纯棉织物的复合多效生物酶短流程精练

采用新型复合生物酶Scourzyme 301L，结合氧漂工艺，对棉织物进行退煮一步法短流程精练。讨论了酶浓度、轧余率、pH值等因素对退浆效果的影响，确定了较佳的退煮一步法和氧漂工艺，即Scourzyme 301L9．0g／L，pH值7．5，轧酶温度55℃，堆置时间60min，轧余率100％，轧酶后65℃汽蒸70min。大车生产试验表明，该工艺对纤维损伤较小，节约能源，符合环保要求。     

涤棉织物双氧水/尿素活化氧化前处理体系

采用双氧水/尿素活化氧化体系对涤棉混纺织物进行一浴一步法轧蒸前处理,探讨双氧水、尿素、去油剂用量、汽蒸时间、轧余率对织物退浆率、退浆废水中PVA降解率、毛效和白度的影响.试验结果表明,65/35涤棉织物的优化前处理工艺为:双氧水60 mL/L,尿素112.5 g/L,去油剂2 g/L,pH值5～6,二浸二轧(轧余率100%),100℃汽蒸30 min;90/10涤棉织物为:双氧水80 mL/L,尿素150 g/L,去油剂2 g/L,PH值5～6,二浸二轧(轧余率100%),100℃汽蒸20 min.处理后涤棉织物的退浆率和PVA降解率均较高,且毛效、白度等指标完全满足后续加工要求.     

棉织物复合酶前处理工艺

以多种酶制剂及其它助剂复配的退浆煮练剂SZ-101和氧漂促进剂SZ-102,对棉织物进行退煮漂前处理,确定了优化工艺:坯布一轧退浆煮练液汽蒸(退浆煮练剂SZ-101 4～6g/L,pH值6～7,轧余率100%,80℃汽蒸40 min)→轧漂白液汽蒸(H22O2 6～9 g/L,氧漂促进剂SZ-102 10～15g/L,Na2SiO3 5 g/L,pH值10～11,轧余率100%,98℃汽蒸50 min)→水洗.该工艺的前处理效果与传统碱前处理效果相近,且可节水节汽40%左右,污水近中性,COD低,色度浅,可达到排放要求.     

宽温淀粉酶的增效复配

为进一步降低退浆酶的成本,研究复配低成本的宽温淀粉酶KW-40。通过测试织物的减量率、毛效、白度、手感、断裂强力和断裂伸长,探讨退浆条件及添加剂对宽温淀粉酶KW-80退浆效果的影响,其复配工艺为NaCl 12.5%,苯甲酸钠0.5%,JFC 3%,宽温淀粉酶KW-80 50%,加水至100%,并调节pH值至5.5～6;优化的应用工艺为:KW-40 4 g/L,pH值6.5,轧余率80%,90℃汽蒸20 min。结果表明,宽温淀粉酶KW-40可获得与KW-80相似的退浆效果,而成本有所降低。     

双氧水尿素降解PVA及其在轧蒸退浆中的应用

采用双氧水-尿素活化氧化体系对PVA进行降解,并对涤棉织物进行轧蒸退浆处理,探讨了双氧水用量、温度、时间和pH值对PVA降解率、降解产物黏度的影响以及双氧水用量、汽蒸时间对退浆后织物上PVA降解率和织物白度、毛效、强力的影响。结果表明:降解1g/LPVA的较优工艺条件为双氧水20mL/L,双氧水与尿素的质量比0.6,降解温度90℃,降解时间20min,pH值5;轧蒸退浆的较优工艺条件为双氧水60mL/L,汽蒸时间30min;经优化工艺退浆后织物上PVA降解率达96%,织物白度和毛效有所提高,强力损伤不大。     

α-淀粉酶在棉织物上的热失活动力学及稳定性

研究3种热稳定剂以及α-淀粉酶质量浓度、汽蒸温度、汽蒸时间和酶液pH值对中温α-淀粉酶在棉织物上热稳定性的影响.探讨中温α-淀粉酶在棉织物上的热失活的动力学.结果表明,棉织物的结构本身对中温α-淀粉酶就具有很好的热稳定效果,醋酸钙、乳酸钠和低分子质量壳聚糖(LWCS)都能进一步提高α-淀粉酶在棉织物上的热稳定性,其中以LWCS的效果最好;棉织物α-淀粉酶退浆优化工艺为:α-淀粉酶0.1 g/L,LWCS0.5 mmol/L,酶液pH值6.100℃汽蒸10 min.按此工艺对棉织物进行处理后,退浆率达到97.2%.     

棉蜡印布的酶退浆-煮漂两步法前处理

探讨了不同因素对酶退浆-煮漂两步法前处理工艺效果的影响,并优化了工艺条件。酶退浆工艺为:常温堆置16 h;煮漂工艺为:精练剂3 g/L,双氧水14 g/L,轧余率90%~100%,汽蒸时间70 min。此工艺处理的织物性能指标可满足棉蜡印布的后续生产要求。     

耐高温α-淀粉酶用于全棉织物退浆工艺优化

研究了耐高温α-淀粉酶2000L对纯棉织物的退浆工艺,并对工艺条件进行了优化.利用单因素法考察pH值、温度、酶用量、处理时间及非离子表面活性剂等因素对酶退浆效果的影响,得出其应用于退浆工艺的最优条件为:α-淀粉酶2000L用量1.5%-2.O%(owf),pH值6.6,95℃处理40 min,JFC-100 .01%(owf).结果表明:耐高温α-淀粉酶2000L耐热性好,效果显著.     

活性染料轧蒸连续染色

采用活性嫩黄和艳蓝染料对纯棉织物进行轧蒸连续染色.讨论了轧余率、预烘时间、汽蒸时间、固色碱剂CJ-R浓度、纯碱浓度对染色的影响,并与轧蒸轧烘连续染色工艺进行了比较.结果表明,前述两种染料采用轧余率65%,预烘时间分别为50和55s,汽蒸时间分别为90和120s,CJ-R浓度2.5g/L,纯碱用量30g/L的轧蒸连续染色工艺,不仅可获得较高的K/S值和染色牢度,而且无需添加无机盐,节约成本,既减少了盐污染,又提高了染料利用率.     

影响酶退浆效果的因素与测试分析

研究了利用淀粉酶对纯棉织物进行退浆的工艺,讨论了酶浓度、轧酶温度、pH值、金属盐浓度、渗透剂浓度、堆置时间等六种因素对淀粉酶退浆效果的影响,确定了优化的酶退浆工艺,与传统的碱退浆进行了效果对比,论证了在纯棉织物退浆中以酶退浆代替碱退浆减少环境污染的可行性.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press