表面微造型技术改善物体表面摩擦性能的研究

物体表面的微细形貌深刻影响和改变着物体表面的摩擦性能，这就促使人们利用各种加工手段在物体表面进行微细造型改变表面状况以达到所需要的表面摩擦性能。本文首先论述了微造型的几何参数及其对摩擦性能的影响，接着阐述了近年来物体表面微细形貌加工方法以及表面微造型技术的应用领域，最后提出了表面微造型技术的可能发展方向。     

我国摩擦学研究的现状与发展

总结了自中国机械工程学会摩擦学分会成立25年来我国摩擦学研究的发展,论述了在流体润滑理论与设计、微观摩擦学、材料磨损机理与控制、表面工程与耐磨材料、润滑材料以及磨损状态监测等方面的主要成就。在此基础上提出了今后值得关注的研究方向,如减摩抗磨技术、制造过程摩擦学、生态摩擦学、仿生技术与生物摩擦学等。     

微型机械的摩擦学特性及其表面润滑技术的研究

综述了微型机械的摩擦学特性,阐述了微型机械中摩擦学问题研究的重要性,分析了影响微摩擦力的关键因素。基于目前国内外对微型机械表面润滑问题的研究现状,探讨了LB膜、自组装膜和分子沉积膜各自的特点及其在微型机械表面润滑领域的应用进展,对它们性能的优缺点进行了比较,并提出降低微型机械的表面能是减轻微摩擦磨损的有效措施。     

Ion implantation and surface modification in tribology

Ion implantation is a vacuum process by which virtually any element can be injected into the surface regions of a solid target. Current interest in materials technology and recent developments in ion implantation machines have resulted in ion-induced surface property changes in a variety of different fields including tribology. Large changes in friction coefficient (up to ± 60%) have been recorded on steel surfaces implanted with such ions as Pb⁺ and Sn⁺. Implantation of boron, nitrogen and molybdenum reduces wear by more than a factor of 10, from measurements with a pin-and-disc machine. An outline is given of the scope and application of ion implantation and the results evaluated in the context of the testing methods used. Examples are given of some present and future applications of ion implantation to tribology.     

Adsorption and friction in the UHV tribometer

Some aspects of the effect of adsorption on friction have beenexperimentally investigated by using a multi-technique AES/XPSUHV tribotester. Actually, testing in-vacuo gives the opportunityto clean, to create and to characterise the surface. Moreover,AES microanalysis can give insight in tribochemical reactions.Preliminary data are presented in several fields of tribology,including gas-phase lubrication, MoS₂ superlubricityand lubricated wear with lubricant additives. New insight intothe understanding of the processes are made possible because in-vacuo tribology permits the environmental factors to be perfectlycontrolled.     

The tribology of flexible magnetic recording media—the influence of wear on signal performance

The tribology of magnetic recording systems is different to conventional tribology in many important aspects and an understanding of this branch of the science is still in its infancy. This paper presents a review of one specific aspect of the tribology of flexible tape storage systems, that is wear of heads and media and the effect on signal performance. Based on the work of this author's group and others and with reference to classical tribological principles, the various mechanisms of wear have been identified in particulate media, metal evaporated media and various recording head types and have been discussed in terms of the effect of signal degradation and error or drop out production. From this review, the wear mechanisms and surface and subsurface parameters which should have the most influence on the future development of media and systems are identified.     

The current status of tribological surface science

Use of the ultrahigh vacuum methods of surface science allows the preparation and study of highly characterized solid–solid interfaces for tribological investigations. One of the limiting factors in the progress of our understanding of tribology has been the inability to generate solid–solid interfaces with well-defined, reproducible, atomic scale structures and compositions. The preparation of single crystalline surfaces of metals and the characterization of adsorbed molecules on these surfaces has been one of the major accomplishments of the field of ultrahigh vacuum surface science. Combining surface science instrumentation with an ultrahigh vacuum tribometer has made it possible to bring to the study of tribology the same quality of experimental measurement as is available for many other surface phenomena. One phenomenon that has been explored in great detail is the effect of the coverage of adsorbed species on friction between metal surfaces. Other measurements have included the study of friction anisotropy; the effect on the friction between two single crystal surfaces of their relative crystallographic orientations across the sliding interface. Finally, recent results have correlated the friction between adsorbate covered surfaces with the desorption energy of the adsorbed molecules. These results and measurements anticipated for the future offer the opportunity to address truly fundamental questions in tribology and complement many of the other new tools recently developed for the study of tribological phenomena.     

主动摩擦学设计方法

摩擦学是研究具有相对运动表面之间的相互关系的学问，摩擦学设计是以摩擦学的基本观点进行设备运行系统工作状态研究的设计，本文综合当前国内外摩擦学设计的理论和方法，提出主动摩擦学设计的基本概念和设计方法。     

New opportunities in automotive tribology

In this article we give an introduction to the field of automotive tribology as a guide to the following articles in this focus issue, and we review the recent application to automotive tribology of several molecular and microscopic level techniques. These include scanning force microscopy (SFM), nanohardness techniques, surface forces apparatus (SFA), computer modeling, vibrational spectroscopies, three UHV‐surface science techniques, and microcalorimetry. They are currently being used, in conjunction with more traditional techniques, to further both practical and fundamental knowledge of automotive tribological systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Ekonol/G/MoS_2/PEEK复合材料的磨损机理研究

用模压方法制备了Ekonol/G/MoS2 /PEEK复合材料 ,通过摩擦磨损实验方法对材料的耐磨性能进行了研究 ,并用SEM对磨损表面进行了观察和分析 ,在此基础上探讨了复合材料的磨损机理。结果表明 :与PEEK相比 ,复合材料具有优良的耐磨性能 ;随着Ekonol含量的增加 ,复合材料的磨损机理发生了由粘着磨损向疲劳磨损的转变     

Environmentally friendly tribology (Eco-tribology)

The Earth is facing many serious environmental problems. The global warming problem has reached a point at which action cannot be delayed. It is necessary not only to expect novel technological development but also to create realistic solutions by extending conventional technologies. Tribology has supported various technological developments over the years and has also responded promptly to societal demands for decreasing substances from engineering products that would be hazardous to the environment. As societies aim to become sustainable, tribology needs to be involved and contribute to the solution more than ever before. Environmentally friendly tribology, eco-tribology, through progress in surface modification, is seen to be an effective engineering technology that can contribute very much to sustainable societies. Multi-scale surface texturing, which is a new concept of surface modification for tribo-materials, and diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating technology were introduced as the expected future development.     

Ekonol/PEEK复合材料的制备和摩擦学性能

用机械共混-模压法制备了Ekonol／PEEK复合材料，通过摩擦磨损实验方法对材料的摩擦学性能进行了研究，并用SEM对磨损表面进行了观察和分析，在此基础上探讨了复合材料的磨损机理。结果表明：用机械共混-模压法能制得摩擦学性能优良的Ekonol／PEEK复合材料，随着Ekonol含量的增加，复合材料的磨损机理发生了由微切削，剥层，粘着磨损向疲劳磨损的转变。     

基于摩擦学的设备维修管理系统开发

论述了摩擦学与设备维修管理的系统关系,介绍了开发基于摩擦学的设备维修管理系统的三大步骤,提出并实践了基于摩擦这的设备维修管理思想,开发了基于摩擦学的设备状态识别系统,构造了用摩擦学系统状态参数修正的设备大修周期仿真模型,以机车柴油机为例,进行了不同时期设备状态等级确定,设备大修周期仿真,实例表明基于摩擦学的设备维修管理系统是可行的。     

高速电弧喷涂Al-Ni-Mm-Co涂层在脂润滑下的摩擦磨损性能

针对铝合金硬度低、耐磨性差的问题,采用电弧喷涂分别在6061铝合金基体表面喷涂Al和Al-Ni-Mm-Co涂层,采用显微硬度计、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪分别对涂层硬度、涂层显微结构、涂层成分进行分析。采用球-盘式往复摩擦试验机考察涂层在脂润滑下的摩擦学性能,并对磨痕形貌和表面主要元素进行观察。结果表明,Al-Ni-Mm-Co涂层的减摩性和抗磨性能均优于6061铝合金和Al涂层,其优异的摩擦学性能归结为摩擦表面形成的Al2O3、NiO、CoO等氧化保护层,主要的磨损形式为疲劳磨损。     

论乔斯特的摩擦学学术思想——纪念摩擦学创始人乔斯特博士诞生100周年

从摩擦学的学科性质、社会功能和实际应用三个方面论述了乔斯特的学术思想.关于摩擦学的学科性质,乔斯特认为,摩擦学是一门通用的多学科,也是一种对决定全局有重要作用的启动技术;至于摩擦学的社会功能,他认为摩擦学、特别是绿色摩擦学的社会功能是能够提供空间,使科学家和技术人员找到解决这些对人类关系重大的问题的办法;而在摩擦学的实...     

BP 网络在基于知识的摩擦学设计中的应用

在众多神经网络模型中，ＢＰ网络是比较成熟且应用较为广泛的一种。为此，本文选用ＢＰ网络作为基本网络模型，分别从知识表达、知识获取、综合评价方面研究了ＢＰ网络在基于知识的摩擦学设计中的应用。     

Analytical techniques in surface topography and their application to a running-in experiment

The importance of the application of surface topographic parameters is discussed and their relevance to production processes and tribology is examined. It is shown that of the surfaces which require specification more than 90% are subsequently used in tribological situations. Both amplitude distribution and spatial approaches to surface specification are described and their relative usefulness discussed.Relocation techniques are considered and a novel wear rig is described in which the associated problems are minimised. Experimental results are presented showing significant statistical parameters which highlight the topographical changes occurring during running-in.     

粗糙表面仿真方法综述

粗糙表面在自然界普遍存在。在研究表界面现象时,粗糙表面往往是重要的输入信息。实际测量和数值仿真是获取粗糙表面的两种常用方法。与实际测量相比,数值仿真无需昂贵的测量设备和大量机时,即可根据给定的表面特征信息高效地批量生成粗糙表面。目前,表面仿真已有近五十年的发展历史,基于不同表面形貌特征形成了采用多种表面特征参数的多种仿真方法,在摩擦学研究中应用广泛。梳理和总结表面仿真方法利于方法的高效、准确应用以及进一步发展。考虑到表面仿真方法与表面形貌特征及其表征参数密切相关,为了系统全面地综述表面仿真方法,首先介绍与表面仿真相关的形貌特征表征方法及特征参数。随后,以不同特征为线索对相应的表面仿真方法的原理、算法、优缺点进行梳理,初步提出了方法选用建议,并整理了其在摩擦学研究中的典型应用,最后展望了未来粗糙表面仿真的可能研究方向。     

摩擦学设计综合评价模型的研究

在摩擦学设计系统中,以摩擦学系统的系统工程思想为指导,综合考虑摩擦学设计要求,提出了一种新的基于神经网络的综合评价模型,并在轴承—转子系统摩擦学设计中得到应用。实践证明,该模型评价结果合理、准确。     

摩擦学的进展和未来

在过去的20年内,随着纳米技术的飞速发展和人们社会需求的日益增加,摩擦学迅速发展,并随之产生了几个新的领域,比如纳米摩擦、生物摩擦、超滑、表面织构摩擦学、极端工况摩擦学、微动摩擦学等等。在未来的10年,这些领域和其他新出现的概念,比如:绿色摩擦、纳米制造摩擦学、新型超滑材料和新能源领域摩擦学等等,将在摩擦学研究工作中发挥重要的作用。纳米摩擦学包括纳米尺度下的薄膜润滑、纳米摩擦、纳米磨损、表面黏附等等。绿色摩擦学包括环境友好润滑剂、摩擦噪声的减小、没有环境污染的磨损。生物摩擦学包括人类器官中的摩擦学和仿生摩擦学。超滑包含不同类型的润滑剂,比如类金刚石膜、水基润滑剂、一些生物润滑剂,其具有极低的摩擦因数(0.001量级)。纳米制造摩擦学包括纳米结构制造中的摩擦学、纳米精度制造中的摩擦学和跨尺度(微观、中观和宏观)制造中的摩擦学。这些领域需要不同的理论和技术,以适应不同的制造对象和尺度。极端工况摩擦学包括在重载下、在高/低温度下、在高/低速度下和强腐蚀或氧化环境条件下的摩擦学问题。与表面织构相关的摩擦学理论和技术也是当今发展较快的领域。这些领域的新进展和未来10年的新需求将在下文中具体介绍。