Ba_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)Fe_(0.9)Sn_(0.1)O_3添加对BaCo_(0.02)~ⅡCo_(0.04)~ⅢBi_(0.94)O_3热敏厚膜电学性能的影响

采用丝印法在铝基板上制备具有低室温电阻率、适中热敏常数的负温度系数BaCo_(0.02)~ⅡCo_(0.04)~ⅢBi_(0.94)O_3/Ba_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)Fe_(0.9)Sn_(0.1)O_3复合热敏厚膜。采用数字多用表、吉时利2400和阻抗分析仪对热敏厚膜的电学性能进行表征。结果表明:随着Ba_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)Fe_(0.9)Sn_(0.1)O_3含量从0.05增加至0.25,厚膜的室温电阻率、热敏常数和峰值电压均有所增加且分别处于1.47~26.5Ω·cm、678~1345 K和18.9~47.0V范围内,厚膜峰值电压对应的电流也有所降低且处于40~240 mA范围。阻抗谱测试表明,这些热敏厚膜表现出非正常的异质电学微结构行为,由高阻态的晶粒和较低电阻态的晶界区域构成。由此可知,在BaCo_(0.02)~ⅡCo_(0.04)~ⅢBi_(0.94)O_3中添加Ba_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)Fe_(0.9)Sn_(0.1)O_3改善了热敏行为但也恶化了电流特征.     

0.2Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.8Pb(Zr0.5,Ti0.5)O3（1-x）(Ni51.5Mn25Ga23.5)x固溶体系磁电性能研究

采用传统的固相烧结法合成了0.2Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.8Pb(Zr0.5,Ti0.5)O3(1-x)(Ni51.5Mn25Ga23.5)x复合体系陶瓷。XRD结果表明,随着Ni51.5Mn25Ga23.5(NMG)掺入,Ni51.5Mn25Ga23.5先溶于0.2Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.8Pb(Zr0.5,Ti0.5)O3中,后NMG量超过5%不溶于复合体系中,使得0.2Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.8Pb(Zr0.5,Ti0.5)O3的峰位向右偏移;铁电性能测试结果表明,0.2Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.8Pb(Zr0.5,Ti0.5)O3(1-x)(Ni51.5Mn25Ga23.5)x复合体系陶瓷随着Ni51.5Mn25Ga23.5的掺入量的增加矫顽场E先降低后增加,剩余极化强度Pr逐渐降低,这与XRD的测试结果相一致;磁性测试结果表明,0.2Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.8Pb(Zr0.5,Ti0.5)O3(1-x)(Ni51.5Mn25Ga23.5)x随着Ni51.5Mn25Ga23.5掺入量的增加,以独立相析出在复合体系中,剩余磁化强度Mr逐渐增大。     

Fe置换YMnO_3多铁性材料的磁性能研究

采用传统固相反应法制备了单相的YMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_3多铁性粉体和陶瓷,并对二者的磁性能和其中磁性离子价态分布进行了研究。结果表明,预烧后的YMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O)3粉体室温下具有弱铁磁性,而经高温烧结后制得陶瓷的室温弱铁磁性消失,表现为顺磁性。X射线光电子能谱分析结果表明,YMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O)3粉体经高温烧结后,Fe2+离子含量降低,导致Fe~(2+)-O-Fe~(3+)铁磁交换作用减弱。此外,YMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O)3陶瓷中较高的氧空位含量引起Fe~(2+)-O-Fe~(3+)+和Mn~(3+)-O-Mn~(4+)铁磁交换作用减弱,导致材料室温磁性降低。     

Ce掺杂0.9Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)-0.1K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3铋层状压电陶瓷结构与性能研究（英文）

采用传统固相法制备了CeO_2掺杂0.9Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)-0.1K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3(BTO-KNN)铋层状陶瓷材料。系统研究了CeO_2掺杂对BTO-KNN基陶瓷物相结构、微观结构以及电性能的影响。结果表明:所有陶瓷样品均为单一的铋层状结构:BTO-KNN基陶瓷的压电性能随着CeO_2的掺杂而显著提高,损耗明显降低。当CeO_2掺量为0.75%(质量分数)时,样品具有最佳的电性能:d_(33)=28 pC/N,介电损耗tanδ=0.29%,机械品质因数Q_m=2897,剩余极化强度P_r=11.83μC/cm~2,且居里温度T_c高达615℃;研究结果表明CeO_2掺杂0.9Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)-0.1K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3铋层状陶瓷是一种潜在的高温陶瓷材料。     

BiFeO_3-BaTiO_3-LaFeO_3三元多铁性陶瓷材料的制备及性能

采用固相法制备了1-x(0.71BiFeO_3-0.29B aTiO_3)-xLaFeO_3 (x=0.0,0.1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0.5)三元多铁性陶瓷材料,并研究了LaFeO_3含量对陶瓷物相结构、微观组织、电学性能和磁电耦合性能的影响。结果显示,所有陶瓷均为单一钙钛矿结构,但随LaFeO_3含量的增加,伴随着结构相变。所得陶瓷晶粒尺寸均匀,表现出良好的微观形貌,陶瓷晶粒随LaFeO_3含量的增加而明显变小。虽然LaFeO_3的加入在一定程度上降低了陶瓷的介电常数,但分析发现,x=0.1时能降低陶瓷的漏导,其漏电流达到了最小值,在10~(-7)～10~(-8) A/cm~2数量级,并且该陶瓷的剩余极化强度P_r和磁电耦合系数α_(ME)均达到最大值,分别为0.45μC/cm~2和132.21 mV/cm·Oe (120 kHz)。因此,与0.71BiFeO_3-0.29BaTiO_3陶瓷相比,添加少量LaFeO_3可以在一定程度上增加陶瓷的铁电性和磁电耦合性能。     

单晶体Cd1-xMnxTe中的法拉第旋转

室温下测量了本实验室生长的Cd0.8Mn0.2Te和Cd0.9Mn0.1Te单晶体的法拉第旋转谱.通过提高布里渊区中心L点的能隙值(E1)改进了法拉第旋转的多振子模型.用改进的模型拟合实验结果,得到Cd0.8Mn0.2Te和Cd0.9Mn0.1Te单晶体布里渊区中心F点的能隙值(E0)分别为1.804 eV和1.667 eV.该E0值比以往任何研究都更接近于计算值.     

BiFeO3-BaTiO3-LaFeO3三元多铁性陶瓷材料的制备及性能

采用固相法制备了1-x(0.71BiFeO3-0.29B aTiO3)-xLaFeO3 (x=0.0,0.1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0.5)三元多铁性陶瓷材料,并研究了LaFeO3含量对陶瓷物相结构、微观组织、电学性能和磁电耦合性能的影响。结果显示,所有陶瓷均为单一钙钛矿结构,但随LaFeO3含量的增加,伴随着结构相变。所得陶瓷晶粒尺寸均匀,表现出良好的微观形貌,陶瓷晶粒随LaFeO3含量的增加而明显变小。虽然LaFeO3的加入在一定程度上降低了陶瓷的介电常数,但分析发现,x=0.1时能降低陶瓷的漏导,其漏电流达到了最小值,在10-7~10-8 A/cm2数量级,并且该陶瓷的剩余极化强度Pr和磁电耦合系数αME均达到最大值,分别为0.45μC/cm2和132.21 mV/cm·Oe (120 kHz)。因此,与0.71BiFeO3-0.29BaTiO3陶瓷相比,添加少量LaFeO3可以在一定程度上增加陶瓷的铁电性和磁电耦合性能。     

Al2O3型壳与DD6单晶合金的界面反应

采用SEM、EDS、XRD等手段研究了DD6单晶合金与陶瓷型壳的界面反应。结果表明,DD6高温合金与Al_2O_3型壳的黑色界面反应产物主要是α-Al_2O_3,并伴有FeCr_2O_4、(Fe,Ni)固溶体等多种成分相,界面反应层的厚度一般为5～6μm;界面反应后陶瓷型壳内表面出现了TaO、NiO、HfO_2等多种反应产物;降低表面粗糙度、控制型壳矿化剂中的Fe_2O_3杂质含量,能够有效抑制界面反应的产生。     

Fe_2O_3掺杂对TiO_2-Ta_2O_5基压敏陶瓷显微结构和电性能的影响

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备得到了掺杂不同含量Fe_2O_3(0 mol%~0.1 mol%)的TiO_2-Ta_2O_5基压敏陶瓷,并研究了Fe_2O_3添加量对TiO_2-Ta_2O_5基压敏陶瓷组成和结构的影响。实验结果表明,掺杂的Fe_2O_3可以进入Ti O2晶格中,且在样品中没有观察到第二相。电流-电压(I-V)特性曲线测试表明,TiO_2-Ta_2O_5基压敏陶瓷非线性系数随着Fe_2O_3掺杂量的增加略微下降,从3.9下降到3.6;压敏电压随着Fe_2O_3掺杂量的增加而增大,从23 V/mm增大到229 V/mm。     

Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn（1.8—x）MxV0.2（M=Ni,Cr;x=0,0.2）合金的贮氢性能

研究了Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn(1.8-x)MxV0.2(M=Ni,Cr;x=0,0.2)合金的晶体结构与贮氢性能。结果表明,Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn1.6Ni0.2V0.2和Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn1.6Cr0.2V0.2的贮氢量达到240mL/g。合金的主相均为C14 Laves相,镍,铬的取代使点阵常数和晶胞体积增大,P－C－T曲线的滞后降低,压力平台的倾斜度增加。     

Mechanochemical synthesis of Al2O3-TiB2 nanocomposite powder from Al-TiO2-H3BO3 mixture

Alumina-titanium diboride nanocomposite (Al₂O₃-TiB₂) was produced using mixtures of titanium dioxide, acid boric and pure aluminum as raw materials via mechanochemical process. The phase transformation and structural characterization during mechanochemical process were utilized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analyses (TG-DTA) techniques. A thermodynamic appraisal showed that the reaction between TiO₂, B₂O₃ and Al is highly exothermic and should be self-sustaining. XRD analyses exhibited that the Al₂O₃-TiB₂ nanocomposite was formed after 1.5 h milling time. The results indicate that increasing milling time up to 40 h had no significant effect other than refining the crystallite size.     

Effect of Bi2O3 on structure and wetting studies of Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3 glasses

Glasses with different Bi₂O₃ contents (37-42 mol%) have been prepared by conventional melt quench technique. The IR and Raman studies indicate that these glasses are made up of [BiO₆], [BiO₃], [BO₃] and [BO₄] basic structural units. The vibrations of [BiO₃] and [BO₃] become stronger as the content of Bi₂O₃ increases, which makes glass structure loosened. Viscosity of the glasses was measured by using a Rheotronic III paralleled plate rheometry, which shows that the viscosity of glass samples decreased when the content of Bi₂O₃ increased at the same temperature (400-460 °C). The temperature range which suits for glasses sealing was calculated by using the approximation of Arrhenian behaviour. The wetting performance of Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃ glasses was described by using high-temperature microscope, which also proves that the structure of investigated Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃ glasses become loosened due to the increasing of the content of Bi₂O₃.     

Preparation and characteristic of spherical Li3V2(PO4)3

Spherical Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by using N₂H₄ as reducer. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that single-phase, spherical and well-dispersed Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been successfully synthesized in our experimental process. Electrochemical behaviors have been characterized by charge/discharge measurements. The initial discharge capacities of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ were 123 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 132 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V.     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.     

国外多孔基体氧化铝/氧化铝复合材料工程应用进展

氧化铝/氧化铝复合材料(Al2O3/Al2O3)是20世纪90年代兴起的一类连续陶瓷纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料,已经发展为与SiC/SiC、C/SiC等非氧化物陶瓷基复合材料并列的一类陶瓷基复合材料。与非氧化物陶瓷基复合材料相比,Al2O3/Al2O3具有长时抗氧化、高温耐腐蚀、低成本等独特优势,已经在航空发动机、地面燃气轮机等军民两用热结构材料领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文从材料应用的角度出发,系统分析阐述了目前在Al2O3/Al2O3占主导地位的多孔基体Al2O3/Al2O3(P-Al2O3/Al2O3)的增韧机制、成型工艺和性能特点,重点归纳了国外近年来P-Al2O3/Al2O3的工程化应用进展及前景,最后指出了P-Al2O3/Al2O3存在的局限性并展望了未来发展方向,旨在为国内Al2O3/Al2O3体系发展提供借鉴和参考。     

Sol-gel synthesis of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 nanotubes

Ferroelectric Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT) nanotubes were synthesized by sol-gel technique using nanochannel porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). BLT nanotubes with diameter of around 240 nm and the wall thickness of about 25 nm exhibited a single orthorhombic perovskite structure and highly preferential crystal growth along the [1 1 7] orientation, which have smooth wall morphologies and well-defined diameters corresponding to the diameter of the applied template. The formation mechanism of BLT nanotubes was discussed.     

Magnetic properties of Al2O3-Cr2O3 solid solutions

Solid solution ceramics (Al₂O₃)_x(Cr₂O₃)_1−x with different x in the range of 0 < x < 1 were synthesized via traditional ceramic production method. X-ray diffraction results and Rietveld refinements indicated that all samples possessed rhomb-centered structure and continuous solid solutions were synthesized. The samples were composed of irregular grains with several micrometers in diameter. Temperature dependence of magnetization measurements showed monotonous decreasing Néel temperature with increasing x and percolation effect happened with threshold of x = 0.65. As x became higher, weak ferromagnetism was observed in the samples. Field dependence of magnetization measurements further confirmed the weak ferromagnetism in the samples with x = 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9.     

激光熔覆Ni3Al/Cr3C2复合材料耐磨性能研究

采用激光熔覆技术在304不锈钢基板上制备了Ni_3Al合金和Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2(25%,质量分数)复合材料耐磨涂层,分析了Ni_3Al合金和Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明,Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层显微组织由基体γ'-Ni_3Al相和原位自生M_7C_3(M=Cr,Fe)型碳化物组成,且细小M_7C_3弥散分布于γ'-Ni_3Al基体。与Ni_3Al合金熔覆层相比较,Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层显微硬度提高了约4000 MPa。650℃时,Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层磨损量仅为对比材料蠕墨铸铁的28%左右,表明Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2复合材料熔覆层具有良好的耐磨性能。     

Synthesis and characterization of Y3Al5O12 and ZrO2-Y2O3 thermal barrier coatings by combustion spray pyrolysis

Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ (8 mol% YSZ) coatings for potential application as thermal barrier coatings were prepared by combustion spray pyrolysis. Thermal cycling of as deposited coatings on stainless steel and FeCrAlY bond coat substrates was carried out at 1000 °C and 1200 °C to determine the thermal fatigue response. Structural and morphological studies on Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ coatings before and after thermal cycling have been carried out. It has been noted that the coatings on FeCrAlY substrates remain intact after 50 cycles between room temperature and 1200 °C, whereas the coatings on stainless steel show some minor damage such as peeling off near the periphery after 50 cycles at 1000 °C. Thermal diffusivity values of Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ films were measured by using photo thermal deflection spectroscopy and the values are lower than those of coatings produced by conventional techniques such as EBPVD and APS.