苦参碱对人急性红白血病细胞株TF-1SALL4基因及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路下游靶基因表达的影响

目的探讨苦参碱对人急性红白血病细胞株TF-1 SALL4基因及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路下游靶基因表达的影响。方法用不同浓度的苦参碱(0.5、1.0、2.0 g/L)处理TF-1细胞,另设对照组(不加苦参碱)。苦参碱作用48 h后,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组TF-1细胞中SALL4基因及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路下游靶基因β-catenin、C-myc、Cyclin DI的表达水平,并分析SALL4基因与β-catenin、C-myc及Cyclin DI表达的相关性;Western blot法检测各组TF-1细胞中SALL4蛋白的表达水平。结果经不同浓度苦参碱处理48 h后,TF-1细胞中SALL4、β-catenin、C-myc、Cyclin DI基因的表达水平及SALL4蛋白的表达水平与对照组相比,均明显下降,且呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05);SALL4基因与β-catenin、C-myc、Cyclin DI基因的表达明显相关(r s值分别为0.912、0.818和0.832,P均<0.01)。结论苦参碱对TF-1细胞中SALL4基因和蛋白表达及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路下游靶基因β-catenin、C-myc、Cyclin DI的抑制可能在抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡过程中起重要作用。     

Axin2基因对肝癌细胞中Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关分子表达的调控及机制

目的探讨Axin2基因对肝癌细胞中Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关分子表达的调控及其机制。方法通过TOPflash试验检测Axin2基因对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的影响;荧光定量PCR(Quantitative Real-time PCR,QPCR)法检测Axin2基因在正常肝细胞LO2及3种肝癌细胞HepG2、HHCC、HB611中的表达水平;对肝癌细胞HepG2中Axin2的表达进行干扰,并检测Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关基因(β-catenin、Cyclin A、CDK2、Wnt5a、STAT3、EGFR、APC)mRNA转录水平及相关蛋白(β-catenin、Cyclin A、CDK2、APC)的表达量。结果 Axin2对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路有显著抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性(P 0. 05);3种肝癌细胞Axin2的表达水平显著低于正常肝细胞LO2(P 0. 05);干扰HepG2细胞中Axin2基因表达后,Axin2基因m RNA转录及蛋白表达水平降低,Wnt信号通路下游基因β-catenin、Cyclin A、CDK2、Wnt5a、STAT3和EGFR基因mRNA转录水平及β-catenin、Cyclin A、CDK2蛋白表达量均上升,而APC基因mRNA转录水平及蛋白表达量降低。结论 Axin2基因通过调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关基因的表达抑制肝癌细胞的生成,本研究为寻找新的肝癌治疗靶点及防治药物提供了实验依据。     

Glut-1、VEGF在胰腺癌中的表达及意义

目的研究葡萄糖转运蛋白-1(Glut-1)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在胰腺癌中的表达及意义。方法应用半定量RT-PCR及免疫组织化学染色技术检测Glut-1、VEGF在胰腺癌及正常胰腺组织中的表达。结果RT-PCR结果显示Glut-1mRNA、VEGFmRNA在正常胰腺和胰腺癌组织中均有表达,但在胰腺癌组织中的表达量明显高于正常胰腺组织(P<0.01);免疫组化染色阳性细胞计数显示Glut-1、VEGF在胰腺癌组织中的阳性细胞数明显多于正常胰腺组织(P<0.01)。结论Glut-1与VEGF的异常表达可能在胰腺癌的发生中起协同作用;VEGF通过上调Glut-1表达促进胰腺癌的发生发展。     

IRX1基因在肝癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨易洛魁家族同源盒基因IRX1(Iroquois homebox gene)在肝癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法收集82份肝癌组织(高分化26份,Edmondson分级Ⅰ级;中分化25份,Edmondson分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ和Ⅱ级;低分化31份,Edmondson分级Ⅱ-Ⅲ和Ⅲ级)和11份正常或良性疾病非癌组织标本,采用实时荧光定量PCR(Q-PCR)和Western blot检测各组肝脏组织中IRX1的表达,免疫组织化学法检测IRX1在肝脏组织中的定位及临床特征。结果肝癌组织中IRX1基因和蛋白的表达均明显高于非癌对照组(P<0.05),且其表达量与肿瘤的分化程度相关,肿瘤分化程度越低,其表达量越高(P<0.05)。IRX1在肝癌组织中的阳性表达率明显高于非癌对照组(P<0.05),且伴随着肿瘤分期增加和分化程度的降低,IRX1阳性率越高,但IRX1阳性率与HBV感染以及伴随肝硬化情况无明显相关性(P>0.05)。IRX1染色阳性的高分化肝癌组织中,68.2%定位于细胞质,18.2%定位于细胞核,13.6%胞质和胞核均阳性;IRX1染色阳性的低分化肝癌组织中,胞质胞核均阳性的增加至65.5%。结论IRX1可能参与调控肝癌的发生发展过程,IRX1的表达与肝癌的分化程度有关,提示IRX1可作为判断肝癌预后、分化程度以及肿瘤靶向分子治疗的指标。     

基于芯片数据库荟萃分析及免疫组化检测Ferroportin1在不同肿瘤中表达的研究

目的阐明Ferroportin1(FPN1)mRNA及蛋白在人胃癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、肺癌及肝癌等多种肿瘤组织与癌旁组织中的表达分布情况,为肿瘤的诊断和治疗寻找新的靶点。方法利用Oncomine数据库,对多种肿瘤组织及正常组织中FPN1 mRNA的表达情况进行挖掘及荟萃分析。同时,采用免疫组织化学方法,研究FPN1蛋白在人类胃癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、肺癌及肝癌肿瘤组织和癌旁组织中的表达。结果结果发现,经数据挖掘FPN1 mRNA在神经系统肿瘤、食管癌、畸胎瘤中表达上调;在白血病、肺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌中表达下调。FPN1蛋白在结肠及肝脏组织中表达相对较高(中度阳性),在被检测的五种肿瘤标本中,其表达均有不同程度降低,却仅在乳腺癌及肝癌中存在统计学差异(P0.05)。结论免疫组化证实FPN1蛋白表达在乳腺癌及肝癌组织中显著降低,而芯片数据却未发现其mRNA表达的相同趋势,这可能提示转录后调节在FPN1的表达调节中发挥更为主要的作用,且其有望作为乳腺癌及肝癌的诊断及治疗新靶点。     

乙肝病毒X蛋白对肝前体细胞中β-连环素表达及定位的影响

目的探讨乙肝病毒X蛋白(Hepatitis B Virus X,protein,HBx)对肝前体(Hepatic progenitor,HP)14-19细胞中β-连环素(β-catenin)表达及定位的影响,为研究HBV相关性肝癌的发生机制提供实验依据。方法分别用重组腺病毒Ad-GFP-HBx和Ad-GFP感染HP 14-19细胞,RT-RCR法检测HBx基因mRNA的转录;Real-time PCR法检测β-catenin基因mRNA的水平;Western blot法检测HBx、总糖原合成酶激酶3β(total-glycogen synthase kinase 3β,t-GSK3β)、磷酸化GSK3β(Phospho-GSK3β,p-GSK3β)及β-catenin蛋白的表达;免疫细胞化学法检测β-catenin的分布情况。结果重组腺病毒Ad-GFP-HBx和Ad-GFP均能高效感染HP 14-19细胞,感染效率均可达到90%;在重组腺病毒Ad-GFP-HBx感染的HP 14-19细胞中可检测到HBx基因mRNA的转录和蛋白的表达;与Ad-GFP感染组相比,Ad-GFP-HBx感染组t-GSK3β蛋白相对表达量无明显变化(P>0.05),但p-GSK3β蛋白相对表达量增加(P<0.05);β-catenin在基因和蛋白水平上表达明显增高(P<0.05),并在胞质中大量积聚,且有向胞核转位的趋势。结论 HBx可通过促进HP 14-19细胞中GSK3β磷酸化,抑制β-catenin的降解,从而导致β-catenin在胞质中大量积聚并向核内转移。HBx对肝前体细胞中经典Wnt信号通路的激活,可能是导致肝前体细胞恶性转化的分子基础。     

鱼精蛋白1在结肠腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的比较鱼精蛋白1(Protamines 1,PRM1)在结肠腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法通过实时荧光定量PCR法检测53例结肠腺癌及正常结肠组织中PRM1基因mRNA水平,并分析PRM1 mRNA检测对于结肠腺癌诊断的敏感性;SP免疫组化染色法检测组织中PRM1蛋白的表达水平。结果结肠腺癌组织中PRM1基因mRNA水平明显高于正常结肠组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),总体阳性率为96.23%(51/53);结肠腺癌组织高表达PRM1,且能够分泌入腺腔。结论结肠腺癌细胞在基因及蛋白水平均高表达PRM1,PRM1 mRNA检测对结肠腺癌的诊断具有参考价值。     

肝细胞癌中7-脱氢胆固醇还原酶表达的临床意义

目的：探讨7-脱氢胆固醇还原酶（DHCR7）在肝细胞癌（HCC）组织中的表达水平及临床意义。方法：采用多中心样本（n=41）分析HCC与正常肝组织中DHCR7的差异性表达。通过Wilcoxon秩和检验和标准化平均差（SMD）评估肿瘤组和对照组之间DHCR7表达水平的差异。使用总体受试者工作特征曲线（sROC）评估DHCR7在癌症中的临床价值。结果：相较于正常肝细胞,在HCC组织中观察到DHCR7 mRNA表达升高（P <0.05）。DHCR7 mRNA在HCC组织中的过表达有潜力作为鉴别肿瘤与正常组织的指标[总敏感性（Se）=0.60,总特异性（Sp）=0.81,曲线下总面积（AUC）=0.77],表明DHCR7具有用于辅助诊断HCC的潜力。结论：对比健康肝脏,HCC中的DHCR7 mRNA体现较高表达,而DHCR7蛋白也具有高表达的趋势,DHCR7可能成为HCC的潜在标志物。     

髓母细胞瘤中β-连环蛋白、血管内皮生长因子受体-2和SUFU的表达及其相关性

目的探讨髓母细胞瘤中β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)、血管内皮生长因子受体-2(Vascular endothelia growth factorreceptor-2,VEGFR-2)和SUFU(Suppressor of fused)的表达及其相关性。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测33份髓母细胞瘤和10份瘤旁正常小脑组织中β-catenin、VEGFR-2和SUFU的表达情况,并分析三者之间表达的相关性。结果33份髓母细胞瘤组织中,β-catenin、VEGFR-2和SUFU的阳性率分别为66.7%(22/33)、87.9%(29/33)和30.3%(10/33),正常小脑组织中的阳性率分别为10%(1/10)、10%(1/10)和90%(9/10),髓母细胞瘤中3种蛋白的表达与正常小脑组织比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);髓母细胞瘤中β-catenin与VEGFR-2的表达呈正相关,与SUFU的表达呈负相关。结论β-catenin、VEGFR-2和SUFU与髓母细胞瘤的发生发展密切相关。     

过表达BRIT1基因对鼻咽癌HNE-1细胞凋亡的影响及其机制

目的研究BRIT1(BRCT-repeat inhibitorof h TER expression)基因对鼻咽癌HNE-1细胞凋亡的影响,并初步探讨其相关的分子机制。方法利用免疫组织化学法检测30份鼻咽癌组织及30份鼻咽正常组织中BRIT1蛋白的表达;利用质粒pc DNA3.1(-)/BRIT1及pc DNA3.1转染HNE-1细胞,TUNEL法、Hoechst33342染色法及流式细胞术检测细胞的凋亡情况,Western blot法检测转染细胞中BRIT1蛋白及caspase-3、active caspase-3、Bax、bcl-2蛋白的表达。结果 BRIT1在鼻咽癌组织中的BRIT1蛋白表达水平低于鼻咽正常组织(P0.05);转染质粒pc DNA3.1(-)/BRIT1的HNE-1细胞中,BRIT1蛋白水平明显上调(P0.05);过表达BRIT1明显促进HNE-1细胞的凋亡,并导致抗凋亡蛋白caspase-3、bcl-2表达下调(P0.05),促凋亡蛋白active caspase-3、Bax表达上调(P0.05)。结论BRIT1基因通过调控线粒体凋亡途径相关基因的表达,促进鼻咽癌细胞HNE-1凋亡的发生。     

Expression of Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B10 in the Early Stages of Human Hepatocarcinogenesis

Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B10 (AKR1B10), a cancer-related oxidoreductase, is expressed in well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). However, AKR1B10 levels are minimal in normal liver tissues (NLs), similar to the 70-kilodalton heat shock protein (HSP70) and glypican-3. Moreover, the role of AKR1B10 in chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, which are considered preneoplastic conditions for HCC, has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of AKR1B10, HSP70, and glypican-3 in 61 HCC tissue samples compared to corresponding non-tumorous liver tissues (NTs), comprising 42 chronic hepatitis and 19 cirrhosis cases to clarify the significance of molecular changes at the preneoplastic stages of HCC. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the median expression levels of AKR1B10 were higher in HCCs than in NTs (p < 0.001) and higher in NTs than NLs (p < 0.001) with 54.8%, 2.1%, and 0.3% expression in HCCs, NTs, and NLs, respectively. HSP70 and glypican-3 were expressed in HCCs, but minimally in NTs and NLs with no significant difference between expression in NTs and NLs. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis identified an association between hepatic steatosis and AKR1B10 expression in NTs (p = 0.020). Of the three protein expressed in well-differentiated HCCs, only AKR1B10 was upregulated in preneoplastic conditions, and a steatosis-related factor might influence its expression.     

Hypoxic and highly angiogenic non-tumor tissues surrounding hepatocellular carcinoma: the 'niche' of endothelial progenitor cells

Our previous investigations showed that mobilized endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are enriched in non-tumor tissues (NT) surrounding hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), compared to in tumor tissues (TT). This particular recruitment of EPCs is worth investigating further. The mobilization, recruitment, homing, and incorporation of EPCs into tumors require the participation of multiple factors, including angiogenic factors, adherent molecules, endothelial cells, hypoxic environment, etc. Therefore, we hypothesized that NT might be a hypoxic and highly angiogenic area, into which many more EPCs are recruited and homed. In the last three years, we evaluated the hypoxic condition, angiogenic factors and angiogenic index using frozen tissues or tissue microarrays from 105 patients who had undergone hepatectomy for HCC, and here we review our results and the studies of others. All results showed the expression of Hypoxiainducible factor-1α was higher in NT than in TT. The expression of VEGFA, bFGF, TGF-β, MCP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and endostatin in NT was significantly higher than in normal liver and TT. Meanwhile, the expression of CD105-the surface marker of activated endothelial cells-was also higher in NT than in TT at the protein and mRNA levels. These investigations showed that NT is a hypoxic and highly angiogenic area, which may be the 'niche' of EPCs. The particular background in HCC may be related to liver cirrhosis. Therefore, non-tumor tissues surrounding HCC may be the 'niche' of endothelial progenitor cells.     

双内参实时荧光定量PCR法检测肝癌中易洛魁族同源盒2基因信使RNA的水平

目的采用双内参实时荧光定量PCR法检测肝癌中易洛魁族同源盒2(Iroquois homebox 2,IRX2)基因信使RNA(mRNA)的水平,探讨其对肝癌诊断及治疗的潜在意义。方法采用荧光定量PCR法检测21份肝癌组织和21份癌旁组织中IRX2基因的表达水平,并以双内参β-actin和GAPDH为标准对照,计算每个样本IRX2基因的相对表达量,经Pfaffl法进行相对定量,分析基因表达差异。结果 42份肝组织中均存在IRX2基因的表达,85.71%(18/21)的肝癌组织中IRX2基因表达水平较癌旁组织明显降低(P<0.01)。结论肝癌组织中IRX2基因表达水平较低,表明IRX2基因在肝癌中出现异常表达,为从基因水平诊断及治疗肝癌提供了一个潜在靶点。     

PLCε调节肾细胞癌血管生成的作用机制

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在PLCε-NF-κB信号通路中影响肿瘤血管生成的作用机制。方法将PLCε-shRNA表达质粒pGenesil-PLCε转染人肾透明细胞癌786-0细胞株,沉默磷脂酶Cε(Phos-pholipase C epsilon,PLCε)基因的表达,采用RT-PCR及Western blot检测转染细胞中PLCε、NF-κB和VEGF基因mRNA及蛋白水平表达的变化;应用NF-κB特异性抑制剂BAY11-7082处理细胞后,采用MTT法检测BAY11-7082对786-0细胞增殖的抑制作用,RT-PCR和Westernblot检测VEGF基因mRNA和蛋白水平表达的变化。结果重组质粒pGenesil-PLCε可明显抑制PLCε基因mRNA和蛋白水平的表达,抑制率分别为71.43%和50.01%,并明显下调NF-κB和VEGF基因mRNA和蛋白水平的表达;BAY11-7082可明显抑制786-0细胞增殖,且呈剂量和时间依赖性;应用BAY11-7082后,VEGF基因mRNA和蛋白的表达均被明显抑制。结论 PLCε可能通过抑制NF-κB基因的表达,从而抑制NF-κB依赖性基因VEGF的表达,进而影响肾细胞癌血管生成。     

MiR-29a Curbs Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence via Targeting of HIF-1α and ANGPT2

A high-fat diet is responsible for hepatic fat accumulation that sustains chronic liver damage and increases the risks of steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MicroRNA-29a (miR-29a), a key regulator of cellular behaviors, is present in anti-fibrosis and modulator tumorigenesis. However, the increased transparency of the correlation between miR-29a and the progression of human HCC is still further investigated. In this study, we predicted HIF-1α and ANGPT2 as regulators of HCC by the OncoMir cancer database and showed a strong positive correlation with HIF-1α and ANGPT2 gene expression in HCC patients. Mice fed the western diet (WD) while administered CCl4 for 25 weeks induced chronic liver damage and higher HCC incidence than without fed WD mice. HCC section staining revealed signaling upregulation in ki67, severe fibrosis, and steatosis in WD and CCl4 mice and detected Col3a1 gene expressions. HCC tissues significantly attenuated miR-29a but increased in HIF-1α, ANGPT2, Lox, Loxl2, and VEGFA expression. Luciferase activity analysis confirms that miR-29a specific binding 3′UTR of HIF-1α and ANGPT2 to repress expression. In summary, miR-29a control HIF-1α and ANGPT2 signaling in HCC formation. This study insight into a novel molecular pathway by which miR-29a targeting HIF-1α and ANGPT2 counteracts the incidence of HCC development.     

RNA干扰her-2基因对骨肉瘤细胞血管内皮生长因子-A和白细胞介素-8表达的影响

目的探讨her-2基因沉默对人骨肉瘤细胞株saos-2中血管内皮生长因子-A(Vascular endothelial growth factor-A,VEGF-A)和白细胞介素-8(Interleukin-8,IL-8)表达的影响。方法构建her-2 shRNA重组表达质粒,转染至骨肉瘤细胞株saos-2,同时设空白对照组和shNC阴性对照组;RT-PCR检测her-2、VEGF-A和IL-8基因mRNA的转录水平;Western blot检测her-2蛋白表达的变化;ELISA法检测细胞培养液中VEGF-A和IL-8的分泌水平。结果构建的her-2 shRNA表达载体能抑制her-2基因的表达,对her-2基因mRNA的转录和蛋白表达的抑制率分别为63.05%和62.59%;转染重组质粒her-2 shRNA后VEGF-A和IL-8基因mRNA的转录水平及蛋白分泌水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。结论 her-2基因沉默后,VEGF-A和IL-8基因mRNA的转录水平和蛋白表达水平明显降低,her-2基因参与了骨肉瘤细胞VEGF-A和IL-8基因的表达调控,提示her-2基因可作为研究骨肉瘤血管生成分子机理的新靶点。     

Cytotoxic T Cell Expression of Leukocyte-Associated Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor-1 (LAIR-1) in Viral Hepatitis C-Mediated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis involves liver inflammation, therefore, despite successful treatment, hepatitis C virus (HCV) may progress to HCC from initiated liver cirrhosis. Cytotoxic T cells (Tcs) are known to be involved in HCV-related cirrhotic complications and HCC pathogenesis. The inhibitory checkpoint leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is expressed on Tcs. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether the Tc expression level of LAIR-1 is associated with HCC progression and to evaluate LAIR-1 expression as a noninvasive biomarker for HCC progression in the context of liver cirrhosis related to HCV genotype 4 (G4) in Egyptian patients’ peripheral venous blood liquid biopsy. A total of 64 patients with HCC and 37 patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in this case-controlled study, and their LAIR-1 expression on Tc related to the progression of liver cirrhosis was examined and compared to that of the apparently healthy control group (n = 20). LAIR-1 expression was analyzed using flow cytometry. Results: The HCC group had significantly higher LAIR-1 expression on Tc and percentage of Tc positive for LAIR-1 (LAIR-1+Tc%) than the HCV G4-related liver cirrhosis group. LAIR-1+Tc% was correlated with the HCC surrogate tumor marker AFP (r = 0.367, p = 0.001) and insulin resistance and inflammation prognostic ratios/indices. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that adding LAIR-1+Tc% to AFP can distinguish HCC transformation in the Egyptian patients’ cohort. Upregulated LAIR-1 expression on Tc could be a potential screening noninvasive molecular marker for chronic inflammatory HCV G4 related liver cirrhosis. Moreover, LAIR-1 expression on Tc may be one of the players involved in the progression of liver cirrhosis to HCC.