蒸汽发生器一级汽-水分离器性能数值研究

采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,应用欧拉双流体模型对核电厂蒸汽发生器(SG)一级汽-水分离器性能进行模拟.研究循环倍率、叶片升角和叶片轴向位置等因素对压降、分离效率和蒸汽湿度的影响规律.计算结果表明:对所计算的叶片,压降随着叶片升角的增加逐渐减小;叶片升角在30°时,分离效率最好且出口蒸汽湿度最小,存在一个最佳的叶片轴向位置.     

6 CYCIAE-100中的束流动力学研究

为了满足高频腔安装的需要，磁铁峰区间隙在中心区从5cm增加到了6cm；为了给高频线提供空间，在外半径区从4cm增加到约5cm。同时，中心区间隙的增加给对中线圈的工程设计带来了方便。然而，对这样一个紧凑型的机器而言，叶片两边的边缘场对轴向聚焦的影响就变得很重要。因此，需对磁铁的基本结构再进行研究，并对其产生的磁场进行束流动力学研究。     

窄间隙矩形通道间隙厚度对传热强化影响研究

根据窄间隙矩形通道的流道结构特点，参考圆管环状流临界热流密度（CHF）预测解析模型，得到了可以预测间隙厚度不小于0．5mm的窄间隙矩形通道内发生沸腾两相流环状流时的CHF解析模型。计算表明，当窄间隙矩形通道的进口截面宽度与间隙厚度比为25～85时，通道内的CHF值强化比较明显。根据汽-液两相介质的特点，推导出了在沸腾两相流系统中发生CHF时的传热强化判定准则。分析计算表明，这个判定准则是合理的，传热强化较好的进口截面宽度与间隙厚度比为45～75。综合两者的计算结果，窄间隙矩形通道内传热强化的参考进口截面宽度与间隙厚度比为45～75。     

熔盐堆除气系统中气泡分离器运行特性

设计3种结构参数的分离器,并以空气和水为工作介质,对气泡分离器进行测试,以期找到最佳的气泡分离器结构参数。采用可视化实验方法,利用高速摄像系统记录气泡的分离过程,分析叶片结构对分离过程的影响。结果表明,叶片进出口角度、叶片长度、叶片个数等参数变化均会影响气泡的分离过程;对于搅浑叶片的设计,出口与轴向夹角不应超过45°,搅浑叶片个数应该在5个以上且长度大于50 mm。     

矩形小通道内空气-水两相流动均相流模型研究

在机玻璃竖直矩形通道内,以空气和去离子水为工质获得实验数据。据此对竖直矩形小通道内均相流模型的适用性进行评价。结果表明,采用McAdams两相粘度时均相流模型及Chen等提出的修正均相流模型能较好用于1.41 mm间隙通道压降的预测,平均绝对误差分别为10.92%和12.20%;采用McAdams两相粘度时均相流模型对于3 mm间隙通道在两相雷诺数Re大于6000时平均绝对误差为10.04%,但气-液两相Re较低时预测偏差较大。通过实验数据分析得到了均相流模型适用于3 mm间隙通道的范围;针对两相Re较低的区域拟合得到了新的经验关系式,其预测值与实验值符合较好。     

SFC轴向注入线上的线性聚束器

ＳＦＣ轴向注入线采用了一个双间隙漂移管式聚束器和一个单间隙栅网型聚束器，分别采用三角波和锯齿波的聚束波形。采用充放电式的高频电压发生器可以得到要求的聚束电压。     

棒束定位格架空气-水两相分布数值模拟

用计算流体动力学程序CFX4．2对棒束定位格架通道内空气．水两相流体三维流动进行了数值模拟。在计算中，采用了考虑界面横向效应的两流体模型，用该模型计算模拟了通道的l/4区域和定位格架交混叶片．获得了流体区域的两相流速和相分布；并分析了定位格架交混叶片对流动和相分布的影响。结果表明．带定位格架棒束流道内空气-水两相流动数值模拟基本合理．该方法可用来初步分析复杂通道内的两相流动。     

环形流道两相流特性实验研究

在日本原子力研究所的一个两以试验台架上，进行了环形流道空气－水丙相流窟泡份额和逆向流试验，观察了其流型。通过试验和分析，提出了漂移流模型中分布系数Co和气相漂移速度Vgi的经验关系式；得到了逆向流Wallis表达式的拟合参数。对试验结果的分析表明，当流道间隙很小（Bond数小于1）时，流型和两相流动与间隙较大时有所不同。     

环形狭缝膜态沸腾弥散两相流动特性研究

在 3种不同间隙的同心竖直环形狭缝膜态沸腾试验段中 ,研究了以去离子水为工质的两相弥散流摩擦压降 ,比较了环形狭缝和圆形通道中两相流动摩擦压降的不同 ,还研究了环形间隙对摩擦压降的影响。结果表明 :不同间隙下的环形狭缝内膜态沸腾弥散流摩擦压降可用修正的Sadatomi方法计算 ,该方法可应用于工程上的环形狭缝膜态弥散流动     

环形脉冲萃取柱中连续相轴向混合的研究

本文在30％TBP(煤油)-水中以水为连续相,实验研究了环形脉冲萃取柱内连续相的轴向混合。实验中采用了示踪剂扰动—响应方法。结果表明,单相流时环形脉冲萃取柱轴向混合系数E_c值仅为相同截面积圆形脉冲筛板柱的40％。单相流条件下轴向混合系数可由下式关联: E_c=0.02(fA)~(1.26)+3.5×10~(-5) 对于两相流条件下,连续相轴向混合系数与分散相存留分数值有关,相应关联式为 E_c=0.02(fA)~(1.26)(1-x)~(3.24)+3.5×10~(-5) 65组实验数据关联的最大偏差小于20％。     

Evaluation Model of Turbine Meter for Two-Phase Flow

An evaluation model of a turbine meter has been developed to predict two-phase liquid velocity. The model considers the effects of blade configuration and void fraction distribution. In order to verify its applicability, experiments in single-phase and two-phase flows were performed and the model was compared with existing theories. This report describes the model and the experimental results on single-phase and two-phase flows.     

Experiment investigation on two-phase flow instability in a parallel twin-channel system

In this paper, the behavior of two-phase flow instability of a twin-channel system is studied experimentally. The two-phase flow instability between twin channels (FIBT) was observed in the experiments at three different system pressures, different inlet resistance coefficients and nonuniform heating condition. The instability boundaries of the twin-channel system are obtained in the phase plane of the subcooling and phase change number. The influences of inlet resistance, system pressure and nonuniform heating are obtained. In the end the numerical simulation results based on RELAP5/MOD3.4 code are also discussed.     

Numerical investigation on hydrodynamic performance of liquid lead lithium bubble column using population balance model

Using bubble column to extract tritium from lead lithium (Pb–17Li) eutectic is an effective way in the process of tritium extraction in liquid blanket system, where the hydrodynamic characteristics of the gas–liquid two-phase flow in the columns play a very important role. In order to understand the two-phase flow details and investigate the influence factors on the hydrodynamic performance, in this paper the flow behaviors in the cylindrical bubble columns with different heights and purge gas inlet velocities using computational fluid dynamics coupled with population balance model were simulated. Liquid flow field, bubble Sauter mean diameter, time-averaged gas holdup and two-phase interfacial area for the different cases were obtained and compared. The simulation results showed good agreement with previous studies, and which indicated that bubble size and gas holdup formation are mainly determined by vortical flow. In addition, interfacial area can be enhanced by increasing the purge gas inlet velocity and column height. However, the enhancement effect will trail away when the gas inlet velocity is too fast, and the contribution of column height is relatively small.     

断电停机过渡过程中核主泵气液两相流动特性研究

为研究断电停机过渡过程中核主泵气液两相瞬态流动特性,借助CFD技术对不同含气量下核主泵内的气液两相流动变化规律及径向力进行了研究,并对计算结果进行试验验证。结果显示,数值模拟数据与试验数据变化趋势吻合,断电停机过渡过程中,在叶轮背面附近产生旋涡,旋涡的存在使气相区域变大且相应的气体体积分数增加。随着流量的减少和转速的降低,叶轮和导叶内存在大量的气相,导致叶轮转换能量的能力减弱。含气量较小时,叶轮内气体体积分数先达到最大值后开始呈离散状回旋下降。而含气量较大时,叶轮内的气体体积分数随流量的减少而增加。含气量对流道内流体的速度影响较大,尤其是对靠近叶片进口方向的流体。随着含气量的增加,叶轮的径向力不平衡程度开始减弱,其最大不平衡径向力由正负值不等转变为以负值为主。     

Analytical Study on Detailed Void Distributions Inside BWR Fuel Bundle under Turbine Trip Event Considering Time-Dependent Pin Power Distributions

A one-way coupling system between the plant simulator TRAC/BF1-ENTRÉE and the subchannel code with the improved cross flow model, NASCA, has been developed. Based on a scenario of turbine trip tests in the Peach Bottom Unit 2, the wide and rapid reactivity insertion transient induced by the system pressure rise was calculated. The pin power distribution in hot bundles was re-constructed considering heterogeneity of the fuel bundle. When the neighboring control blade is withdrawn, NASCA predicted that the steady-state bundle exit void distribution was nearly flat with regardless of the pin power distribution. However, void distributions in the middle and lower bundle regions became complicated depending on the pin power and the two-phase flow regime in each subchannel. The pin power distribution rapidly changed according to traveling of control blades. However, influence in the void distribution was delayed and damped due to the fuel heat conduction. The detailed void distribution under transient events has an impact on the location of dryout. It has been shown that the coupling calculation including the subchannel code is useful in understanding transition of the detailed void distribution depending on the pin power and the two-phase flow regime.     

基于小波包多尺度信息熵和HMM的气液两相流流型识别方法

为了研究垂直上升管中气液两相流的流型,利用自制的多电导探针测量系统采集了四种典型流型的电导波动信息.由于气液两相流电导波动信号的非平稳特征,提出了一种基于小波包多尺度信息熵(Wavelet Packet Multi-scal2e Information Entropy)和隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model,HMM)的流型识别方法.该方法首先对采集到的电导波动信号进行3层小波包分解,得到了8个不同频带的信号,提取各频带信号的小波包多尺度信息熵特征作为流型的特征向量,然后将其转换为观测序列输入到各种状态的隐马尔可夫模型进行训练并识别流型.结果表明:与BP神经网络相比,采用隐马尔可夫模型进行流型识别可以获得更高的识别率,表明该方法是有效和可行的.     

Pneumatic fast-closing valve for synchrotron radiation beam linesat the photon factory

A fast-closing valve system has been designed and fabricated in order to protect the vacuum of the synchrotron radiation beam line and that of the 2.5 GeV storage ring from a sudden vacuum failure at the downstream end of the beam line. Upon the detection of a failure the valve closes within 11.9 ms by pneumatic pressure on a drive piston in a cylinder. Within the last 3.7 ms of the closing time the downward movement of the blade is decelerated so as to reduce the closing shock. A hard TiN ceramic membrane is coated on the surface of the titanium blade. On the surface of a stainless steel aperture, an Al₂O ₃-TiO₂ ceramic membrane (less hard than TiN) is coated in order to attain low conductance and smooth movement of the blade. This ensures a low leak rate of 0.135 torr l/s and a long life cycle of the mechanism (more than 8000 times)     

基于平衡冷凝模型的超临界CO2压缩机内部冷凝数值分析

超临界二氧化碳（sCO₂）布雷顿循环是第四代核反应堆能量转换系统主要解决方案之一,实际运行中,压缩机内sCO₂可能发生凝结,导致效率降低,运行稳定性受到影响。本文结合Span-Wagner物性模型,建立了sCO₂的平衡冷凝数值模型,对sCO₂压缩机进行数值模拟,分析了sCO₂冷凝的主要区域、成因及影响。结果表明,sCO₂的凝结主要受流速影响,发生于压缩机主叶片前缘吸力面的50%叶高以上区域及前缘间隙内近压力面区域,前一区域由sCO₂的局部加速所致,后一区域由叶顶间隙泄漏所致;在给定工况下,冷凝区域很小,未扩展到整个通道,冷凝的sCO₂很少,未形成两相流,对压缩机运行的影响很小。      

Wave propagation in two-phase flow of magnetic fluid under a nonuniform magnetic field

The effect of nonuniform magnetic field on the linear and nonlinear wave propagation phenomena in two-phase pipe flow of magnetic fluid is investigated theoretically to realize the effective energy conversion system using boiling two-phase flow of magnetic fluid. Firstly, the governing equations of two-phase flow based on the unsteady thermal nonequilibrium two-fluid model are presented and the linear void wave propagation phenomena in boiling two-phase flow are numerically analyzed by using the finite volume method. Next, the nonlinear pressure wave propagation in gas-liquid two-phase flow is numerically analyzed by using the finite different method. According to these theoretical studies on the wave propagation phenomena in two-phase flow of magnetic fluid, it seems to be a reasonable proposal that the precise control of the wave propagation in two-phase flow is possible by effective use of the magnetic force.     

叶轮叶片厚度对混流式核主泵能量性能的影响

为了分析混流式核主泵叶轮叶片厚度对能量性能的影响和进行流体动力优化,以某公司制造的100型混流式核主泵为研究对象,选取叶轮叶片厚度作为优化设计变量,分别设计了3种不同叶片厚度的叶轮。首先对原始模型进行数值模拟及性能预测,通过与原始模型试验数据的对比分析,确定了合理的数值模拟方法和验证性能预测的可靠性。对3种不同叶片厚度的叶轮进行全流道的数值计算分析,预测分析不同叶片厚度对核主泵外特性以及内部流场分布的影响。分析结果表明:相同流量工况下,随着叶轮叶片厚度的减薄,核主泵的扬程增加,效率降低。由于空间导叶的特殊结构,叶轮叶片减薄使导叶叶片进口处出现回流现象,增加了导叶内的流动损失,且全流道内的压力整体较高。因此,适当地增加叶片厚度有助于提高具有特殊空间导叶结构的核主泵效率和保证核主泵运行的可靠性。