运行成本变化趋势。结果表明,煤层气脱水操作压力较低时,需要增加气提气量、提高三甘醇贫液浓度来达到设计露点降。低压工况时气提气量是决定三甘醇脱水工艺运行成本的主要因素之一,操作压力1.0MPa～3.5MPa工况下外制冷低温分离法运行成本低于三甘醇脱水工艺,操作压力大于3.5MPa工况下三甘醇脱水工艺运行成本相对较低。     

油气集输工艺技术与发展趋势探析

油田开发的重要性越来越明显，油气集输生产也越来越受到广泛关注。油气集输生产和油田物资探、钻井等作业相比有着线长、压力容器集中等特点。本文主要针对油气集输系统的技术发展做简明回顾，并就目前国内外油气集输先进工艺加以介绍，从而对今后的油气集输工艺的发展趋势进行展望。     

浅谈环状流程改造对机采井的影响

喇嘛甸油田集输系统改造后,由于人为破坏或者地面工艺固有问题,对抽油机井的生产状况产生一定的影响,本文从工艺设备的角度,发生原因、处理方法及预防措施进行了初步探讨。     

油田集输系统检测控制技术在油田中的应用

在我国经济快速发展的大背景下,对于原油的需求也越来越多。我国的原油来源中有很大一部分是通过进口来解决的,对于开采或者是进口的原油都需要做好原油的收集和运输,随着科技的不断进步,应用于油田集输系统检查与控制的技术也越来越先进,同时可靠性也大幅提高。在现今所使用的油田集输系统中大量采用检测控制技术来对原油集输系统中的设备使用情况以及原油的情况进行相应的检测和分析并将数据发送至控制终端。通过在油田集输系统大量使用相应的检测与控制技术,使得油田的集输工作有了极大的提升,但是通过对油田集输系统检测控制技术的使用情况进行调查分析后发现,油田集输系统检测控制技术还存在着一些问题亟待解决。本文将就油田集输系统检测控制技术中所需注意的一些问题进行分析阐述。     

安塞油田杏南区伴生气回收技术对策研究

针对安塞油田杏南区伴生气回收率低于全厂平均水平,严重制约地面集输系统效率及管理水平提升的问题,通过对比油气分输和混输工艺特点,研究多相流在管道中的流动形态,分析油气分输对工艺技术的要求,开展了油气同步混输、井口定压集气、管网降压提效等伴生气回收新技术试验,并对工艺技术不断进行优化和改进,有力地推动了油田节能减排和绿色环保建设。     

低压铸造液面加压控制中的关键问题分析

近些年来我国机械制造业发展迅速，所使用的轻合金铸件需求量El益增加。上世纪兴起的低压铸造工艺凭借其材料利用率高、易于自动化等特点得到了市场认可，发展成为当今使用最广泛的铸造工艺之一。这几年来我国的低压铸造技术有了很大的进步，但是仍存在一些问题。本文将对现有的低压铸造工艺中存在的关键问题进行系统性分析，并提出解决方案完善此工艺。     

油田集输系统腐蚀状况分析与对策

油田开发进人中后期,地面集输系统的内外腐蚀越来越严重,管道穿孔、油罐破裂事故不断发生,成为制约油田持续发展的主要因素。根据油田开发各个时期、不同区块、不同生产介质的腐蚀特点,不断研究,开发和应用防腐新技术,新材料和新工艺。     

A Review on Shale Gas Development in Fuling

The Fuling Marine Shale Deposit contains vast gas resources. Due to tectonic activities, complex surface and geological conditions, significant differences make it unlike that of North America. Thus, it is not suitable to completely copy the technology and the development model from North America. Therefore we need engineering technology and a business development model fit for Fuling Shale Gas Development (FSGD). Through difficulties and characteristics analysis of the shale gas development area, we determined geological engineering design methods and integrated workflow, established a series of the core technologies, including horizontal well drilling with long laterals, staged fracturing and completion technology, developed main fluids, tools and equipment, put forward “well factory” mode in mountain region and “full cycle learning and system optimization” management methods. Break through was made in China’s first large-scale shale gas fields commercial development. By the end of 2014, production capacity reached 25 × 10⁸ m³/a, and cumulative gas production reached 12.24 × 10⁸ m³, which made a solid foundation to build production capacity of 50 × 10⁸ m³/a in 2015 and 100 × 10⁸ m³/a in 2017. Not only has FSGD established a demonstration for the other shale gas fields’ development, but also will be taken as reference to other large and extra-large construction projects of the industry.     

元坝气田工业电视监控系统应用优化研究

元坝气田是国内第二大高酸性气田,地面集输系统分为试采工程和滚动建产工程两部分。为实现全面信息化,加强对现场人员、设备以及直接作业环节的全程视频监控,元坝气田地面集输系统设置工业电视监控系统,通过光传输系统将图像数据传至控制中心,实现对生产设备和作业人员的远程视频监控。在生产运行过程中,该系统暴露出部分摄像机监控画面不清晰、存在监控盲区以及不能实现报警联动等缺陷,无法满足现场生产实际需要。为提升现场管理水平,降低安全风险,对工业电视监控系统开展了优化改造,使得该系统画质更加清晰、用途更加广泛,同时消除了监控盲区,增加了报警联动功能,提升了该系统的功能性和使用效果。     

An event-based analysis of condition-based maintenance decision-making in multistage production systems

Condition-based maintenance (CBM) is becoming increasingly prevalent because of its capability to continuously track equipment health degradation and accurately predict unscheduled equipment failure. CBM helps to improve the business bottom line by preventing costly station failure. However, it is not uncommon that CBM needs to stop stations for maintenance during operation, which can severely impede the normal production. The objective of this paper is to develop a systematic method to predict the negative impact of CBM stoppage events on production in a multistage manufacturing system. The research helps to predict the real expense of applying CBM, which is the foundation to establish a comprehensive real-time CBM decision-making model. We start from the event-based analysis of system dynamics and develop a stochastic estimation method to predict the permanent production loss caused by a CBM stoppage event. The monotonicity property of permanent production loss is investigated. Simulation case studies are performed to illustrate the theoretical results and demonstrate their potential in facilitating CBM decision-making.     

Plasma processes at atmospheric and low pressures

In the last few decades there has been an intense development in non-equilibrium (“cold”) plasma surface processing systems at atmospheric pressure. This new trend is stimulated mainly to decrease equipment costs by avoiding expensive pumping systems of conventional low-pressure plasma devices. This work summarizes physical and practical limitations where atmospheric plasmas cannot compete with low-pressure plasma and vice-versa. As the processing conditions for atmospheric plasma are rather different from reduced pressure systems in many cases these conditions may increase final equipment costs substantially. In this work we briefly review the main principles, advantages and drawbacks of atmospheric plasma for a better understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the atmospheric plasma processing technology compared with conventional low-pressure plasma processing.     

Intelligent Mining Technology for an Underground Metal Mine Based on Unmanned Equipment

This article analyzes the current research status and development trend of intelligent technologies for underground metal mines in China, where such technologies are under development for use to develop mineral resources in a safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly manner. We analyze and summarize the research status of underground metal mining technology at home and abroad, including some specific examples of equipment, technology, and applications. We introduce the latest equipment and technologies with independent intellectual property rights for unmanned mining, including intelligent and unmanned control technologies for rock-drilling jumbos, down-the-hole (DTH) drills, underground scrapers, underground mining trucks, and underground charging vehicles. Three basic platforms are used for intelligent and unmanned mining: the positioning and navigation platform, information-acquisition and communication platform, and scheduling and control platform. Unmanned equipment was tested in the Fankou Lead-Zinc Mine in China, and industrial tests on the basic platforms of intelligent and unmanned mining were carried out in the mine. The experiment focused on the intelligent scraper, which can achieve autonomous intelligent driving by relying on a wireless communication system, location and navigation system, and data-acquisition system. These industrial experiments indicate that the technology is feasible. The results show that unmanned mining can promote mining technology in China to an intelligent level and can enhance the core competitive ability of China’s mining industry.     

水产养殖设施与深水养殖平台工程发展战略

设施与装备是我国发展环境友好型养殖业的重要保障。要坚持生态优先、绿色发展的理念,转变过去粗放型养殖生产方式,就必须大力开展设施装备技术研究,努力提高我国装备技术水平。只有这样,才能促进我国水产养殖业健康持续地发展。本文重点介绍了我国水产养殖装备设施应用现状、发展水产养殖工程面临的主要问题和发展水产养殖工程应用的关键技术,并提出了对策建议,以期为今后的设施与装备的研发提供借鉴。     

低铝型热镀锌铝镁镀层钢板生产技术探索

介绍了攀钢2号热镀锌机组主要工艺装备和低铝型锌铝镁镀层产品开发情况,探索了低铝型锌铝镁镀层产品生产中清洗、带钢入锌锅温度、锌锅温度、镀液成分和气刀等关键工艺控制环节对产品质量的影响,通过工艺改进成功开发出了表面质量良好的锌铝镁镀层产品。     

Practice and understanding of developing new technologies and equipment for green and low-carbon production of oilfields

The core of China’s low-carbon development includes optimization of industrial structure, clean energy technologies, emission reduction technologies, and innovation of relevant systems and institutions. China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) has always been a proactive participant in developing low-carbon economy, shouldering the responsibilities of safeguarding oil and gas supply, conserving energy, and reducing emission. Therefore, CNPC fulfills those responsibilities as a substantial part of its overall strategy. Guided by low carbon and driven by innovation, petroleum corporations have taken constant innovation of low-carbon technologies, especially the development of green and low-carbon petroleum engineering technologies and equipment, as major measures for energy conservation and emission reduction. Large-scale development mode of unconventional resource anhydrous fracturing should be innovated. And supercritical CO₂ should be used to replace water for fracturing operation, in order to achieve multiple objectives of CO₂ burying, conserve water resource, improve single well production and ultimate recovery, realizing reduced emission and efficient utilization of CO₂ resources. Artificial lifting energy-saving and efficiency-increasing technologies and injection-production technology in the same well should also be innovated. Energy consumption of high water-cut wells is reduced to support the new low-carbon operation mode of high water-cut oilfields and realize energy saving and efficiency improvement during oil production by developing the operation efficiency of the lifting system and reducing the ineffective lifting of formation water. These technologies have been widely recognized by local and international experts and have greatly enhanced CNPC’s international influence. This study expounds the key technologies and equipment with regard to the development of green and low-carbon petroleum engineering and provide relevant suggestions.     

医疗装备产品研发中的人机交互和创新设计

目的 新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速了人工智能、前沿生物、信息网络和现代制造业的发展,也催生了跨学科、跨领域的新型医疗装备产品不断涌现。针对我国中高端医疗装备长期依赖进口这一现状,《十四五医疗装备产业发展规划》已明确将高端医疗装备研发作为“健康中国”的重要发展战略。因此将从人机交互和整体设计角度,阐述工业设计在医疗装备研发中的积极作用。 方法 介绍了我国医工交叉的发展,阐述了工业设计在医疗装备产品研发中的作用,以团队设计产品为例,介绍了典型医疗装备产品研发中的设计创新,最后指出了医疗装备设计创新所面临的机遇与挑战,以及医疗装备产业未来发展趋势。结果 指出在“健康中国”战略的指导下,工业设计将融入制造业战略规划、产品研发、生产制造和商业运营全周期,在医学服务向健康服务转变过程中,工业设计必将赋能医工交叉,形成与医疗装备体系全领域深度融合发展新模式。结论 分析表明,面对新发展阶段人民日益增长的医疗卫生健康需求对医疗装备发展提出的新任务新要求,聚焦临床需求和健康保障,强化医工协同,发挥设计学科优势,推动医疗装备产品研发、生产制造以及系统服务方面的创新发展。     

开拓我国深远海养殖新空间的战略研究

海水养殖是对国家食物安全、国民经济和贸易平衡做出重要贡献的产业。为实现新时期我国海水养殖业的可持续发展,急需拓展养殖新空间,实施深远海养殖战略。深远海海水养殖是一个综合体系,包含适养物种、养殖技术、养殖装备、能源供给、海陆接力物流、水产品加工和减灾防灾策略等要素。本文基于开拓海水养殖新空间的战略构想,提出了我国发展深远海海水养殖体系的战略任务,包括:适宜品种繁育和高效养殖技术体系;以深远海养殖平台为核心的新型海洋渔业生产模式;深远海海水养殖能源保障系统;海洋水产品智能化物流系统网络平台。基于此,还提出了相关政策建议。