利用MODIS数据反演南海南部海表温度及时空变化分析

南海海水表面温度对中国陆地的气候变化具有显著的影响。以南海南部海域为例,首先对MODIS基础数据进行几何校正及影像去云等预处理,利用辐射传输模型MODTRAN计算大气透过率,利用MODIS数据第31和32波段辐射亮度值计算亮度温度,采用劈窗算法反演南海南部海域海表温度,反演结果与产品及实测数据进行回归分析,采取决定系数（R ²）、误差平方和（SSE）及均方根误差（RMSE）进行拟合情况评价。决定系数（R ²）大于0.8,SSE、RMSE较小,其中反演结果与实测数据的SSE为1.025,RMSE为0.158,说明反演精度良好。研究表明:温度具有明显的区域和季节变化特征,秋冬较低,春夏较高,在空间上从离近岸向中心海域方向递减,海盆中心温度低。温度受气候的影响,与厄尔尼诺现象呈正相关,与拉尼娜现象呈负相关。     

Sea Surface Temperature Inversion of the Southern South China Sea from MODIS and Temporal and Spatial Variation Analysis

The sea surface temperature in the southern South China Sea has a significant influence on the climate change of China land. In the paper, on the basis of the geometric correction and cloud removal of MODIS basic data in the southern South China Sea, the atmospheric transmittance was calculated by MODTRAN Model, and the brightness temperature was calculated by the radiance intensity of the MODIS 31, 32 channels. The split-window algorithm was used to retrieve the sea surface temperature in the southern South China Sea. Finally, the accuracy was evaluated byR ², SSE, RMSE and the regression analysis between retrieved temperature and the products temperature or ground measured temperature.R ² is lager than 0.8. SSE and RMSE are all smaller. The inversion accuracy is good. The research showed the distinct seasonal variation of lower temperature in autumn and winter and higher temperature in spring and summer. The research still showed the fundamental variation of temperature with declines from the near shore to the center of the sea, and lowest temperature over the deep basin. The sea surface temperature was affected by variations of weather. The sea surface temperature was positively correlated with El Ni?o, and was negatively correlated with La Ni?a.     

On the consistency in variations of the South China Sea Warm Pool as revealed by three sea surface temperature datasets

The areal and intensity indices of the South China Sea Warm Pool (SCSWP) derived from three datasets, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's Microwave Imager (TMI) and Optimum Interpolation Version 2 (OI.v2) sea surface temperature (SST), are generally consistent with each other at monthly, seasonal and interannual scales. However, the three records are different in some cases. First, minor differences among the monthly records of intensity index are observed in the period July to September. Secondly, the interannual records of SCSWP intensity derived from AVHRR and OI.v2 are different in autumn during the period 1990-1996. The reason is not yet clear and nor is it clear which record best represents fluctuations in SCSWP intensity. These suggest that various drawbacks of the three datasets, such as low resolution of OI.v2, and cloud and rain contamination on AVHRR and TMI data, would be serious enough to allow deviation from each other to appear. Merging AVHRR and TMI SST data might be the way leading to a more convincing time series of SCSWP. In addition, changes of areal and intensity indices are not always consistent with each other, for example, they have different monthly patterns. Although the three interannual records of intensity index in three seasons all capture the main Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) signals at a half-year lag, only those which are in the summer significantly correlated with MEI.