基于PCNN的多尺度对比度塔图像融合算法

基于脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)的基本原理,提出了一种新型的图像融合算法。新算法在对源图像进行多尺度对比度金字塔分解的基础上,将多尺度对比度金字塔作为PCNN的输入,利用PCNN的全局耦合特性和脉冲同步特性进行对比度选择以实现图像融合。新算法利用了源图像的全局特征,符合人的视觉神经系统的生理学特性,实验结果表明了新型融合算法的有效性。     

基于小波变换的自适应脉冲耦合神经网络图像融合

针对同一场景多聚焦图像的融合问题,提出了一种基于小波变换的自适应脉冲耦合神经网络（PCNN）图像融合方法。首先,对源图像进行小波分解,得到不同尺度下的子带图像;然后,在小波域中利用PCNN的同步脉冲激发特性,制定基于PCNN的融合规则;使用不同尺度下的小波系数的拉普拉斯能量（EOL）作为对应神经元的链接强度,经过PCNN点火得到源图像在小波域中的点火映射图;通过判决选择算子,选择点火次数多的小波系数作为对应的融合系数,然后进行区域一致性检验,获到最终的融合系数;最后,对融合后的系数进行小波逆变换得到融合图像。实验结果表明,该方法更有效地提取原始图像的特征信息,提高融合图像的视觉效果,在主观视觉效果与客观性能指标上均优于传统的图像融合方法。     

自适应PCNN的形态小波多聚焦图像融合方法

为了解决传统形态小波图像融合方法在重构尺度信号时发生了位置错误和重构细节信号时发生了灰度值下溢的不足,提出一种有效的基于自适应脉冲耦合神经网络（PCNN）的形态小波多聚焦图像融合方法。通过形态小波对已配准的源图像进行分解;提出一种自适应的PCNN,用分解系数的改进拉普拉斯能量和（SML）作为PCNN对应神经元的反馈输入,用图像的清晰度作为对应神经元的连接强度,经过PCNN点火获得参与融合系数的点火映射图,通过判决选择算子指导系数的融合;经过形态小波逆变换得到融合图像。实验结果表明,该算法的融合图像具有良好的视觉效果及较高客观评价指标。     

基于改进LP变换及自适应PCNN的多聚焦图像融合方法

提出一种抗噪声多聚焦图像融合方法.首先,采用改进拉普拉斯金字塔（LP）变换构造图像的塔形数据结构.每层数据经脉冲耦合神经网络（PCNN）迭代运算生成相应的点火次数矩阵;然后,以此为依据经判决算子完成数据融合;最后,采用伪逆重构算法生成融合图像.实验结果表明,所提出的方法具有抗加性噪声及JPEG压缩系统噪声的能力,融合图像的客观评价指标较高,且能有效减弱原LP算法融合图像边缘的＂Gibss＂伪影现象.     

一种新的结合NSCT和PCNN的图像融合方法

考虑到小波变换存在一些局限性,提出一种把非下采样Contourlet变换(NSCT)与脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)相结合的图像融合新方法。用NSCT变换从多尺度和多方向上分解配准后的原始图像。低频应用改进的边缘能量结合空间频率的融合方法;高频应用PCNN简化数学模型,其链接强度用改进的拉普拉斯能量和表示。并且选择点火映射图的点火次数与其标准差相结合的方法。最后经过NSCT逆变换得出融合图像。实验分析可知,与其他几种图像融合方法进行比较,新方法取得了更高质量的融合图像。     

多目标粒子群优化PCNN参数的图像融合算法

目的 脉冲耦合神经网络（PCNN）在图像融合上往往因为参数设置问题而达不到最佳效果,为了提高图像融合的质量,提出了一种基于多目标粒子群优化PCNN参数的图像融合算法。方法 首先用多目标粒子群对PCNN模型参数进行优化得到最优PCNN参数模型,然后利用双复树小波（DTCWT）对图像多尺度分解,将高频分量通过优化好的PCNN模型进行高频融合,低频分量通过拉普拉斯分量绝对和（SML）来进行低频融合,最后通过DTCWT逆变换实现图像的融合。结果 分别与DTCWT,拉普拉斯金字塔变换（LP）以及非下采样Contourlet变换（NSCT）进行实验对比,融合图像Clock,Lab的融合结果在客观指标上的互信息（8.062 3,7.908 5）、图像的品质因数（0.716 2,0.714 2）和标准差（51.213,47.671）都优于其他方法,熵和其他方法差不多,融合结果能够获得更好的视觉效果以及较大的互信息值和边缘信息保留值。结论 该方法有较好融合图像的能力,可适用于计算机视觉、医学、遥感等领域。     

NSCT域内结合相位一致性激励PCNN的多聚焦图像融合

针对传统脉冲耦合神经网络（PCNN）无法准确提取多聚焦图像聚焦区域的问题,提出一种利用相位一致性（PC）来检测图像清晰区域,并结合PCNN的多聚焦图像融合算法。首先,利用非下采样轮廓波变换（NSCT）对源图像进行多尺度分解,分别得到图像的高频子带和低频子带;其次,通过计算高频系数的空间频率值（SF）与低频系数的相位一致性值来提取图像高低频子带中的聚焦区域;然后,将SF与PC作为PCNN外部激励来刺激PCNN神经元点火,分别对图像高低频系数进行融合;最后,利用逆NSCT得到最终融合图像。实验采取多聚焦图像Clock、Pepsi和Lab作为三组实验数据集,与传统融合算法及新近提出的几种算法进行对比,所提算法的客观评价参数：互信息、边缘信息度、信息熵、标准差和平均梯度的数值均大于或十分接近于对比算法的最大值;同时从实验结果图与源图像的差值图中可以发现所提算法的差值图包含源图像清晰区域的痕迹明显更少。实验结果表明所提算法能更加准确地提取出图像的清晰区域,更好地保留图像的边缘与纹理等细节信息,得到更好的融合效果。     

基于SML和PCNN的NSCT域多聚焦图像融合

针对融合规则带来的虚假边缘、伪影等问题,提出了改进拉普拉斯能量和(Sum-modified Laplacian,SML)和脉冲耦合神经网络(Pulse Coupled Neural Network,PCNN)相结合的非下采样Contourlet变换(Non-Sampled Con-tourlet Transform,NSCT)域融合方法。首先,采用NSCT将每幅源图像分解成包含基本信息的低频子带图像和多幅包含细节信息的带通子带图像。然后,计算各尺度分解图像的SML值,根据值的大小对低频子带图像各像素点进行像素选择。对于带通子带部分,将计算的SML作为PCNN的输入激励,PCNN输出的点火映射图用来选择各子带图像的像素值。最后,将处理后的各子带系数进行NSCT重构得到融合图像。实验结果表明,此算法能很好地改善融合图像的聚焦清晰度,并且与现有的SIDWT,DTCWT,NSCT以及基于PCNN的融合方法相比,所提算法在互信息量、结构相似度以及边缘信息保留量等客观指标方面得到了提高。     

基于小波变换的PCNN多传感器图像融合

利用PCNN（Pulse Coupled Neural Network）在图像处理中的独特优势,提出了一种基于小波变换的PCNN多传感器图像融合方法。对源图像进行小波分解,得到不同尺度下的子带图像;在小波域中利用PCNN的同步脉冲激发特性,制定基于PCNN的融合规则;使用不同尺度下的小波系数的SF（Spatial Frequency）作为对应神经元的链接强度,经过PCNN点火得到源图像在小波域中的点火映射图;通过判决选择算子,选择点火次数多的小波系数作为对应的融合系数,进行区域一致性检验,获到最终的融合系数;对融合后的系数进行小波逆变换得到融合图像。实验结果表明,该方法有效地综合源图像中的重要信息,得到更好视觉效果和更优量化指标的融合图像,在主客观评价上均优于小波、PCNN等方法。     

利用邻域激励的自适应PCNN进行医学图像融合*

对于不同模态的医学图像进行融合处理,可为临床提供新的诊断信息,设计了一种邻域空间频域激励的自适应PCNN医学图像融合新方法.首先,使用图像逐像素地改进拉普拉斯能量和(SML)清晰度作为PCNN对应神经元的链接强度;同时利用邻域空间频域(SF)特征信息激励每个神经元;然后,将源图像输入PCNN获得点火映射图构成的点火频数...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.