低信噪比下的数字调制信号自动识别

提出了一种基于神经网络的数字调制信号识别。首先利用升余弦滤波器滤波,然后提取了5个用于识别的特征参数,利用神经网络分类器进行数字凋制识别。神经网络分类器采用了多层组合的神经网络分类器,不需要设定判决门限,而且在收敛速度、训练时间以及识别率方商都有很大改进。仿真结果表明,在信噪比大于4dB时,系统的正确识别率可达95％以上。这种低信噪比下快速有效的调制识别方法易于实时应用和工程实现。     

反加窗算法及其在扩频系统窄带干扰抑制中的应用

为了证明反加窗算法是一种完全重构算法,将完全不同的反加窗算法和重叠加窗算法合并为相同的信噪比数学模型,分析了反加窗算法;通过建立等效模型,用信号重构理论推导出等效模型的信噪比损失,证明了反加窗算法是一种完全重构算法,提出了反加窗算法只有在信号不完全重构的条件下才需要使用的观点。在直接序列扩频系统中,通过对布莱克曼窗和汉宁窗的对比,在窄带噪声干扰下仿真误码率,证明了该文结论的正确性,并提出了干扰抑制方案。     

Neural Network Image Reconstruction for Magnetic Particle Imaging

We investigate neural network image reconstruction for magnetic particle imaging. The network performance strongly depends on the convolution effects of the spectrum input data. The larger convolution effect appearing at a relatively smaller nanoparticle size obstructs the network training. The trained single‐layer network reveals the weighting matrix consisting of a basis vector in the form of Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind. The weighting matrix corresponds to an inverse system matrix, where an incoherency of basis vectors due to low convolution effects, as well as a nonlinear activation function, plays a key role in retrieving the matrix elements. Test images are well reconstructed through trained networks having an inverse kernel matrix. We also confirm that a multi‐layer network with one hidden layer improves the performance. Based on the results, a neural network architecture overcoming the low incoherence of the inverse kernel through the classification property is expected to become a better tool for image reconstruction.     

利用多尺度卷积神经网络的图像超分辨率算法

单幅图像超分辨率问题是典型的图像反问题。近年来深度学习广泛应用于图像超分辨率重建。为提高超分辨率算法的性能,本文利用多尺度和残差训练的思想,提出一种利用多尺度卷积神经网络的图像超分辨率算法。该算法采用多尺度的卷积核及收缩--扩展的网络结构来提取图像多尺度的信息,并在网络结构中使用跳跃连接,以便更好的传递信息并弥补由于使用下采样和上采样而造成的图像细节信息的损失,来提高图像的重建质量。通过与其它算法的对比实验表明了本文算法不仅可以取得更好的性能,并且训练的收敛速度较快。      

Automatic modulation classification based on AlexNet with data augmentation

Deep learning (DL) requires massive volume of data to train the network. Insufficient training data will cause serious overfitting problem and degrade the classification accuracy. In order to solve this problem, a method for automatic modulation classification ( AMC) using AlexNet with data augmentation was proposed. Three data augmentation methods is considered, i. e. , random erasing, CutMix, and rotation. Firstly, modulated signals are converted into constellation representations. And all constellation representations are divided into training dataset and test dataset. Then, training dataset are augmented by three methods. Secondly, the optimal value of execution probability for random erasing and CutMix are determined. Simulation results show that both of them perform optimally when execution probability is 0.5. Thirdly, the performance of three data augmentation methods are evaluated. Simulation results demonstrate that all augmentation methods can improve the classification accuracy. Rotation improves the classification accuracy by 13.04% when signal noise ratio (SNR) is 2 dB. Among three methods, rotation outperforms random erasing and CutMix when SNR is greater than - 6 dB. Finally, compared with other classification algorithms, random erasing, CutMix, and rotation used in this paper achieved the performance significantly improved. It is worth mentioning that the classification accuracy can reach 90.5% with SNR at 10 dB.     

基于领域自适应的动态噪声辐射源个体识别

现有基于深度神经网络的辐射源识别算法受训练场景限制,当待测信号与训练数据集的信道环境噪声不一致时,网络的识别性能严重退化.为了克服该问题,本文提出一种基于迁移学习的辐射源个体识别算法.该算法结合领域自适应的思想,建立优化模型将不同信噪比下信号的特征对齐,使在特定信噪比下训练的神经网络学习到与信道噪声无关的射频指纹特征,...     

基于并行BP神经网络的近红外光断层图像重建方法基础研究

提出一种基于并行BP神经网络的近红外光断层成像(Near-infrared optical tomography,NIR OT)图像重建算法,利用BP神经网络来表征生物组织内部光学参数的空间分布和边界光强之间的非线性映射关系.该方法将一个复杂的模型分解成简单的模型分别建立并行的神经网络.利用Femlab软件完成基于有限元的稳态扩散方程的两个简单模型的正向问题求解,根据提出的平均优化散射系数和正向问题训练的大量数据集合,建立并训练并行神经网络,通过对两个网络结果的分析,实现快速获得更复杂模型的光学参数的重构.算法能够快速识别特异组织的位置和准确反映热疗过程中生物组织的优化散射系数的变化趋势.     

基于短时迭代自适应-逆Radon变换的微多普勒提取方法

对于频率交叠严重且频率成分接近的多分量信号,常用的短时傅里叶变换(Short Time Fourier Transform,STFT)和S方法(S-Method,SM)频率分辨能力不足,重构精度低.针对该问题,本文结合逆Radon变换提出了基于短时迭代自适应-逆Radon变换(Short Time Iterative Adaptive Approach-Inverse Radon Transform,STIAA-IRT)的微多普勒特征提取方法.首先采用基于加权迭代自适应的STIAA时频分析方法分析了散射点模型的微多普勒特性,然后利用逆Radon变换分离重构不同散射点的微多普勒分量.该方法在低信噪比、邻近时频分布情况下能获得高分辨的多分量信号的完整微多普勒信息,性能分析显示STIAA-IRT重构精度较高,明显优于STFT-IRT (Short Time Fourier Transform-Inverse Radon Transform)和SM-IRT (S-Method-Inverse Radon Transform)特征提取方法.     

用BP神经网络技术重构介质圆柱体电磁参数

将BP神经网络技术应用于介质圆柱体电磁逆散射问题研究,通过BP神经网络将原逆散射问题转化为一个回归估计问题.设置多个目标散射场观测点,分别以目标不同的电磁参数及其响应下的散射电场的幅值作为BP网络的输出与输入,采用L-M训练算法,经过适当的训练,建立起逆散射模型,再以新的散射电场作为输入,实时重构了自由空间及半空间介质圆柱体的相对介电常数和电导率.数值结果显示了该方法的有效性及准确性,为目标的实时逆散射研究提供了一种高效的方法.     

An algorithm using projection onto subspace of prior distributions for long-wavelength sound wave CT

The stationary long-wavelength sound wave computed tomography is a nonlinear inverse problem that requires the use of prior information of the object. However, the prior assumptions that are usually used in similar inverse problems are more or less inappropriate. In this paper, a new reconstruction algorithm using the prior information is proposed and compared with subspace regularization method and Marquardt reconstruction algorithms. The simulation shows that the proposed algorithm can give a better reconstructed result whether the actual distribution is compatible or incompatible with the prior distributions.     

Adaptive neural network control of robot manipulators in task space

In this paper, the adaptive neural network control of robot manipulators in the task space is considered. The controller is developed based on a neural network modeling technique which neither requires the evaluation of inverse dynamical model nor the time-consuming training process. It is shown that, if Gaussian radial basis function networks are used, uniformly stable adaptation is assured and asymptotically tracking is achieved. The controller thus obtained does not require the inverse of the Jacobian matrix. In addition, robust control can be easily incorporated to suppress the neural network modeling errors and the bounded disturbances. Numerical simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of the approach     

基于深度神经网络的正交频分复用波形外辐射源雷达参考信号重构

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)波形外辐射源雷达的参考信号获取问题,基于“解调-再调制”的重构方法结合了波形优势,能获得更为纯净的参考信号。该文在此基础上提出一种联合OFDM解调、信道估计、信道均衡和星座点逆映射的深度神经网络(DNN)重构方法,建立了基于DNN的参考信号重构方案,通过网络学习自适应深度挖掘从时域接收符号到传输码元之间的映射关系、隐式地估计信道响应,从而提高解调精度和重构性能。该文首先研究了仿真数据集的获取问题、DNN的搭建和训练问题,接着对基于DNN方法在导频数目减少、循环前缀的移除、存在符号定时偏差、存在载波频偏、对高峰值平均功率比信号进行时域加窗滤波等情况下的参考信号重构性能进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明该方法对参考信号重构的有效性。     

Neural Network Inverse Modeling and Applications to Microwave Filter Design

In this paper, systematic neural network modeling techniques are presented for microwave modeling and design using the concept of inverse modeling where the inputs to the inverse model are electrical parameters and outputs are geometrical parameters. Training the neural network inverse model directly may become difficult due to the nonuniqueness of the input-output relationship in the inverse model. We propose a new method to solve such a problem by detecting multivalued solutions in training data. The data containing multivalued solutions are divided into groups according to derivative information using a neural network forward model such that individual groups do not have the problem of multivalued solutions. Multiple inverse models are built based on divided data groups, and are then combined to form a complete model. A comprehensive modeling methodology is proposed, which includes direct inverse modeling, segmentation, derivative division, and model combining techniques. The methodology is applied to waveguide filter modeling and more accurate results are achieved compared to the direct neural network inverse modeling method. Full electromagnetic simulation and measurement results of Ku-band circular waveguide dual-mode pseudoelliptic bandpass filters are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed neural network inverse modeling methodology.     

基于迭代多尺度深度网络的非线性逆散射成像方法

传统的迭代多尺度方法 (iterative multiscaling approach, IMA)在求解非线性电磁场逆散射问题时,可以自适应提高成像空间的分辨率,缓解逆问题的病态性,但容易陷入局部极小值且无法做到实时重构.文中提出了一种迭代多尺度深度网络,该网络结合传统IMA和深度网络的优势,将IMA展开成深度网络模型（命名为IMA-Net）.该方法迭代地执行一种感兴趣区域(regions of interest, ROI)提取算法,在不同尺度的ROI内构建目标函数,并将目标函数分解成若干个优化子问题,子问题的迭代更新过程映射到深度网络结构中,交替更新相关分量,求解出目标函数的最优值.实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和优越性,为目标实时重构提供了一个有效方案.     

基于随机平均梯度下降和对比源反演的非线性逆散射算法研究

传统的迭代多尺度方法(iterative multiscaling approach, IMA)在求解非线性电磁场逆散射问题时,可以自适应提高成像空间的分辨率,缓解逆问题的病态性,但容易陷入局部极小值且无法做到实时重构。文中提出了一种迭代多尺度深度网络,该网络结合传统IMA和深度网络的优势,将IMA展开成深度网络模型（命名为IMA-Net）. 该方法迭代地执行一种感兴趣区域(regions of interest, ROI)提取算法,在不同尺度的ROI内构建目标函数,并将目标函数分解成若干个优化子问题,子问题的迭代更新过程映射到深度网络结构中,交替更新相关分量,求解出目标函数的最优值. 实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和优越性,为目标实时重构提供了一个有效方案.     

Making sense of a complex world [chaotic events modeling]

Addresses the identification of nonlinear systems from output time series, which we have called dynamic modeling. We start by providing the mathematical basis for dynamic modeling and show that it is equivalent to a multivariate nonlinear prediction problem in the reconstructed space. We address the importance of dynamic reconstruction for dynamic modeling. Recognizing that dynamic reconstruction is an ill-defined inverse problem, we describe a regularized radial basis function network for solving the dynamic reconstruction problem. Prior knowledge in the form of smoothness of the mapping is imposed on the solution via regularization. We also show that, in time-series analysis, some form of regularization can be accomplished by using the structure of the time series instead of imposing a smoothness constraint on the cost function. We develop a methodology based on iterated prediction to train the network weights with an error derived through trajectory learning. This method provides a robust performance because during learning the weights are constrained to follow a trajectory. The dynamic invariants estimated from the generated time series are similar to the ones estimated from the original time series, which means that the properties of the attractor have been captured by the neural network. We finally raise the question that generalized delay operators may have advantages in dynamic reconstruction, primarily in cases where the time series is corrupted by noise. We show how to set the recursive parameter of the gamma operator to attenuate noise and preserve the dynamics     

Regularized image reconstruction using SVD and a neural networkmethod for matrix inversion

Two methods of matrix inversion are compared for use in an image reconstruction algorithm. The first is based on energy minimization using a Hopfield neural network. This is compared with the inverse obtained using singular value decomposition (SVD). It is shown for a practical example that the neural network provides a more useful and robust matrix inverse     

正则化一步动态重建算法在磁感应成像中的应用

磁感应成像是对生物组织的电导率进行图像重建的一种方法,高斯牛顿方法通过不断迭代并重新计算灵敏度矩阵进行非线性图像重建,精度高但耗时较长.结合正则化技术,提出高斯牛顿一步动态重建算法,通过实验获得了相关参数的最优解.基于正问题的数学模型,建立磁感应成像测量模型,利用有限元方法求解,所得到的灵敏度矩阵和磁矢势应用于逆问题中...     

稀疏孔径和大转角下ISAR对目标转动的估计

逆合成孔径雷达（inverse synthetic aperture radar，ISAR）对非合作目标做成像时图像质量依赖于对目标运动参数的准确估计.针对在稀疏孔径和非均匀转动条件下现存的参数估计方法计算量过大或者方法适用条件不满足，提出了一种基于神经网络的参数估计方法.此方法以成像问题的模型知识指导数据的生成过程，然后训练通用的神经网络，最终实现将数据中隐含的知识转化为转动估计器.从仿真实验结果来看，所得到的网络对满足一定信噪比要求的回波数据可以提供较准确的估计，所得参数可以帮助成像算法提高聚焦效果，大量的样例表明网络可以部分学习到回波与转动之间的关系.     

基于压缩感知的宽带成像雷达Chirp信号回波的压缩和重构

针对宽带成像雷达chirp信号回波按照带通采样定理采样得到的数据量大所导致的存储压力大的问题,本文提出基于压缩感知的chirp信号回波压缩和重构方法,首先就回波是否可压缩,利用chirplet变换分析了chirp信号回波的稀疏性,在信号稀疏的基础上,应用chirplet变换给出了可应用于压缩感知的稀疏字典及其简化形式,并证明了所给出的简化形式稀疏字典满足信号重构的条件。最后给出了回波的压缩和重构方法并结合ISAR成像进行了数字实验,先在目标转动加平动模型下,进行了数据的压缩和重构,通过比较重构信号和原信号的时域波形、高分辨距离像和ISAR成像结果,验证了本文的方法。最后仿真分析了重构误差随信噪比的变化曲线,说明了本文的方法对信噪比的要求。