高压水射流清理HTPB推进剂的废药废水组分含量分析

参照相应的标准方法对高压水射流清理HTPB推进剂产生的废药废水中AP和Al含量进行了测定,结果表明,粒径3 mm以下的废药中AP质量分数从69.50%下降到35.28%,Al和黏合剂体系也有轻微损失;3 mm以上废药中组分含量随着径向深度的增加逐渐趋同于正常装药;废水中AP和Al质量浓度分别为8 368 mg/L和0.157 mg/L。在测定结果的基础上,对废药废水处理方式进行了筛选,合适的废药处理方式是以废水为溶剂浸取废药中AP后将固体残渣作为锅炉辅助燃料;合适的废水处理方式是使用生物法进行氨氮处理和高氯酸根去除。     

AP/SiO2/Fe2O3纳米复合材料的制备与表征

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了AP/SiO2/Fe2O3纳米复合材料.用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对产物的结构进行了表征.用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对原料和产物的热分解性能进行了表征.结果表明,AP/SiO2/Fe2O3纳米复合材料是以SiO2/Fe2O3为骨架,AP进入凝胶孔洞中形成的.Fe2O3均匀分布在纳米凝胶骨架中.经热处理后αFe2O3的晶粒度为9.7nm,有效防止了纳米Fe2O3的团聚;AP均匀地分散在凝胶孔洞中,晶粒度为80～250 nm.AP/SiO2 /Fe2O3纳米复合材料能有效促进AP的热分解,使其高温分解峰温降低84.77℃,分解热提高987.1J/g.     

对硝基氯苯废水的焚烧治理

河南化工厂于一九七四年建立了一套废水焚烧炉,治理对硝基氯苯废水,取得了初步的结果.在生产过程中,该厂产生的废水含对硝基氯化苯0.5%左右,含无有盐3.5%左右,基本上呈酸性,带有红棕色,有苦杏仁味.其处理的工艺过程如下:(1)由车间来的废水,经过中和池加碱中和,到废水调节池,将车间的酸性废水变成微碱性废水,在调节池用空气压缩机鼓风进行搅拌,使废水反应均匀完全.     

气雾化Al-Li合金对高氯酸铵热分解特性的影响

采用紧耦合气雾化法制备了一系列Al-Li合金粉体,利用DSC研究了它们对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解的影响。结果表明Al-Li抑制AP的低温分解,但促进AP的高温分解,使得AP的两个分解峰相互靠近并结合成一个集中的放热峰。当锂含量达10wt%时,合金能够使AP的高温分解峰降低约80℃,表观分解热增加至1046. 2 J/g,并使混合物的高温分解活化能由纯AP的139. 4 kJ/mol降低至76. 5 kJ/mol。此外,对分解产物进行分析,发现Al-10Li合金粉体能够有效减少Cl~-的排放。     

高氯酸铵包覆纳米铝粉在CO_2气氛中的热反应特性及点火燃烧特性

采用热分析仪和可视化管式炉研究了包覆剂高氯酸铵(AP)对纳米铝粉(nAl)在CO_2中热反应特性及点火燃烧特性的影响.结果表明,由于热分析仪及可视化管式炉中升温速率不同导致AP分解过程不同,使nAl的点火燃烧特性有一定差别;升温速率较慢时,包覆AP的nAl着火温度比未包覆nAl升高,但由于AP分解产生的O_2能促进nAl反应,所以包覆的nAl增重率大于未包覆的nAl,且随包覆剂浓度升高,样品增重率增大;升温速率较快时,包覆AP的nAl着火温度比未包覆的nAl均有明显降低,包覆10%与15%AP的nAl由于AP剧烈分解对着火影响明显,使着火温度下降约200℃.     

基于动力学过程的固体推进剂降速机理

根据朗缪尔单分子吸附原理和AP分解的质子转移机理,分别在AP晶体界面和气相混合区中确立物质守恒关系,分析了AP在不同分解速率下气相混合区中NH_3和HClO_4的气相分子浓度关系;将其与AP晶体气固交界面的反应强度进行关联,建立了一种能够分析压强变化状态对推进剂燃速影响的动力学机理,并推导了相应的物理过程,通过实验将AP/降速剂(CaCO_3或NH_4C_2O_4)的TG-DSC分析结果与药条燃速结果进行了对比。结果表明,该降速机理能够解释降速剂对推进剂燃速和压强指数的多种作用,CaCO_3能够使AP的热失重分解温度出现一定程度的前移,因此对控制推进剂的高压压强指数有利,而NH_4C_2O_4不具备这种效果。     

高氯酸铵/石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备及热分解行为

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了高氯酸铵/石墨烯气凝胶(AP/GA)纳米复合材料,用SEM、元素分析和XRD对其结构进行了表征,用TG-DSC-IR联用技术对其热分解行为进行了研究.结果表明,AP/GA纳米复合材料中,AP以纳米尺寸存在于石墨烯气凝胶中,AP质量分数高达94.4％,平均粒径约为69.41 nm.石墨烯对AP的热分解过程具有明显的催化作用,与AP相比,AP/GA纳米复合材料的低温分解峰消失,高温分解峰温降低了83.7℃.总分解热达2110J/g.     

二氧化氯对活性印染废水脱色的研究

研究了二氧化氯、活性炭组合法处理印染废水,确定了二氧化氯处理印染废水的最佳反应时间、pH、温度及氧化剂用量对脱色率的影响.二氧化氯使印染废水脱色率达到73%,后期用活性炭对印染废水进行吸附脱色.最终使印染废水脱色率达到92.44%,处理后的废水指标符合国家排放标准.     

化学氧化法对焦化废水中氰化物深度处理的效果

该研究考察了焦化废水的生化出水中运用臭氧和氯碱氧化法对总氰的去除效果,并对影响处理效果的主要因素进行了讨论.试验结果表明:臭氧法对焦化废水中氰化物的去除效果较差,不能使处理后废水中氰化物的浓度达标排放;造成该现象的主要原因是焦化废水中总氰多为铁氰化物,其性质较为稳定,难以被臭氧快速氧化.氯碱氧化法可以有效的去除焦化废水...     

NiCu复合金属粉的制备及其催化性能

采用化学还原法制备得到了纳米级NiCu复合金属粉,对其结构进行了表征. 用热分析法研究了纳米NiCu复合金属粉对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解的催化性能. 结果表明,组成为Ni60Cu40的纳米NiCu复合金属粉可使AP的高温和低温热分解温度分别降低140.4和26.8℃,使总表观分解热增至1.29 kJ/g,表现出对AP的高温和低温热分解的显著催化作用. 纳米NiCu复合金属粉的组成对其催化性能有一定影响,以Ni60Cu40的催化效果最强. 纳米NiCu复合金属粉的含量增加,其催化作用增强. 纳米NiCu复合金属粉催化AP热分解的作用机理为：(1) 氧化物在AP热分解起始阶段电子转移过程中的桥梁催化作用;(2) 纳米NiCu复合金属粉与AP分解产物发生反应;(3) 纳米NiCu复合金属粉的表面效应等.     

Efficient recovery of aromatic compounds from the wastewater of styrene monomer and propylene oxide co-production plant via hypercrosslinked aryl-rich starch-β-cyclodextrin polymeric sorbent

Adsorptive recovery of valuable components from industrial wastewater is highly desirable for avoiding resource wastage but remains a challenge. Herein, we develop an efficient continuous adsorption process for recovering aromatic compounds in wastewater from styrene monomer and propylene oxide coproduction(SMPO) plant. Based on our insight into the potential of bio-based porous materials for adsorption application, starch-graft-polystyrene(SPS) and aryl-modified β-cyclodextrin(ACD) were prepare...     

Fentanyl but Not Morphine or Buprenorphine Improves the Severity of Necrotizing Acute Pancreatitis in Rats

Opioids are widely used for the pain management of acute pancreatitis (AP), but their impact on disease progression is unclear. Therefore, our aim was to study the effects of clinically relevant opioids on the severity of experimental AP. Various doses of fentanyl, morphine, or buprenorphine were administered as pre- and/or post-treatments in rats. Necrotizing AP was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of L-ornithine-HCl or intra-ductal injection of Na-taurocholate, while intraperitoneal caerulein administration caused edematous AP. Disease severity was determined by laboratory and histological measurements. Mu opioid receptor (MOR) expression and function was assessed in control and AP animals. MOR was expressed in both the pancreas and brain. The pancreatic expression and function of MOR were reduced in AP. Fentanyl post-treatment reduced necrotizing AP severity, whereas pre-treatment exacerbated it. Fentanyl did not affect the outcome of edematous AP. Morphine decreased vacuolization in edematous AP, while buprenorphine pre-treatment increased pancreatic edema during AP. The overall effects of morphine on disease severity were negligible. In conclusion, the type, dosing, administration route, and timing of opioid treatment can influence the effects of opioids on AP severity. Fentanyl post-treatment proved to be beneficial in AP. Clinical studies are needed to determine which opioids are best in AP.     

新型芳纶浆粕短纤维补强CR复合材料结构与性能的研究

采用芳纶浆粕预处理方法专利技术对芳纶浆粕超细短纤维表面进行改性处理，制备在橡胶基质中纤维分散性良好的芳纶浆粕预分散体。通过对未处理芳纶浆粕和芳纶浆粕预分散体补强CR复合材料宏观性能和微观结构形态关系的对比研究，证实该专利技术的可行性，同时探讨了纤维状硅酸盐作为填料对芳纶浆粕纤维和芳纶短纤维补强CR复合材料物理性能的影响。     

Burning Characteristics and Thermochemical Behavior of AP/HTPB Composite Propellant Using Coarse and Fine AP Particles

The burning rate of AP/HTPB composite propellant increases with increasing AP content and with decreasing AP size. In addition, the burning rate can be enhanced with the addition of Fe₂O₃. The burning characteristics and thermal decomposition behavior of AP/HTPB composite propellant using coarse and fine AP particles with and without Fe₂O₃ at various AP contents were investigated to obtain an exhaustive set of data. As the AP content decreased, the burning rate decreased and the propellants containing less than a certain AP content self‐quenched or did not ignite. The self‐quenched combustion began at both lower and higher pressures. The lower limit of AP content to burn the propellant with coarse AP was lower than that with fine AP. The lower limit of AP content to burn was decreased by the addition of Fe₂O₃. The thermal decomposition behavior of propellants prepared with 20–80 % AP was investigated. The decrease in the peak temperature of the exothermic decomposition suggested an increased burning rate. However, a quantitative relationship between the thermochemical behavior and the burning characteristics, such as the burning rate and the lower limit of AP content to burn, could not be determined.     

装药生产线高氯酸铵处理新工艺设计

对装药生产线高氯酸铵(AP)处理工艺进行研究.采用与现有工艺不同的射流式真空(负压)输送AP方式,经输送距离(垂直距离4.5m,水平距离1 m)的试验测定,AP1粒度d43变小约3μm.推进剂装药试验结果显示,球形AP d43变化10μm,推进剂燃速变化约0.1 mm/s.针对AP用量多,耗费人力大,提出了AP处理的优...     

Investigation of the “Surface” and “Interphase” Composition of Adhesion Promoter/Thermoplastic Olefin Systems: The Effect of Adhesion Promoter Bake Temperature

The interfacial chemistry of model systems consisting of two adhesion promoting primers and a single Thermoplastic Olefin (TPO) substrate was examined. Two commercial adhesion promoter (AP) materials were applied to a commercially-available TPO material and either flash dried at room temperature or baked at 100°C. The surface composition of the AP films and TPO substrate, and the interfacial compositions of the AP/TPO systems were characterized using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The AP films studied were based upon a chlorinated polyolefin (CPO). For one adhesion promoter film (AP-1), no chlorine was present at the surface suggesting a nonhomogeneous system. For the second adhesion promoter film (AP-2), the surface composition was about 15% CPO and 85% AP matrix. No changes in AP surface composition were evident for the different bake conditions for either AP. Interfacial compositions of the room temperature flashed materials were found to be very similar for both AP/TPO systems, with CPO being present for each and at similar concentrations. Interfacial compositions for the baked materials were also similar for the two systems, although the level of CPO at the interface increased for both the AP-1 and AP-2 relative to the unbaked materials. The relative increases observed were 46% and 41% for the AP-1 and AP-2 systems, respectively. The increase in the relative concentration of CPO at the interface with bake temperature suggests that there is a stronger interaction between the AP and TPO. The implication of these data is that a baked AP should result in a more robust paint system with respect to AP/TPO adhesion.     

Investigation of eco-friendly chemical treatments of apple pomace for producing high quality molded pulp biocomposite

Eco-friendly chemical treatments using citric acid (CA) and sodium bicarbonate were employed to remove pectin, hemicellulose, and extractives from apple pomace (AP) for improving AP fiber quality and maximizing its utilization in producing biocomposite boards with newspaper (NP) fibers (AP:NP ratio of 2:1) using molded pulp technique. CA treatment was further optimized at different pH and temperature and cellulose nanofiber (CNF, 0.15, 0.3% w/w pulp solids) was used as reinforcement agent to enhance mechanical property and water resistance of biocomposite boards. CA treatment improved AP fiber strength and cellulose content. AP treated by CA at pH 2.5 and 75°C with 0.15% CNF reinforcement produced AP/NP biocomposite board with high flexural strength, and dimension stability, and low density. Thermal analysis verified increased cellulose content, crystallinity, and thermal stability of CA treated AP fibers. This study provided new insight to improve fiber functionality and utilize AP for developing sustainable packaging.     

Effects of silicone resins on copolymerization of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil

In this work, effects of the silicone resins on copolymerization of the acrylated epoxidized soybean oil were investigated. Rheological characteristics, curing behaviors, and thermal properties of acrylate epoxy soybean oil prepolymer (AP), silicone prepolymer (SP), and their hybrids (AP/SP) were studied in detail. Spots in a snowflake pattern were observed on the fracture section surface of cured AP/SP hybrid resins by SEM. According to the change of polymer groups revealed by Fourier transform infrared, a possible reaction between AP and SP was proposed. The curing mechanism of AP/SP hybrids was researched, which was suggested to be an autocatalytic curing process. Furthermore, the degree of cure, the activation energy (E_α) and the reaction frequency factor (A) of the curing reaction were estimated. It was found that the cure kinetic of AP/SP hybrid resins could be well-described by a Sesthk-Bergglen model with the numerical optimization based on the Kissinger method and the Malek approach. The experimental results show that the mass retention rates of AP/SP hybrid resins were significantly increased after curing, indicating that the thermal stability of AP was enhanced with the addition of SP.     

六种活性污泥酶活测定及条件优化

活性污泥的生物降解能力与其酶活性相关。在各种涉及活性污泥的环境工程和生物降解分析测试过程中,快速测定活性污泥的酶活性有助于各种活性污泥的生物降解能力分析和实时监测,对于监控降解过程有着重要意义。文章选择6种与生物降解直接相关的活性污泥酶进行测定方法的研究,从反应体系的pH、反应温度、反应时间、反应终止方法和污泥浓度等4个方面对L-亮氨酸氨基肽酶(L-AP)、棕榈酸脂酶(LIP)、磷酸酯酶(PPA)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(α-GLC)、磷酸酶(APA)和脱氢酶(DHA)的酶活测定条件进行优化,结果显示,L-AP最适反应pH为7.4,PPA、APA和DHA反应最适pH为7.9,LIP和a-GLC最适pH为8.4。6种酶活的最适反应温度均为37℃。a-GLC适合反应时间为90 min,其余酶活为60 min。L-AP、LIP、PPA、a-GLC和APA反应终止方法为高温加热,DHA反应的产物萃取剂为乙醇:二甲基甲酰胺=1:1。在优化测定条件的基础上提出一种快速测定6种与生物降解相关的酶活方法,用该方法测定采自4个不同污水处理厂的活性污泥的酶活,除了LIP外,发现工业污水处理厂的活性污泥酶活普遍要高。优化后的测定方法方便快捷,对仪器设备要求低,更能直接、真实反映活性污泥的生物降解活性。