图像插值的自适应邻域滤波方法

图像待插像素用其邻域内连续方向上像素的Tyler展开可以得到较好的近似,但是沿着灰度连续和不连续方向(跨越图像边缘方向)的Tyler展开近似的线性平均会增加图像边缘宽度,引起图像边缘的视觉模糊以及产生锯齿边缘。为此,通过一个与灰度距离相关的权函数,自适应选择待插像素邻域内的Tyler展开,提出一个邻域滤波图像插值方法。与待插像素位于图像边缘同侧的像素权函数的值较大,像素的Tyler展开被选择为待插像素的近似;反之则权函数的值较小,像素的Tyler展开不用作待插像素的Tyler展开。实验结果表明,该方法避免了跨越图像边缘的Tyler展开的线性平均,可减小插值图像边缘的宽度,增加边缘斜坡坡度,从而获得清晰的插值图像边缘。     

瞳孔亚像素边缘检测与中心定位

为提高视线跟踪系统的分辨率和精确度,提出了一种亚像素精度的边缘检测与中心定位算法。利用设计的一维边缘检测算子对瞳孔像素级边缘点进行提取,然后利用边缘点小邻域内梯度方向上图像信息,进行亚像素边缘位置检测,最后经椭圆拟合确定瞳孔中心的精确位置及瞳孔形状参数。仿真实验验证了算法的有效性,提出的算法已被成功应用于实时视线跟踪系统中。     

基于改进Canny算子与图像形态学融合的边缘检测方法

传统Canny算法采用高斯滤波会造成图像的过度光滑,容易导致缓变边缘的丢失,而且梯度幅值的计算方法没有充分考虑到3x3邻域内周围像素对中心像素的影响.针对上述存在的问题与不足,结合小波融合技术的优势,提出了一种基于改进Canny算子与图像形态学融合的边缘检测方法,利用改进的Canny算子和图像形态学分别对图像进行边缘检测,然后应用小波融合技术把两种方法检测出来的边缘进行图像融合,得到最终的图像边缘.仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的抗噪能力,有效地提高了边缘检测的准确性和完整性.     

基于LSBMR图像边缘自适应隐写的检测

在图像边缘自适应LSB匹配改进隐写算法中,秘密信息嵌入位置的选择仅由某个方向上像素对的差值决定,未考虑该像素与其邻域内其他像素的差值变化的特点.针对该问题,对隐写前后图像的八方向差分直方图进行分析,提出一种基于LSB匹配改进算法(LSBMR)边缘自适应隐写检测的算法.该算法计算图像的八方向绝对差分直方图,提取直方图中隐写前后变化较为明显的频数用以构建特征向量,并使用支持向量机完成检测.对较低嵌入率下(≤0.5 bpp)的EALSBMR隐写结果进行检测,结果表明该算法的平均检测率均高于现有典型的隐写分析算法.     

基于改进边缘检测算法的图像处理技术应用

边缘检测算法通过识别每个像素在其邻域内灰度的变化而检测出图像的边缘,但由于黄土CT图像的复杂性和随机性,经试验验证,典型的边缘检测算法并不适合直接应用于黄土微结构图像的处理.对边缘检测算法进行了改进并通过VC++6.0平台实现了其功能,首先使用中值滤波和数学形态学方法对图像进行了处理,有效地降低了噪声干扰,净化了背景并增强了图像对比度;然后对图像进行基于Prewitt算法的边缘检测.通过试验验证了改进后的方法可以有效的去除虚假边缘,区分黄土颗粒的形态,从而更清晰地揭示其内部物质的结构.该方法对CT图像处理范畴的拓展,黄土微结构的研究方法和黄土工程性质的判定都有积极的指导意义.     

一种分区域多方向数据融合图像插值方法

为满足高端工业检测中对检测精度和检测时间的严格要求,针对现有图像插值方法在插值速度与精度方面的矛盾,本文提出了一种分区域多方向数据融合图像插值方法。在灰度平坦区域,采用双线性插值算法进行插值。在边缘纹理区域,则选取待插值点在源图像中对应点的4×4邻域内4个插值方向上距离最近的12个像素点,基于距离平方反比计算估计值;然后结合方向灰度梯度和插值距离两个权 重因子,进行数据融合,获得最终插值。实验表明,新提出的插值方法运行速度快,并且在图像任意级别变换时都具有较高的插值精度,能够很好地保持图像的边缘纹理细节。     

第二小方向导数信息熵的兴趣点检测

目的 为了提高兴趣点检测的定位准确性和对噪声的鲁棒性,提出利用图像轮廓线及其邻域内像素点方向导数信息熵检测兴趣点的方法.方法 首先利用多方向Gabor虚部滤波器提取图像灰度变化信息得到第二小方向导数.然后利用Canny边缘检测器提取边缘映射,并填补断裂边缘映射提取边缘轮廓线.最后求解图像边缘轮廓线及其邻域内像素点对应的第二小方向导数所对应的信息熵归一化值并作为新的兴趣点测度.和直接由灰度变化信息及分析边缘轮廓形状或曲率提取兴趣点的方法相比,本文算法结合了两种算法的思想,利用轮廓线上及其邻域内的像素点梯度方向信息熵值作为兴趣点测度.同时不同于同质及边缘区域的梯度方向变化,兴趣点处的梯度方向变化信息呈现各向异性的特性,利用兴趣点第二小方向导数(第一小方向导数可能为零)对应的信息熵值作为新的兴趣点测度可提高算法的定位准确性.结果 通过对检测图像进行仿射变换和加入高斯噪声处理后,分别利用Harris算子、CSS算子、He&Yung算子和本文算法提取图像兴趣点,并比较各算法在仿射变换和高斯噪声情况下检测到的兴趣点的平均重复率和定位误差两个性能指标的平均值.其中本文算法的性能指标平均值为1.625,远高于Harris(3.25)、He&Yung(2.625)和CSS(2.5)三大兴趣点检测算子.结论 通过与典型的3种算法相对比,本文算法具有较好的平均重复率及噪声鲁棒性,尤其是图像在外界干扰的旋转变换和尺度变换下对兴趣点的定位性有着更好的检测性能.     

基于支持向量机的彩色图像边缘检测

提出了一种新的基于支持向量机的彩色图像边缘检测算法.将彩色图像像素3×3邻域内像素的RGB值表示为一个27维的向量,作为该像素的特征,利用支持向量机直接判断其是否为边缘点.针对实际图像的边缘检测实验表明,支持向量机可以有效地进行彩色图像的边缘检测,其检测效果可以和传统的Sobel等边缘检测算子相当.     

基于最大目标函数的医学图像边缘检测

鉴于医学图像特点和传统算法的缺点,提出一种新的医学图像边缘检测算法,该算法通过考察3×3模板的理想边缘结构特征,将模板像素沿边缘方向分为两个集合,通过距离度量函数构造适当的目标函数,计算四个方向的目标函数值,从而获得最大目标函数值,并与给定的阈值比较,应用非极大抑制方法,判别该象素是否为边缘点,最后进行双阈值连接,可得到单像素边缘图像。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效检测医学图像边缘,所检测出的图像边缘细节丰富,单像素宽,定位准确。     

基于改进的FT算法在自然图像中的应用研究

FT算法是在空间频域内的显著目标检测算法。该算法简单、高效,但是在自然图像显著目标检测中,存在显著区域中心像素抑制、显著目标不突出等问题,故对FT算法进行改进。首先,在特征提取阶段,除了提取颜色和亮度信息外,改进的FT算法还提取图像的边缘信息,利用Canny算子检测图像的边缘并用梯度算子表示边缘特征,使得显著区域的边界信息更加丰富;然后,利用中心优先规则线性处理显著图,提高显著区域的中心像素的亮度,突出显著区域,去除冗余信息。仿真结果表明改进的FT算法是切实可行的。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.