Normative base for certification of measurement provision software

Features of software for metrological purposes are noted. Standard documents for international and regional organizations and national standard documents for certification of measurement provision software are analysed. The main stages and results of certification are considered. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 4. pp. 12–17, April, 2007.     

The particular features of formulating the certification protocol of a heat, cold, and humidity chamber

The protocol for the periodic certification of the KTK-800 chamber is considered. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 7, pp. 60–62, July, 2006.     

A current-bearing rectangular frame as a field source for certifying electromagnetic search systems

It is shown that a rectangular ungrounded current-bearing loop can be used for the metrological certification of electromagnetic search systems designed to locate and examine underground conductors. Criteria are formulated for choosing the sizes of such loops. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 57–62, April, 2008.     

电子产品3C检测实验室有效性控制要求

本文从认证检测机构角度出发,从认证申请资料完整性和一致性的控制、认证样品的有效性控制、检测仪器设备有效性控制、认证测试过程的有效性控制、型式试验报告的有效性控制、档案资料的有效性控制等六个方面阐述了电子产品3C认证检测机构如何建立试验结果可追溯性体系,提高产品认证的有效性。     

等效飞行航迹在民用飞机噪声适航审定中的运用

民用飞机的噪声适航审定需要多次重复的飞行试验,飞机每次的起降都会消耗大量的燃油、产生巨大的噪声。为了降低适航审定成本,减少噪声对机场周围环境的影响,基于中国民航局航空器型号和适航合格审定噪声规定,对某型飞机的起飞和进近噪声数据和起飞降落程序进行分析,得到适航规定接受的等效飞行程序和等效飞行航迹。等效飞行航迹的得出和使用,既降低了国产大飞机在适航审定过程中的适航成本和噪声污染,又为工程技术人员在新型飞机的噪声适航审定过程中提供了一种可参考的办法。     

谈矿用产品安全标志认证

介绍矿用产品安全标志认证的主要工作程序，适用首次申办安全标志认证的企业。     

卡尺测量面表面粗糙度的检定

本文分析了卡尺测量面表面粗糙度感官检定和与比较样块比较检定的准确率。同时阐述了用表面粗糙度检查仪检定的可能性和对卡尺测量面表面缺陷的限制。     

关于实施认证行政监管有效途径的思考

随着我国认证市场的迅速发展,认证对经济社会发展做出了积极贡献,但也随之出现一些问题,尽快解决这些问题从而促进认证市场规范发展成为一项迫在眉睫的重要课题。据此,本文试图通过概述认证的重要性,在分析认证市场存在问题的基础上,进一步思考实施认证行政监管的有效途径。     

Modelling of gusts and wind shear for aircraft assessment and certification

Recent research in the UK on the subject of turbulence modelling for aircraft assessment and certification has emphasised the importance of considering ordered structures existing in apparently disordered air motions. A consequence of the existence of such order within disorder is that probability distributions of velocity gradients and associated velocity increments are often strongly non-Gaussian, even in so-called continuous turbulence. This non-Gaussian characteristic of turbulence (which may be related to the phenomenon of “intermittency”) is a source of dissatisfaction with the widely-used power-spectral method for modelling turbulence and is the main incentive for developing an alternative. One approach to the problem has been the development of a statistical discretegust model of turbulence which takes a discrete ramp gust as a basic element from which representative gust patterns may be built up and related to probability of occurrence. On this basis an alternative approach to aircraft certification has been proposed in which the assessment of a particular design (of aircraft, or gust-alleviation system) involves a systematic search over a specified family of equiprobable gust patterns for a “worst case” which produces maximum aircraft response. Such an equiprobable family is a generalisation of the traditional concept of a “design gust.” An important feature of the method is that the “worst case” response may be directly related to the statistical characteristics of response when the input has a random character representative of real turbulence. The technique is illustrated with particular reference to the assessment of autoland systems in severe wind shear and to limit-load criteria (for which a vortex-tube model is proposed to augment the statistical family of discrete ramp gusts).     

基于联合分析法的消费者对品牌和质量认证商品的偏好研究

品牌、认证标识是重要的质量信号,也是消除质量信息不对称的重要手段.关于消费者对品牌、认证的偏好性问题,部分学者进行了研究,但得出的结论并不一致.究其原因,一是未对商品进行分类,二是采用问卷调查的方式获取消费者的信息.商品可以分为奢侈品、日用品、食品三类,通过消费者行为实验的方法获取消费者关于品牌、认证的偏好数据,并用联合分析法得出:对于奢侈品,消费者偏好品牌;对于日用品,消费者偏好品牌;对于食品,消费者偏好认证.     

Understanding and Controlling Certification Risks

Certification is a conformity assessmenttool confirming that products (including services),processes,systems,and personnel meetthe relevant regulatory requirements.A certificationbody is a conformity assessment body engaged inimplementing audits on whether products (includingservices),processes,systems,and personnel meetthe relevant regulatory requirements.Like othereconomic activities,certification is subject to risks.GB/T 27021-2007 Conformity assessmen-Requirementsfor bodies providing audit and certi...     

Fire resistance certification of aircraft composite materials

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requires fire resistance certification of aircraft composite materials used in civil aircraft exterior structure and engine compartments. This paper presents an FAA approved process for accomplishing certification testing at minimum cost and time using an oxygen-acetylene heating tip. The test stand and process minimized human factors and quantified backside flame visibility for comparing aluminum and composite materials. The process focus was on demonstratingfire resistant characteristics, but could also be applied to thefireproof test process. Backside flame visibility was defined as the visual observance of light from the oxygen-acetylene flame. This definition was uniformly applied to both the aluminum test panels and the composite test panels. This presentation of the fire resistant certification process for aircraft composite materials will enable others to efficiently set up and perform both fire resistant and fireproof certification testing.     

国内外服务认证发展综述

近年来,伴随着全球由“工业经济”向“服务经济”转型,以及服务贸易的迅速发展,服务认证作为一种保证服务质量,促进服务业和服务贸易发展的重要手段已被世界上越来越多的国家和地区接受,成为国际惯例。文章从分析国际、国内服务认证发展现状入手,在此基础上提出了我国开展服务认证的建议。     

全球建筑能效标识制度的发展

文章对民用建筑能效标识技术的发展背景及概念作了简单介绍,详细介绍了国内外建筑能效标识技术的发展情况,以及我国建筑能效标识技术发展中存在的问题,并对建筑能效标识实施过程中存在的问题给出了建议。     

The link between vendor certification and growth in IT outsourcing: a tale of two stories†

There has been a great deal of ambiguity and complexity in the relationship between vendor certification and vendor growth in the outsourcing context. In this study, the authors build a competitive mediation model, where they examine both the direct and the indirect effects of vendor certification on vendor growth. Using a combination of primary data (i.e. survey) and secondary data from a sample of 120 IT vendors in India, they find that vendor certification directly helps with vendor growth but it hurts vendor innovation and therefore indirectly hinders vendor growth. They further explore the moderating role of the number of major clients. Results demonstrate that an increase in the number of major clients does not moderate the positive relationship between certification and growth; however, it weakens the negative relationship between certification and innovation. Therefore, a large client base seems to attenuate the dark side of certification in organisational innovation activities.     

空调用制冷压缩机节能产品认证技术规范及工作进展

介绍空调用制冷压缩机节能产品认证技术规范及工作进展,包括编制过程、技术要求、节能指标等,认证技术规范的编制对提高厂家制造水平、规范行业竞争秩序以及促进压缩机技术的发展具有十分重要的意义。     

新形势下我国体系认证机构发展思考

09年我国质量管理体系认证从业机构(以下称体系认证机构)面临着众多的挑战和调整,体系认证机构从业的外部环境发生了巨大变化,体系认证机构本身也面临着来自完善管理等各方面的压力。本文通过对在我国从业的体系认证机构的现状和环境以及企业需求进行调研,通过对体系认证机构的重要性的描述,通过对我国境内各类体系认证机构进行分类,通过对我国体系认证市场现状进行分析,对我国体系认证机构的发展进行了分析探讨,提出了对我国体系认证机构今后发展的建议和希望。     

认证机构认可的风险管理模式初探

本文对于认可风险的概念、分类和认可风险管理的过程进行了分析研究,是对认证机构认可风险识别、评价和控制等方面管理模式的初步探索,可以应用于认可机构对认证机构的认可评审和认可管理的各个阶段,并期望通过对认可风险的管理,以降低认可机构的认可风险,促进认证认可事业的有效发展。     

我国出台有机产品认证管理新规

为保护消费者利益,维护有机产品认证市场秩序,切实加强对有机产品认证活动的规范管理,国家质检总局发布经过修订后的《有机产品认证管理办法》即155号令,并于2014年4月1日起施行。新《办法》的发布标志着我国统一的有机产品认证制度完成了升级换代,将对规范有机产品认证活动,提高有机产品质量,保护消费者合法权益,促进生态环境保护和可持续发展发挥积极作用。本文就新的有机产品认证管理办法出台的背景、主要内容和特点作一介绍。     

环境标志与生命周期评价

制定环境标志认证标准是实施环境标志的核心和难点.分析归纳了国内外目前制定认证标准的4种方法:一般原则法、完整LCA法、简化定量LCA法、简化定性LCA法;重点探讨了定量与定性分析结合的加权简式生命周期评价矩阵法,详细分析了评价计算步骤,并建议我国采用此法制定环境标志认证标准.