微生物燃料电池阳极材料研究现状与展望

微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cell,MFC)是一种新兴的生物电化学技术,电极材料是影响其产电性能的重要因素。阳极主要为微生物的粘附和电子转移提供场所,利用产电菌降解废水中的有机污染物,实现同步处理废水和回收能源。主要介绍了MFC阳极材料的研究进展,分析了其导电性、产电效率等性能的研究现状,并对其进行了总结和展望。     

微生物燃料电池阳极系统的最新研究进展

微生物燃料电池技术目前取得了突破性的进展,并迅速成为废水处理的热点.该文介绍了微生物燃料电池的工作原理和电子传递途径,并结合近期研究成果,重点评述了微生物燃料电池中阳极系统的研究状况,对阳极特性、产电微生物的种类、阳极生物膜驯化方式等三个方面进行了评价,提出了目前阳极研究中存在的问题以及未来的研究重点和方向.     

微生物燃料电池体系空气阴极研究进展

微生物燃料电池（microbial fuel cell,MFC）是一种利用产电微生物,通过生物电化学反应将生物质能转化为电能,同时又可以降解污水中的有机物质的新型发电装置。虽然MFC在解决能源和环境问题时具有很好的双功效,但成本昂贵和输出功率低是制约其大规模发展的障碍,而MFC体系中的阴极电极是这些问题的关键影响因素之一。总结了目前空气阴极扩散层、催化层的相关研究进展,分析限制其发展的主要问题,指明了今后的发展方向,可为以后开发更优的MFC提供参考。     

以生物质为碳源的微生物燃料电池研究进展

微生物燃料电池(MFCs)以其燃料来源的可持续性、清洁、环保等特点,被视为可替代化石燃料的新能源之一。在底物、电极、介体、产电微生物等方面,综述了MFCs的最新研究,就其发展方向进行了展望,并提出扩大底物的研究范围、寻找更加高效的产电微生物、优化反应器结构等仍是进一步提高MFCs性能的关键。     

非生物催化可植入葡萄糖燃料电池研究进展

葡萄糖燃料电池作为一种供能装置,可将葡萄糖中稳定的化学能转化为电能。当这一装置植入体内,可为人体内的电子医疗设备供电。可植入葡萄糖燃料电池要求电极材料具有长期稳定性和高效专一性。人体液环境中的葡萄糖催化是影响此类燃料电池可植入化的关键。对不同电极材料进行归纳总结,着重介绍非生物电极材料用作可植入葡萄糖燃料电池电极的优缺点,对存在的问题和挑战进行分析,并对其应用前景进行展望。     

燃料电池用隔膜的进展

美国Poly Fuel公司报道，燃料电池隔膜工艺的进展有望延长电池使用寿命并使成本降低。在汽车用氢燃料电池进展的基础上，该公司宣称其开发的、新的氢基电池材料将产生更少的水汽、并提高15％的功率，而且生产成本也比原有的隔膜材料花费更少。     

海底微生物燃料电池阳极锰盐改性及产电性能研究

阳极是限制海底微生物燃料电池输出功率的关键因素,通过改性阳极,可望提高微生物燃料电池性能.本文利用MnSO4氧化还原介体修饰石墨阳极,研究了MnSO4含量对阳极和电池产电性能的影响.结果表明,锰离子可有效加速电子转移,当阳极MnSO4的含量为4%时,阳极性能最好,电池内阻最小,最大输出功率密度为51.64mW/m2,是...     

微生物燃料电池分隔材料的研究新进展

微生物燃料电池技术利用环境友好的高活性微生物作催化剂,以降解水中有机污染物同步输出电能,受到了学术界和企业界的高度重视。如何提高微生物燃料电池的效能是目前研究的聚焦点,分隔材料的设计与选择直接影响了微生物燃料电池的整体性能。本文综述了微生物燃料电池中分隔材料研究的新进展,对比分析了不同新型分隔材料的特点、产电能力与污水处理效果及其待解决的问题,展望了微生物燃料电池分隔材料的发展方向。     

氢燃料电池应用及质子交换膜燃料电池研究

本文介绍燃料电池组成、分类、特征，着重介绍质子交换膜燃料电池（ＰＥＦＣ）的优势、机理、发展现状及应用前景。     

低电位泡沫石墨改性阳极及其在海底微生物燃料电池中的应用

泡沫石墨是一种新型阳极材料, 对其进行改性是提高海底微生物燃料电池性能的重要途径之一。本文研究了混酸改性泡沫石墨阳极及其电化学性能。研究表明:改性后泡沫石墨表面生成羟基、羧基等含氧官能团; 改性阳极接触角降低了24.5°, 润湿性提高, 有利于微生物附着; 交换电流密度达到6760.8 mA/m², 动力学活性提高了53.7倍。研究还发现改性后阳极电位降低了100 mV, 电池开路电位达到865 mV (未改性750 mV), 最大输出功率密度为358.1 mW/m², 提高了2.4倍。三个月放电测试显示, 改性阳极和电池具有相对稳定的性能。同时, 本文初步分析了改性后阳极动力学活性增加和电位降低的原因。该研究结果为构建高输出电压和功率的海底微生物燃料电池提供了依据。     

Microbial reduction of graphene oxide and its application in microbial fuel cells and biophotovoltaics

Despite more than a decade of study, there are still significant obstacles to overcome before graphene can be successfully produced on a large scale for commercial use. Chemical oxidation of graphite to produce graphene oxide (GO), followed by a subsequent reduction process to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (rGO), is considered the most practical method for mass production. Microorganisms, which are abundant in nature and inexpensive, are one of the potential green reductants for rGO synthesis. However, there is no recent review discussing the reported microbial reduction of GO in detail. To address this, we present a comprehensive review on the reduction of GO by a range of microorganisms and compared their efficacies and reaction conditions. Also, presented were the mechanisms by which microorganisms reduce GO. We also reviewed the recent advancements in using microbially reduced GO as the anode and cathode material in the microbial fuel cell (MFC) and algal biophotovoltaics (BPV), as well as the challenges and future directions in microbial fuel cell research.     

燃料电池及其材料的发展

综述了燃料电池及其材料的发展概况,着重评述了固体电解质燃料电池的发展情况和它所用的材料。如果固体电解质燃料电池达到实用化,将需要大量的氧化锆、氧化钇和氧化镧等材料。     

燃料电池全氟磺酸质子交换膜研究进展

全氟磺酸质子交换膜作为质子交换膜燃料电池和直接甲醇燃料电池的关键部件得到广泛关注.介绍了国内外全氟磺酸质子交换膜的发展历程和现状,讨论了商业化全氟磺酸膜存在的高温质子传导率低和燃料渗透率高等问题.最后结合我们的研究工作综述了解决这些问题的方法和研究进展.     

Microbial fuel cell application in landfill leachate treatment

The feasibility of using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in landfill leachate treatment and electricity production was assessed under high levels of nitrogen concentration (6033 mg NL(-1)) and conductivity (73,588 μS cm(-1)). An air-cathode MFC was used over a period of 155 days to treat urban landfill leachate. Up to 8.5 kg COD m(-3)d(-1) of biodegradable organic matter was removed at the same time as electricity (344 m Wm(-3)) was produced. Nitrogen compounds suffered transformations in the MFC. Ammonium was oxidized to nitrite using oxygen diffused from the membrane. However, at high free ammonia concentrations (around 900 mg N-NH(3)L(-1)), the activity of nitrifier microorganisms was inhibited. Ammonium reduction was also resulted from ammonium transfer through the membrane or from ammonia loss. High salinity content benefited the MFC performance increasing power production and decreasing the internal resistance.     

Bioelectricity generation and microcystins removal in a blue-green algae powered microbial fuel cell

Bioelectricity production from blue-green algae was examined in a single chamber tubular microbial fuel cell (MFC). The blue-green algae powered MFC produced a maximum power density of 11 4 mW/m(2) at a current density of 0.55 mA/m(2). Coupled with the bioenergy generation, high removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen were also achieved in MFCs. Over 78.9% of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), 80.0% of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), 91.0% of total nitrogen (total-N) and 96.8% ammonium-nitrogen (NH(3)-N) were removed under closed circuit conditions in 12 days, which were much more effective than those under open circuit and anaerobic reactor conditions. Most importantly, the MFC showed great ability to remove microcystins released from blue-green algae. Over 90.7% of MC-RR and 91.1% of MC-LR were removed under closed circuit conditions (500Ω). This study showed that the MFC could provide a potential means for electricity production from blue-green algae coupling algae toxins removal.     

燃料电池用磺化聚芳醚酮质子交换膜改性的研究进展

概述了近几年来燃料电池用磺化聚芳醚酮质子交换膜改性的研究进展,分别从共混法和有机/无机杂化法等两个方面总结了磺化聚芳醚酮质子交换膜改性的研究结果,并展望了今后的研究趋势。     

质子交换膜燃料电池及其双极板的研究

为了降低质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的成本,提高质子交换膜燃料电池的性能,综述了质子交换膜燃料电池的基本结构、工作原理、主要优点及应用领域,分析了质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的特点及功能,介绍了制备质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的新材料及新工艺:中间相碳微球材料,凝胶注模成型工艺和中间相碳微球素坯的掺杂催化石墨化烧结工艺.提出了应用质子交换膜燃料电池及其双极板的新材料新工艺来降低其生产成本,为质子交换膜燃料电池及其双极板的研发指出了方向.     

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell：Materials, Technology and Application

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer a clean, pollution-free technology for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity. Many programs are being initiated in the United States, Europe, Japan and so on. The funding for SOFC development worldwide has risen dramatically and this trend is expected to continue for at least the next decades. These development programs are also investigating wider applications of SOFCs in stationary, residential, transportation and military sectors. Finally, it is summarized the key materials and fabrication processes of SOFC in this paper.