聚四氟乙烯衬里设备技术发展综述

从衬里工艺、衬里接管结构、衬里内件结构和衬里质量的提高途径等方面对聚四氟乙烯衬里设备的技术发展进行了阐述。为业内同行提供参考和借鉴。     

不锈钢热套法衬里的制作工艺

近年来，随着采用不锈钢衬里层的容器不断增加，推广和发展不锈钢衬里制作工艺势在必行。不锈钢衬里主要有机械撑紧法衬里、包扎法衬里和热套法衬里3种。湖南安淳高新技术有限公司在此基础上研制并开发了不锈钢热套法衬里容器。笔者对该衬里的制作工艺进行扼要介绍。     

尿素合成塔衬里腐蚀寿命分析及衬里更换

氨汽提工艺尿素合成塔衬里腐蚀主要发生在第1、2筒节衬里,对减薄衬里进行寿命分析,尿素合成塔上封头瓜皮、第1筒节衬里、第2筒节衬里在衬里下一轮大修时必须更换。根据尿素合成塔的结构特点,提出切割上封头整体更换衬里的思路和方法。     

化工装置中衬里管道设计浅析

随着我国经济的不断发展,化工行业也进入成熟和发展阶段,衬里管道的应用也更加广泛,所以化工行业对衬里管道的选材、衬里管道的常规布置以及衬里管线调解段的设置越来越重视,对其进行研究具有十分重要的现实意义。因此,对化工装置中衬里管道的设计进行了具体的分析。     

炼厂重油催化装置衬里施工技术探讨

炼厂重油催化装置衬里施工原则是先施工隔热层,后施工耐磨层,对需衬里的设备,除锈、安装端板和龟甲网检验合格后进行衬里。本文主要针对当前石油化工设备的现状,探讨炼厂重油催化装置衬里施工技术。     

复合衬里材料在加热炉中的应用

介绍了新型复合衬里在南阳石蜡精细化工厂丙烷脱沥青装置加热炉中的应用。对加热炉的现状进行分析及复合衬里技术原理进行详细介绍;并对应用复合衬里技术改造及效果进行详细阐述,得出复合衬里技术先进、可靠、具有很大推广应用价值的结论。     

聚四氟乙烯衬里设备的几点思考

介绍了聚四氟乙烯衬里设备设计、制造和使用的相关标准,对标准的应用范围、衬里压力容器的全过程管理以及设计、制造过程中的经济合理性问题进行了探讨,提出了衬里设备标准和技术规范的改进建议.建议及时修订相关标准和规范,在《压力容器定期检验规则》中增加聚四氟乙烯衬里检验的内容,在《压力容器安全技术监察规程》中对"盛装介质"作出补充规定或增加衬里压力容器的解释说明.     

衬里管道的应力分析

通过对催化裂化装置衬里管道的一次应力和二次应力的分析以及将衬里管道转化成等效钢管代入管道应力计算软件CAESAR进行应力计算的方法 ,探讨衬里对大口径管道应力的影响     

基于ClVA的压力容器用聚乙烯衬里缺陷的超声检测研究

以压力容器用聚乙烯(PE)衬里为研究对象,采用CIVA仿真模拟软件超声模块对衬里与钢界面脱粘、分层及衬里层气泡等缺陷进行检测,结果表明10.0MHz、φ6mm的单晶带延迟块直探头对PE衬里的3种缺陷具有良好的检测效果.对人工缺陷试块进行了超声检测,结果表明带延迟块的超声探头将近场区控制在延迟块内,对PE衬里的分层和界面...     

聚四氟乙烯(F_4)衬里成型技术及其应用

结合工程应用实例,对三种聚四氟乙烯(F_4)衬里成型技术:衬里成型技术、聚四氟乙烯衬里金属网成型技术、聚四氟乙烯衬里复合成型技术进行了介绍,以便于在今后的工程中参考应用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。