碳化钨条填充法电弧堆焊工艺及堆焊层泥沙磨损研究

介绍 了铸造碳化钨条填充法电弧堆焊制备金属基碳化钨陶瓷复合材料耐磨层的基本过程，叙述了该方法堆焊工艺特点及电弧烧作用对碳化钨颗粒形状及性能的影响，结合堆焊工艺论述了复合材料堆焊层的成分和性能特点。对铸造碳化钨条填充法电弧堆焊制备的复合材料堆焊层进行了泥沙磨损试验，并将其耐磨性与焊条熔敷金属的耐磨性进行了对比。讨论分析了作为硬质相的碳化钨颗粒的基体对堆焊层抗泥沙磨损性能的影响。     

碳化钨浸润堆焊工艺及其堆焊层泥沙磨损试验研究

采用钢基钎料在低碳钢板上地碳化钨浸润堆焊工艺试验，叙述了浸焊工艺过程及要求，对碳化钨浸润焊层进行了泥沙磨损试验，结合浸润堆焊层的复合构成及其性能，分析讨论了浸润堆焊层的抗磨粒磨损特性。     

碳化钨条氧乙炔焰堆焊层泥沙磨损试验研究

提高过流易损件的耐磨性及使用寿命是疏浚行业亟待解决的问题。作者运用氧乙炔焰堆焊法，制备出碳化钨条火焰堆焊层，介绍了这种堆焊的基本特点及工艺过程，对堆焊层的抗泥沙磨损性能及堆焊层中碳化钨颗粒分布和显微形貌等进行了分析讨论，研究表明：复合耐磨堆焊层中碳化钨颗粒的较少溶解、颗粒与胎体金属之间的良好结合以及“阴影效应”和“支撑作用”的共同作用是获得优异抗泥沙磨损性能的根本原因。     

等离子堆焊球形碳化钨颗粒增强镍基合金堆焊层的组织与性能

采用等离子堆焊技术在304L不锈钢表面上堆焊碳化钨颗粒增强镍基合金层。研究了不同碳化钨颗粒含量对堆焊层组织形态、显微硬度的影响。结果表明,堆焊层组织包括树枝晶和枝晶间多元共晶组织;堆焊层中初始碳化钨颗粒沉积在堆焊层底部,堆焊层顶部无碳化钨区域出现新的鱼骨状和块状结构。在堆焊过程中,碳化钨颗粒发生熔解并与镍基合金元素相互作用形成低熔点共晶组织,以块状和长片状析出。随碳化钨含量增加,堆焊层平均硬度增加,堆焊层顶部鱼骨状和块状结构对堆焊层硬度没有影响。     

钴基碳化钨增强等离子弧堆焊覆层的制备及其磨损行为

采用粉末等离子弧堆焊的方法,对热锻模钢H13钢基体表面进行不同含量的钴基合金粉末+碳化钨粉末的堆焊。利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察堆焊层的组织和形貌,并通过EDS分析堆焊层的化学成分;对其不同碳化钨含量的钴基堆焊层进行显微硬度与磨损性能的测试,探究碳化钨含量对堆焊层性能的影响。结果表明:碳化钨增强钴基堆焊层与基体冶金结合良好,堆焊层较H13钢基体的硬度有较大提高;当碳化钨含量为30%时,其耐磨性较基体提高了10倍。     

碳化钨/高锰钢堆焊层的制备工艺及耐磨性能

采用氧乙炔焰在Q235钢基体上制备碳化钨/高锰钢堆焊层,通过调节碳化钨的种类、粒度和含量来对比组织、性能上的差异。试验结果表明,在堆焊层中碳化钨颗粒分布均匀,颗粒周围产生共晶组织,且堆焊层的硬度随着碳化钨颗粒的数量、碳化钨颗粒尺寸的增加而上升;耐磨性随着碳化钨颗粒度的减小和碳化钨数量的增加而增加,其含量达到40%时为最佳,经冲击强化后堆焊层性能进一步提升。     

钒对铁基碳化钨耐磨堆焊层组织和性能的影响

在自研制的碳化钨管状药芯焊条中添加不同含量的钒元素（0%~3%）并制备堆焊合金,通过SEM,XRD,EDS等研究分析手段,研究不同钒含量对碳化钨耐磨层组织性能的影响规律.结果表明,钒含量与堆焊层中碳化钨颗粒的溶解程度密切相关,钒优先将碳化钨颗粒分解出的碳原子以碳化钒形式固定,从而抑制了碳化钨颗粒的分解,钒元素含量决定了碳化钨溶解的强弱,含有2%钒元素的堆焊层中生成适量碳化钒有效抑制了碳化钨的溶解.钒元素的加入还能强化碳化钨堆焊层基体金属的硬度,降低堆焊层中碳化钨颗粒剥落的风险,有效提高了堆焊层的耐磨性.     

碳化钨增强高频感应堆焊层组织性能研究

采用高频感应堆焊工艺制备碳化钨颗粒增强高铬铸铁基高频感应堆焊层,并对其微观组织和耐磨性能进行研究。结果表明,与普通高铬铸铁基堆焊层相比,采用高频感应堆焊工艺制备的碳化钨颗粒增强高铬铸铁基高频感应堆焊层具有更高的硬度和更好的耐磨性能。     

堆焊

45CrNiMOVA钢堆焊修复层组织及摩擦学性能;K360耐磨钢堆焊合金层的组织与性能;冷热循环对多元合金铁基堆焊层硬度的影响;锡青铜堆焊工艺;脉冲磁场电流对堆焊金属组织及性能的影响     

堆焊

45CrNiMOVA钢堆焊修复层组织及摩擦学性能；K360耐磨钢堆焊合金层的组织与性能；冷热循环对多元合金铁基堆焊层硬度的影响；锡青铜堆焊工艺；脉冲磁场电流对堆焊金属组织及性能的影响     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。