枯草芽孢杆菌BSD-2菌株喷雾干燥工艺优化

为研制生物农药新剂型,利用喷雾干燥法制备浓缩枯草芽孢杆菌BSD-2菌粉。以集粉率和抑菌活性为指标,确定最佳喷雾干燥工艺条件。在发酵液中加入15%β-环糊精作为填料,最佳入口温度为170℃,料液温度为30℃,热风量为20 m3/h,入料流量为15 m L/min。此条件下喷雾集粉率达到25.4%,效价保留率为66%,BSD-2菌体存活率为75%。     

枯草芽孢杆菌产芽孢发酵培养基的优化研究

在三角瓶培养条件下,采用单因素实验对枯草芽孢杆菌B53发酵培养基碳源、氮源进行了优化。在此基础上进行了正交实验,确定了菌株B53最佳的产孢发酵培养基为葡萄糖25g/L、大豆蛋白胨14g/L、玉米浆17g/L、NaCl 3g/L,MgSO_4 0.2g/L。在最优条件下发酵培养,芽孢浓度为9.6×10~9个/mL。     

枯草芽孢杆菌细胞壁的研究进展

本文综述了近几年的枯草芽孢杆菌细胞壁的研究进展情况,分别从方法和结构两方面详细地总结了细胞壁的研究进展程度和应用价值,为以后的实验研究提供了理论基础。     

枯草芽孢杆菌出芽培养条件优化

探索了提高枯草芽孢杆菌产生芽孢的方法,使用单批一次投料培养法研究了培养基成分、p H值、培养过程中通气量及装液体积比对菌体产芽孢的影响。试验结果说明:枯草芽孢杆菌最适生长和产生芽孢的碳源是糖蜜,最适氮源是酵母浸粉;二价锰离子和无机盐对菌体的生长和产芽孢有很大影响。菌体生长和产芽孢的最适培养基组成:糖蜜1.0%,酵母粉0.8%,(K2HPO4+KH2PO4)0.5‰,Mn SO4 0.2‰;产芽孢的最适条件:开始培养p H值为7.0,最适装液量为20%(体积比)。在5L半自动发酵罐中,溶氧大于70%,发酵24 h后,芽孢数量为5.1×1011CFU/m L,出芽率为98.0%。     

枯草芽孢杆菌产烟酰胺酶的发酵工艺条件优化

对已筛选出的菌株枯草芽孢杆菌N-17进行发酵条件优化,利用单因素实验方法,对烟酰胺酶的发酵培养基的组分及发酵条件进行优化,确定了各因素的最适值.结果表明:该菌株在温度28℃,起始pH值7.0,己内酰胺浓度为0.2％,葡萄糖1.2％,酵母粉0.6％,Mg2+0.02％时,产烟酰胺酶活性最大,酶活比之前提升了213.8％.     

氯灭活水中枯草芽孢杆菌的效果

以枯草芽孢杆菌(ATCC6633)作为难灭活微生物的代表,研究了氯对水体中芽孢的灭活效果,考察了氯浓度、作用时间、反应体系pH值、温度以及芽孢初始浓度等因素的影响。结果表明,氯对芽孢的灭活过程可分为延滞期和灭活期;初始氯浓度在2.06~10.30 mg·L^-1,反应时间0~166 min,pH值6~9,温度1~30℃,初始芽孢浓度10²~10¹² cfu·ml^-1范围内,消毒剂浓度和反应时间共同影响着氯对芽孢的灭活效果,提高消毒剂投量或延长消毒反应时间,均可提高灭活率;酸性条件下氯灭活芽孢的能力强于碱性条件下;随着温度的上升,氯对芽孢的灭活能力增强;芽孢的初始浓度对氯灭活芽孢的效能影响不大。初始氯投量为8.30 mg·L^-1,pH=7,芽孢初始浓度10⁶ cfu·ml^-1,温度分别为5℃和25℃下,枯草芽孢杆菌对氯消毒剂的抗性强于炭疽芽孢杆菌。     

枯草芽孢杆菌AS1-296产絮凝剂条件的优化

探讨了不同碳源、氮源、培养时间、温度、初始pH和谷氨酸钠添加量对枯草芽孢杆菌AS1-296产絮凝剂条件的研究,并通过数据拟合,创建了相应的数学模型,通过求解得出最佳的培养条件。枯草芽孢杆菌AS1-296产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件为:以蔗糖为碳源,添加量为2.25%;酵母膏为氮源,添加量为0.64%;谷氨酸钠4.50%、初始pH7.1、培养温度33℃。以此条件培养枯草芽孢杆菌AS1-296产絮凝剂的絮凝率为75%以上。     

二次正交旋转组合设计优化猪源罗伊乳杆菌冷冻干燥保护剂

目的优化猪源罗伊乳杆菌冷冻干燥的保护剂配方,提高冻干后的菌体存活率。方法应用SASV8.0统计分析软件中的二次正交旋转组合设计方案,进行冷冻干燥保护剂组分配比优化的试验设计,并通过响应面法分析各因素对响应值的效应关系。应用优化的冻干保护剂配方进行3次重复冻干试验,验证预测结果的准确性。结果经优化后,保护剂各组分最佳配比为:蔗糖15%,甘油3%,山梨醇15%,脱脂乳15%。应用优化保护剂进行的3次重复冻干试验,菌体冻干存活率的平均值为71.6%,与预测值(73.6%)基本相符。结论应用二次正交旋转组合设计结合响应面法,优化了猪源罗伊乳杆菌的冷冻干燥保护剂组分。     

枯草芽孢杆菌产中性蛋白酶发酵条件的优化

选用玉米粉、豆饼粉、KH_2PO_4及Na_2HPO_4为基础配方,通过单因素实验对枯草芽孢杆菌发酵产中性蛋白酶的发酵培养基、培养条件、发酵条件进行优化。确定了优化的发酵培养基为:20g·L~(-1)甘油,30g·L~(-1)豆饼粉,2mmol·L~(-1)氯化钙,0.3g·L~(-1 )KH_2PO_4,4g·L~(-1 )Na_2HPO_4;优化的培养条件为:培养温度30℃,接种量5%。调控发酵培养基pH值7.0控制发酵,发酵24h酶活达到7 344U·mL~(-1)。进行流加甘油实验,培养温度30℃,发酵过程控制pH值7.0,调整转速和通风量控制溶氧30%～35%,接种量5%,经过30h发酵,酶活达到10 654U·mL~(-1),较未补料提高了45%。     

5％枯草芽孢杆菌油悬浮剂的研制

介绍了5%枯草芽孢杆菌油悬浮剂的配方筛选过程,确定了配制方法和较佳配方组成:枯草芽孢杆菌孢子粉5%,十二烷基苯磺酸钙类乳化剂8%,苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚类乳化剂8%,抗冻剂5%,增稠剂2%,消泡剂0.3%,植物油补足100%。经测定,该制剂在热贮(54±2)℃14d条件下,质量稳定,分解率小于5%,各项指标均符合油悬浮剂的要求。     

Activity-loss characteristics of spores of Bacillus thuringiensis during spray drying

Survival of spores of Bacillus thuringiensis was determined under various processing conditions for spray drying. The results indicated that the viable spores number of B. thuringiensis decreased with increased inlet air temperature, outlet air temperature and atomising air pressure. When the inlet air temperature ranged from 170 °C to 250 °C, the outlet air temperature (75 °C) and atomising air pressure (0.15 MPa) were fixed, the pseudo-z value (one logarithmic cycle reduction) was 238.1 °C; when the outlet air temperature ranged from 65 °C to 95 °C, the inlet air temperature (200 °C) and atomising air pressure (0.15 MPa) were fixed, the pseudo-z value was 85.5 °C, the activation energy calculated according to the outlet air temperature was 59.96 kJ mol⁻¹; when the atomising air pressure ranged from 0.10 MPa to 0.25 MPa, the inlet air temperature (200 °C) and outlet air temperature (75 °C) were fixed, the pseudo-z value was 3.49 MPa, the variance analysis showed that the atomising air pressure has no significant influence to the spores. The diluting solutions between Tween-80 solution and phosphate buffer have significant influence on the plate count of spores.

The B. thuringiensis powder prepared by spray drying with inlet air temperature 250 °C, outlet air temperature 97 °C, the spores count of powder decreased obviously. But when the inlet air temperature of 155–165 °C, outlet air temperature of 66–70 °C were employed, the spores count of powder approaches to that of freeze drying powder. The spores count of oven drying powder was lower than that of the freeze drying powder, but close to the spray drying powder which inlet air temperature was 200 °C, outlet air temperature was 75 °C.     

喷雾干燥过程工艺参数的模拟计算

对喷雾干燥的计算机模拟计算进行了初步探讨，用FORTRAN语言编制了程序，对喷雾干燥过程进行了总体衡算和微元衡算，使计算快速、准确，而且便于程序与数据管理。结果表明，计算机完全可以替代人工手算。     

Medium Optimization for Enhanced Production of Protease with Industrially Desirable Attributes from Bacillus subtilis K-1

Microbial proteases due to their huge application potential have attracted considerable research attention and account for more than 60% of the worldwide enzyme sales. However, large-scale industrial application of proteases is hindered due to their poor performance under relatively hostile industrial conditions (extremes of temperature, pH) and the high production cost. In the current study, the production of a thermostable and wide-range pH stable protease was accomplished from a newly isolated Bacillus subtilis K-1 strain using cost-effective agricultural residues. Process optimization for protease production was conducted by employing one-variable-at-a-time and statistical approaches. The most significant variables for protease production were identified as incubation time, soybean meal, mustard cake, and wheat bran. Optimization of these variables by central composite design of response surface methodology resulted in a substantial protease yield enhancement (112%). Exploitation of agricultural wastes as substrates may pave the way for cost-effective production of protease with industrially desirable attributes.     

氨基甲酸乙酯水解酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达及发酵优化

将来源于赖氨酸芽孢杆菌SC02的氨基甲酸乙酯水解酶(UH)基因在枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis WB600中进行克隆和表达,在枯草芽孢杆菌中实现了UH活性表达,在摇瓶水平通过单因素考察和响应面分析实验对氨基甲酸乙酯水解酶发酵进行优化. 结表明,酶活最高可达到14.20 U/mL,产酶最佳培养基成分为：淀粉10 g/L、磷酸氢二钾9 g/L、麦芽浸膏25 g/L、硫酸镁1 g/L、胰蛋白胨55 g/L,最适发酵温度为37℃,最佳接种量4%. 在3 L发酵罐中采用最优发酵条件,酶活在16 h达到18.03 U/mL.     

Separation of CNF agglomerates from a ceramic suspension by spray drying technique

Aqueous silicon nitride based composite suspensions with the addition of 3.1 wt% of carbon nano-fibers (CNFs) were dried using two different drying techniques: spray drying and freeze drying. The paper deals with optimisation of parameters of the spray drying processwith the aim of maximising the yield and improve the quality of the granulate. Freeze drying was selected as a reference drying method, because no powder separation can occur in the course of the process. Prepared suspensions were spray dried at 4 different temperatures: 80, 110, 140 and 180 °C. After each run, two types of granules were obtained: from the separation flask and from the product vessel. Thermo-gravimetric analysis together with SEM examination show that spray drying results in separation of CNFs agglomerates. The granules from separation flask are always enriched by CNFs agglomerates whilst the granules from product vessel have reduced content of CNFs agglomerates. Sintering of spray-dried granules from the product vessel resulted in the composite with uniform microstructure, low amount of CNFs agglomerates and high relative density.     

Optimization of spray freeze drying parameters for spark plasma sintering of transparent MgAl2O4 spinel

Magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl₂O₄) is considered as one of the most important spinels possessing desirable mechanical properties, with a wide range of applications at high temperatures. Powder granulation by spray freeze drying can lead to better powder flow and distribution in the mold, resulting in a specimen with high green density and strength. Accordingly, this study aimed at investigating the influential parameters on the granulation process of spinel powders via the spray freezing drying method. At first, spinel powders with various weight percents of 20, 25, 30, 35 and 50, and PVA binders with 0, 1, 2 and 8 wt% were investigated to prepare the optimal solution. Finally, the granules were sintered using the SPS method. The obtained bodies were tested by X-ray diffraction, SEM, FE-SEM, Viscosity and UV–Vis. The results showed that the optimal amount of the binder to obtain uniform granules in this process was 3%. Also, 35 wt% of solid loads represented the optimum amount for slurries, forming granules with the size range of 10–50 μm. By powder granulation, density experienced an increase of about 20%, leading to the growth of more than 15% in the in-line transmission for the IR range.