生物医用Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金显微组织与性能研究（英文）

针对生物医用Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca的显微组织、力学性能以及生物腐蚀行为,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、拉伸实验机、电化学以及浸泡测试方法进行了研究。XRD结果表明Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金中的第二相主要为Mg_7Zn_3,Mg_2Zn_3,Mg_4Zn_7等金属间化合物相。相比于铸态,经过56:1挤压比变形后的Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金晶粒明显细化,平均晶粒尺寸从119.1μm降到2.5μm,降低了47.6倍。挤压态Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金的屈服强度(0.2%TYS)、抗拉强度以及延伸率分别为205,336 MPa和17.85%,电化学以及浸泡测试表明挤压态合金的耐蚀性明显优于铸态Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金,其主要归因于晶粒细化。新设计的生物医用Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金呈现出了良好的综合力学性能以及生物耐蚀性。     

Ca对Mg-6Zn合金组织与力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)研究了Mg-6Zn-xCa(x=0~1.35)合金的铸态和挤压态组织与相组成,测试了其室温力学性能。结果表明,随着Ca含量的增加,铸态组织逐渐细化,生成的Mg6Zn3Ca2相逐渐增多,而MgZn2相逐渐减少直至完全消失,第二相趋于连续网状分布于晶界处;挤压态组织明显细化,且平均晶粒尺寸从Mg-6Zn合金的15μm逐渐减至Mg-6Zn-0.47Ca合金的10μm。随着Ca含量的增加,铸态抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率先从Mg-6Zn合金的154MPa、67MPa、6.5%分别提高至Mg-6Zn-0.085Ca合金的230MPa、84MPa、14%,然后逐渐降低。挤压态力学性能明显提高,加入少量Ca(0.085%)后,抗拉强度和屈服强度稍降低,伸长率提高,而加入较多量Ca(0.47%)后,力学性能明显恶化。     

钙对Mg-4Zn合金组织，织构及力学性能的影响

本文研究了钙对Mg-4Zn合金组织,织构及力学性能的影响。铸态Mg-4Zn合金包含α-Mg相和MgZn相,Ca的加入还生成了Ca2Mg6Zn3三元相。结果表明,Ca显著细化挤压板材的晶粒尺寸,弱化板材织构。沿着板材横向,Mg-4Zn-0.3Ca合金的屈服强度为163MPa,最终抗拉强度达到260MPa。并且,加钙后的合金延伸率从Mg-4Zn合金的19%提高到24%。本文分析了合金的再结晶机制,织构演变机理和强韧化机制,另外,合金力学性能与各向异性也得到了分析。     

稀土Y元素对铸态镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用熔炼工艺制备了Mg-2.0Zn-0.2Ca与Mg-2.0Zn-0.2Ca-2Y合金,研究了两种合金的铸态组织及力学性能。结果表明,Y元素的添加细化了Mg-2.0Zn-0.2C合金的铸态组织。Mg-2.0Zn-0.2Ca合金主要由α-Mg与少量Mg₇Zn₃相组成,添加2wt%的Y后,改变了Zn在Mg基体中的固溶度,降低了其固溶强化效果,同时组织中形成了I相和W相。添加Y元素后,合金的规定塑性延伸强度升高,从41.0 MPa升高到50.6 MPa;伸长率降低,从12.6%降低到4.0%。     

等通道转角挤压对生物Mg-Zn-Ca合金显微组织与腐蚀行为的影响

旨在探讨等通道转角挤压(equal-channel-angular-pressed,ECAP)对生物医用Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金的显微组织以及腐蚀行为的影响。对铸态Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金进行了1,2,4道次的剪切挤压变形。采用光学显微组织观察、X射线反射法、电化学等手段研究了挤压道次对镁合金显微组织、织构以及腐蚀行为的影响,也特别关注了ECAP对试样的不同截面方向的显微组织演变以及模拟体液(simulatedbodyfluid,SBF)电化学腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:ECAP变形后铸态Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca镁合金晶粒逐渐细化,变形后镁合金呈现出与挤压方向呈一定角度的002面剪切织构;随着挤压道次增加,合金的耐蚀性先增加后降低。等通道转角挤压对合金耐蚀性的影响是晶粒尺寸、晶体缺陷和织构变化的综合效果;ECAP变形后合金不同截面方向呈现不同的耐蚀性,垂直于挤压方向截面的耐蚀性优于另2个方向截面的耐蚀性。     

Cu对铸造Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca镁合金的组织及性能影响

以Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca合金为研究对象,研究了Cu对Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,Cu可以通过与Zn原子结合形成Mg-Zn-Cu三元相在α-Mg基体边界富集,阻碍基体长大,使Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca合金铸态组织得到细化,合金主要由α-Mg,Ca2Mg6Zn3,Mg Zn Cu相组成。Cu元素可以提高Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca合金的硬度及抗拉强度,当Cu含量为1%时,铸态Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-1Cu合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为149 MPa、102 MPa,相对于基本合金提高了14.6%和29.1%,合金硬度提高18.8%至63 HV。过量的Cu会使合金中的析出相呈连续的网状分布在晶界上,导致力学性能的下降。     

热挤压Mg-6Zn-xCu-0.6Zr(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5)合金的显微组织及力学性能

对Mg-6Zn-x Cu-0.6Zr(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5)合金进行了熔炼并浇注在金属模中,然后进行了挤压成形试验。结果表明:铸态合金随着Cu含量的增加晶粒逐渐细化,第二相含量增多,其组织由α-Mg、MgZn_2及Mg Zn Cu相组成。合金经挤压后力学性能明显提高,其中挤压ZK60合金的动态再结晶较弱,晶粒细化程度较小。铸态合金组织中的第二相在挤压过程中被打碎,并沿着挤压方向分布。挤压态合金晶粒细化程度明显,其平均晶粒尺寸可达到10~13μm。Mg Zn Cu相呈短棒状分布在晶界,而Mg Zn2相呈细小的颗粒状分布在基体上。挤压态合金力学性能改善的原因可归结为细晶强化、第二相弥散强化及固溶强化综合作用的结果。其中挤压态Mg-6Zn-1.0Cu-0.6Zr力学性能最优,其抗拉强度、屈服强度及伸长率分别达到320.22 MPa,240 MPa和11.48%。     

复合添加Yb和Ca对Mg-6Zn合金组织的影响

利用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD及DSC等测试方法研究了复合添加Yb和Ca对Mg-6Zn合金组织的影响。结果表明:Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca合金铸态组织主要由α-Mg、Mg7Zn3、MgZn2及MgZn等相组成,合金组织有被Ca细化趋势;复合添加微量Ca和Yb后,枝晶组织呈"花瓣"状,并随Yb含量增加,"花瓣"状组织明显增多,其晶粒稍有细化;经固溶处理(T4)后,Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca-xYb(x=0、1、1.5)合金组织由铸态时枝晶转变成等轴晶,与Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca合金相比,含Yb合金晶粒有明显粗化现象;Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca-1.5Yb合金中含有稳定的三元Mg-Zn-Yb化合物,初步认定该化合物中Zn、Yb的原子比在4~6之间。     

铸态和挤压态生物医用Mg-Zn-Y-Zr-Ca合金在不同温度下的显微组织与力学性能（英文）

对一种新型生物医用镁合金Mg-3Zn-1Y-0.6Zr-0.5Ca分别在270,300和330°C下进行铸造和挤出实验。通过拉伸试验、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散光谱、X射线衍射技术、透射电子显微镜和电子背散射衍射研究铸态和不同挤出参数下挤压态合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,270°C挤压态合金具有最佳的综合力学性能,其极限拉伸强度和伸长率分别达到315MPa和26%,这与晶粒细化、较弱的基底织构和第二相强化有关。经热挤压后,Mg-3Zn-1Y-0.6Zr-0.5Ca合金出现大量动态再结晶。连续的Mg_3YZn_6相带逐渐分裂成不连续的链状或点状结构,且晶粒分布更均匀。挤压态Mg-3Zn-1Y-0.6Zr-0.5Ca合金呈(0001)基面平行于挤出方向的弱织构特征。     

高强Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金的微观组织和力学性能

通过金属模铸、热挤压和时效处理(T5)工艺过程制备出高强Mg-7Gd-4Y-1.6Zn-0.5Zr合金,并利用光学显微镜、XRD、SEM及TEM分析研究Mg合金不同状态下的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:Mg-7Gd-4Y-1.6Zn-0.5Zr合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg基体和沿晶界分布的片层状第二相Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)组成,经过热挤压变形后,合金晶粒显著细化,时效处理过程中Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)相上析出少量细小的颗粒状Mg3Zn3(Gd,Y)2相。时效态合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到446 MPa、399 MPa和6.1%,其强化方式主要为细晶强化和第二相强化。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.