稀土对H13钢低温粉末渗硼的影响

研究了Ｈ１３钢经低温加稀土粉末渗硼的组织和性能。结果表明，在低温下，加稀土渗硼具有比较明显的“滑化”效果，能够提高渗硼层的耐磨性；合适的稀土加入量有一定的催渗作用，但不如高温渗硼时明显。     

稀土对模具钢钒硼共渗层组织和性能的影响

本文研究了模具钢盐浴钒硼共渗工艺中，添加适量稀土对共渗层组织和性能的影响。并探讨了稀土元素对共渗层催渗作用机理，以及盐浴稀土钒硼共渗工艺在模具表面强化处理中的实际应用。应用结果表明，冷作模具经盐浴稀土钒硼共渗处理后比常规热处理的模具使用寿命提高３～７倍。     

钛合金固相渗硼-稀土渗硼机理研究

表面强化处理可以大幅提升钛合金的耐磨性， 也有利于钛合金在高温环境中应用。 钛合金高温固相渗硼是 重要的表面强化方式， 添加稀土提高渗硼效率是重要技术手段。 为深入研究稀土的渗硼催化机制， 本文开展了 900~1050℃渗硼试验， 重点分析了渗硼剂在试验后的相组成变化。 结果表明， 稀土可通过与硼源、 氧发生化学反 应， 生成熔点较低的稀土硼酸盐。 本文对该硼酸盐发挥的作用进行了解释， 论述了稀土在渗硼反应过程中的作用。 经过渗硼的钛合金表面形成了 TiB/TiB2 双相渗层， 显微组织分析表明该渗层与基材结合紧密、 无孔洞缺陷。 本文 还对渗硼钛合金的拉伸性能、 表面摩擦系数、 维氏硬度、 高温洛氏硬度、 结合力等基础力学性能进行了测试， 结 果表明， 渗硼钛合金具有优良的综合力学性能。     

稀土对硼铝共渗铝渗入量的影响及稀土元素的分布

采用膏剂法进行稀土硼铝共渗试验研究，结果表明：稀土改变了硼铝共渗层内铝元素的渗入量，并有少量的渗入。分析认为，稀土能够渗入并富集于晶界，对晶界的结构、能量都产生影响，从而改变渗层铝元素的渗入量，形成特殊类型的化合物相，是改善硼铝共渗层性能的主要因素。     

45钢滴注式气体碳硼稀土共渗的研究

采用滴注式气体化学热处理方法对４５钢进行了表面强化的研究。在温度、时间、煤油滴量均相同的条件下，采用碳稀土共渗、碳硼稀土共渗和常规单纯渗碳３种工艺，从金相组织、渗层厚度和显微硬度的分布三方面作了对比试验，结果表明，碳硼稀土共渗试样的渗层度高于碳稀土共渗与单纯渗碳，以深度显著大于单纯渗碳，稍低于碳稀土共渗，显示了的催渗作用，同时试验了稀土加入量与渗层深度伯关系，找出稀土垢最佳加入量。     

稀土粉末渗硼及其在冷拔模上的应用

对冷拔模加稀土渗硼工艺进行了比较,结果表明,一定的稀土物质在渗硼中具有催硼作用,且能使渗硼体的组织和性能得到改善,稀土粉末渗硼工艺应用于冷拔模处理具有很好的经济价值。     

稀土对45钢硼铝共渗渗层生长初期的影响

本文研究了稀土对45钢硼铝共渗层生长初期的影响,建立了渗层生核长大模型。试验结果表明:稀土硼铝共渗试样在保温8分钟时表面就已形成较完整渗层,而硼铝共渗试样表面则24分钟才完成这一过程。由此认为,稀土促进了渗剂的分解,并促使活性元素大量吸附在试样表面,提高了硼化物的成核速度和成核率。     

球化剂对改善渗硼层耐磨性的研究

固体渗硼时添加１０％球化剂得到的硼－稀土共渗层的耐磨性优于渗硼层，其原因是共渗层表层致密、渗层较深、渗层至过渡区的硬度梯度较平缓以及共渗层具有较低的脆性等。     

稀土对硼铝共渗过程及渗层性能的影响

本文研究了双涂层法稀土硼铝共渗工艺及渗层的性能,考察了稀土对渗层厚度、渗层表面硬度和渗层组织形态的影响,获得了稀土加入量的最佳值。试验结果表明:加入稀土后渗速可提高近1倍,改善了渗层的组织形态及性能。     

稀土对低温固体B-C-N共渗的影响

本文研究了硼－碳－氮－稀土（Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ－ＲＥ）共渗工艺及共渗层的组织性能，并与硼－碳－氮（Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ）共渗工艺及共渗层的组织性能进行了比较，结果表明，在适当范围内，稀土具有明显的催渗作用；与Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ共渗相比，Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ－ＲＥ共渗层的耐磨性和耐蚀性明显提高。本文对Ｂ－Ｃ－Ｎ－ＲＥ共渗的机理及稀土元素的作用作了初步的探讨。     

渗硼工艺对汽车用45CrNiMoV热锻模具钢性能的影响

研究了850～950℃3～6 h渗硼处理的汽车发动机曲轴锻造用模具钢的显微硬度、冲击韧性、耐磨性能以及物相组成和微观结构。研究结果表明,925℃渗硼4 h后的样品性能较优,模具钢渗硼层最大HV显微硬度值1712,渗层厚度58.6μm,400℃和24℃冲击韧性值分别为39 J·cm^-2和27 J·cm^-2,90 min摩擦试验后的磨损量6.7 mg。物相组成显示渗硼层主相为Fe₂B,显微结构中可以明显看见渗硼后的渗硼层、过渡层以及基体。     

Development of Cutting Tool Through Superplastic Boronizing of Duplex Stainless Steel

In this study, a cutting tool is developed from duplex stainless steel (DSS) using the superplastic boronizing technique. The feasibility of the development process is studied, and the cutting performances of the cutting tool are evaluated and compared with commercially available carbide and high-speed steel (HSS) tools. The superplastically boronized (SPB) cutting tool yielded a dense boronized layer of 50.5 µm with a surface hardness of 3956 HV. A coefficient of friction value of 0.62 is obtained, which is lower than 1.02 and 0.8 of the carbide and HSS tools. When tested on an aluminum 6061 surface under dry condition, the SPB cutting tool is also able to produce turning finishing below 0.4 µm, beyond the travel distance of 3000 m, which is comparable to the carbide tool, but produces much better results than HSS tool. Through superplastic boronizing of DSS, it is possible to produce a high-quality metal-based cutting tool that is comparable to the conventional carbide tool.     

金属钛表面Na2B4O7-Al熔盐渗硼

分别以熔融Na2B4O7和Na2B4O7+Al为渗硼剂,在钛金属表面渗硼,以期获得含TiB2和TiB双层结构的硼化层。通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析涂层表面的物相结构。结果表明,单独以Na2B4O7作为渗硼剂时基体表面没有生成硼化物,主要生成Na2Ti4O8。在Na2B4O7中添加10%Al(质量分数)后,钛表面有明显的TiB2和TiB生成。温度升高有利于TiB2的生成,但会抑制TiB的生成。热力学分析表明,与单独用Na2B4O7做渗硼剂相比,以Na2B4O7+Al为渗硼剂时生成活性B原子的反应趋势较大,因而活性B原子的浓度较高。动力学分析表明,低温时由于B原子在TiB相中的扩散速度大于其在TiB2相和Ti相中的扩散速度,因而有TiB和TiB2生成。高温时由于B原子在Ti相中的扩散速度大于其在TiB相中的扩散速度,因而主要生成TiB2。     

金属钛（B4C＋KBF4＋SiC）固体硼化

为提高钛金属的硬度,增加其耐磨性能,将金属钛埋在B4C含量分别为5%和10%的B4C＋KBF4＋SiC硼化剂中,加热到950℃进行固体硼化,研究不同组成比例的硼化剂对硼化层的影响;在B4C含量为10%的条件下,分别加热到950℃和1 000℃进行固体硼化,研究不同温度对硼化层的影响。XRD测定的硼化层表面物相结构结果表明,钛金属表面的硼化层主要由TiB组成,晶体在200晶面择优取向。固体硼化结果的热力学分析认为,在硼势不足的固体硼化条件下,活性硼原子先和金属钛原子生成TiB,而不是生成TiB2。     

新型稀土钢焊条

本文通过在碱性药皮中添加适量多种稀土剂进行的试验，研制出一种新型含稀土焊条。该焊条不仅工艺性能优良，而且发挥了稀土元素在钢焊缝中的净化、细化及改善组织的作用，获得以晶内细小针状铁素体为基的焊缝组织，低温韧性好。     

Effect of Rare Earth Additives on Chrome-Plating Quality

Electroplatingisoneofthetraditionalprocessesof decorationandsurfaceprotection.Boththeelectroplate principleandprocessparameterscanformacomplete setofsystem.However,therestillexistsixmostseri ousproblemssuchasthepoorcombinationstrengthof electroplatecoatin…     

Rare Earth-Boronizing and Its Applications

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Recovery of rare earths from ion-absorbed rare earths ore with MgSO4-ascorbic acid compound leaching agent

The magnesium sulfate leaching technology for the ion-absorbed rare earths ore can solve the ammonia pollution problem existing in ammonium sulfate leaching process. However, the leaching capacity of magnesium sulfate is slightly weaker than that of ammonium sulfate, resulting in a bigger consumption of magnesium sulfate. In this paper, the MgSO_4-ascorbic acid compound leaching agent had been demonstrated to deal with the ion-absorbed rare earths ore. The ascorbic acid could form a stable coordination with rare earth ions, so that it can strengthen the leaching of ion-exchangeable phase.Moreover, ascorbic acid has a strong reductive property, it can leach the colloidal sediment phase rare earth as well. The present study investigates the effect of the initial pH and the composition of leaching agent on the rare earth leaching. It is determined that the rare earth leaching efficiency is 107.5% under the condition of pH 2.00,0.15 mol/L magnesium sulfate and 1.0 g/L ascorbic acid in leaching agent. In this case, the content of the ion-exchangeable phase and colloidal sediment phase rare earth in the leaching residues are both only 0.02‰. The leaching efficiency of colloid sediment phase rare earth can be 85.7%,so that the Ce partition in the leaching liquor increases to be 5.77%. The magnesium-ascorbic acid compound leaching agent is proposed to be a promising choice to deal with the ion-absorbed rare earths ore, which can realize the efficient leaching, low consumption of MgSO_4 and environmentally friendly leaching.     

Composition, Processing Technology and Property of Ceramic Die Materials Containing Rare Earth Additives

Development and application of new ceramic die materials is one of the important topics in the field of die research. The composition, processing technology, mechanical property and engineering performance of the ceramic materials such as cermet, ZTA, TZP, TZP/Al2O3, TZP/TiC/Al2O3, PSZ and Sialon, etc., with rare earth yttrium, lanthanum and cerium, and so on working as additives, were investigated and analyzed in the present study. Problems existed in the research and application of rare earth ceramic die materials were discussed. Rare earth additives can effectively improve the mechanical property and engineering performance of ceramic die materials. Thus, it will have further perspectives of wider application. More attention should be paid in the future to the toughening and strengthening of the ceramic die materials, the adding forms and kinds of rare earth elements and acting mechanisms of rare earth additives in ceramic die materials.