有机氟聚合物加固保护砂岩文物的可行性

报道了用有机氟聚合物渗透加固保护砂岩文物的研究,目的是提高文物的机械强度,阻止或减缓水的侵蚀。分别进行了渗透深度、抗压强度、持水量、冻融等实验,以评估加固保护效果及有机氟聚合物在砂石文物保护应用的可行性。结果表明,有机氟聚合物在砂石类文物的加固保护中具有良好效果。     

压裂新技术在滨685块深层低渗砂岩油藏的应用

胜利油田滨南采油厂到2011年已经连续12年上产,刚靠老区挖潜已无法保障上产的需要,所以滨南油田逐渐转向寻找隐蔽性油藏和深层低渗透油藏作为上产的主力阵地,但这些油藏开发难度很大,出油量少,必须进行油层的改造技术,所以压裂技术是油水井增产、增注的主要措施。     

低渗透砂岩储层微裂缝发育的测井识别方法研究

在低渗透砂岩储层中,识别微裂缝发育井段对于评价储层的意义很大。实验资料及已有的文献资料表明：在低渗透砂岩地层中微裂缝发育区井段的渗透性相对较好,井壁上能形成一定厚度的泥饼。基于此条件,利用泥饼的存在会使井壁反射的超声波能量降低原理。通过数值计算分析了四种典型低渗透砂岩地层条件下,在无泥饼时,及有泥饼时在不同泥饼厚度下超声波能量的降低程度;分析了采用分辨率高的声成像测井资料识别低渗透砂岩地层中的微裂缝发育区可行性;对比分析了在低渗透砂岩地层中的微裂缝发育区实际声成像资料的特征。并利用实际资料验证了相应的理论计算结果,初步论证了利用声成像测井资料可定性分析微裂缝的发育程度,定量分析有待进一步研究。     

高分子聚合物共混膜的气体渗透性能

本文选择了十余种高分子聚合物制备了单一材料的均质膜，并在此基础上研究了五种不同的高分子材料共混体系的成膜以及气体渗透性能。     

基于羟基磷灰石材料的风化脆弱骨质文物加固保护研究

考古发掘出土的风化骨质文物通常疏松多孔、力学强度低、质地脆弱,易出现翘曲、开裂、酥粉化等现象,亟需探索脆弱骨质文物加固保护的新方法。本研究采用羟基磷灰石前驱材料氧化钙-磷酸氢钙的醇分散液渗入脆弱骨质内部,再用蒸馏水渗入引发氧化钙与磷酸氢钙反应而生成羟基磷灰石连续相。该连续相能填充脆弱骨内部的孔隙和裂缝,并通过桥连黏接而加固骨质。利用电镜、能谱、XRD、色差、质量、孔隙率、密度和断面强度等研究考察了悬浮分散液中氧化钙与磷酸氢钙的质量配比(1:1、1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6、1:7)和施加方式(刷涂、滴渗和浸泡)对加固效果的影响,结果表明,悬浮分散液中氧化钙和磷酸氢钙的质量配比为1:3,且施加方式为刷涂时,加固处理效果最佳。经加固处理后,脆弱骨的孔隙率下降了17.3%,质量、密度和表面强度分别提高了38.39%、34.49%和16.32%,且其色差△E也小于3.0,符合文物保护要求。本研究为脆弱骨质文物的加固保护提供了新的有效方法。     

含裂隙砂岩破裂特征及微震和电荷感应信号规律试验研究

为了有效提取含裂隙砂岩失稳破坏的前兆信息,用试验方法研究了单轴压缩条件下完整砂岩和不同倾角裂隙砂岩的破坏特征及电荷感应信号和微震信号的规律。结果表明,裂隙的存在成为影响砂岩的单轴抗压强度和破坏特征的主要因素,随着裂隙倾角的减小,砂岩的单轴抗压强度会降低,破裂形式由拉剪复合破裂向剪切滑移破裂转变。完整试样微震与电荷信号只有在峰值应力附近出现高幅值波动,在加载初期压密阶段和弹性阶段信号较低;含裂隙岩样微震与电荷高幅值信号出现时间提前,高幅值脉冲数增多,且高幅值脉冲从完整试样只出现在峰值应力附近,到有裂隙时在岩石弹性后期出现多个高幅值脉冲数转变。当裂隙倾角由60°→45°→30°变化时,微震与电荷信号由开始的密集型信号向多个孤立型信号转变。微震信号与电荷信号并不是完全同步的,在岩石峰后阶段才有较好的\"协同性\"信号产生。岩石发生应力降是产生微震和电荷感应信号的充分非必要条件,将微震和电荷感应监测技术与岩体监测区域应力场分布结合指导现场实践有助于提高预测准确性和减少地质灾害的发生。     

温度和损伤程度对砂岩渗透特性影响的试验研究

岩石的渗透特性与许多地下工程的稳定与安全有关,而深部岩石工程环境所处的温度、应力以及自身损伤情况对渗透特性也有较大的影响.因此,有必要开展损伤岩石在不同温度、应力情况下渗透特性研究.利用GCTS高温高压动态岩石三轴仪、岩石全自动气体渗透率测试系统,对不同损伤程度砂岩进行了不同围压和实时温度的渗透特性试验.试验结果表明:...     

注浆锚固裂隙砂岩破裂模式和裂纹扩展特征

基于注浆锚固裂隙砂岩单轴压缩试验结果,研究了不同锚固作用下裂隙砂岩破裂模式,探讨了锚杆根数以及预应力对裂隙砂岩破裂特征的影响,分析了含两根锚杆裂隙砂岩变形破坏过程中裂纹萌生、扩展和演化规律。结果表明:随着锚杆根数增加,裂隙砂岩最终宏观破裂模式趋于复杂,对30°裂隙倾角而言,试样逐渐由拉伸破裂过渡到拉剪混合破裂模式;而对45°裂隙倾角而言,试样逐渐由剪切破裂过渡到拉剪混合破裂模式。预应力抑制了裂隙岩样中拉伸裂纹的扩展和延伸,使得呈现的裂纹数显著少于无预应力条件下试样的裂纹数。最后以典型锚固裂隙砂岩试样为例,分析了变形破坏全过程中裂纹扩展特征。注浆锚固裂隙砂岩具有显著渐近破裂特点。     

复杂环境下的减震保护控制爆破试验研究

利用爆炸地震波在介质中传播的衰减规律和在界面处的反射、折射规律,设计了二次减振保护控制爆破方案,并经现场实际监测验证,减震方案效果良好,较好地解决了邻近灌浆帷幕的洞挖爆破施工。     

摩崖石刻风化及其保护材料

从风化的内部因素和外部因素两方面综述了摩崖石刻腐蚀过程的风化机理和病害表现,分类介绍了目前用于摩崖石刻保护的无机、有机材料以及纳米、仿生等新型材料的研究进展,着重分析了各类保护材料的优缺点:并以重庆大足石刻为实例,展示了各种保护材料在龛窟岩体加固、造像防风化、水害治理、防霉防菌等方面的具体应用;最后展望了石刻风化保护材料未来的发展方向.     

Rheological study of microstructures and properties for polymeric materials

Rheological measurement has been a preferred approach in the characterization of the formation and evolu-tion of microstructures for multi-component or multi-phase polymeric material systems owing to i...     

Gradients in polymeric materials

In this paper we consider the structure and properties of polymeric materials possessing spatial gradients as well as potential applications of such materials.These gradients may be generated by varying the chemical nature of the monomers, the molecular constitution of the polymers and the supramolecular structure or morphology of the polymers. Gradients in each of these categories are possible for single-phase as well as heterophase systems. Such gradients are associated with gradients in properties.The properties considered are chemical, mechanical, biomedical and transport properties. Structural gradients in the polymeric system may lead to a desired gradient in a single property, or to a combination of more than one property which may assume optimum values in different regions of the material. In the latter case, one of the properties is frequently related to mechanical integrity.Possible applications of gradient polymeric systems include platic gasoline tanks, biomedical implants, and damping materials for a wide frequency range.     

New polymeric buffer materials with low driving voltage

We present excellent polymeric buffer materials based on the poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-N, N-di(phenyl)-N,N-di(3-carboethoxyphenyl)benzidine) (BFE) for highly efficient solution processed organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Doped BFE with 3,5-dinitrobenzonitrile (35DNBN), a strong electron acceptor results in significant improvement of current flow and driving voltage. Maximum current- and power-efficiency value of 7.2 cd/A and 5.5 lm/W are demonstrated from blue OLEDs with these doped polymeric anode buffer system. The 40 nm thick anode buffer material showed a similar current density-voltage (J-V) behavior to that of PEDOT:PSS based device. Results reveal a practical way to fabricate the highly efficient solution processed devices for low cost production of printing devices for the future.     

高分子吸油材料的研究进展

对吸油树脂的结构、吸油机理及性能评价进行了简单介绍。着重对聚合所用单体、交联情况、聚合条件等方面对吸油树脂的研究进展进行了全面的综述,并对最新的重要研究成果进行了阐述。     

导热高分子材料研究进展

讨论了提高聚合物导热性能的途径－合成高导热系数的结构聚合物,用高导热无机填料对聚合物进行填充复合。综述了导热高分子材料的研究成果：聚合物导热的基本概念和影响其导热性能的因素及导热系数的预测理论;聚合物基导热复合材料的选材、复合技术及其应用。指出了导热高分子材料的研究方向－－纳米导热填料的研究和开发;聚合物树脂基体的物理化学改性;聚合物基体与导热填料复合新技术的研究和开发;复合材料导热模型的建立、导热机理（特别是聚合物基体与导热填料界面的结构与性能对材料导热性能的影响）及导热通路的形成等;探索高导热本体聚合物材料的制备方法和途径等。对导热高分子材料的研究和开发有重要意义。     

Dynamic overstresses in fibrous polymeric materials

We have considered the problem of the dynamic stress redistribution in fibrous materials brought about by the failure of a single element. Our model consists of a number of aligned adjacent chains of harmonically coupled masses. Neighboring masses on adjacent chains are also coupled by shear-carrying springs. Depending upon the scope and assignment of parameters, the model might apply to aligned polymer chains in a crystal or amorphous environment, to filaments in a fiber, or to a fibrous composite material. At time t = 0, an intra-chain spring is broken and the motion of the masses in the local environment is followed by molecular dynamics. The dynamic loads carried by bonds in chains neighboring the defect oscillate with decreasing amplitude, ultimately reaching asymptotic values that can also be calculated exactly by harmonic analysis. We find that the maximum of the excess load carried by a spring in a chain adjacent to a defect is about two times the asymptotic value for two-dimensional arrays of chains and somewhat larger for three-dimensional arrays. The dependence of these quantities on the magnitude of the shear carrying spring constant is explored. These results have implications for a number of theoretical approaches to fiber and composite strength which use load-sharing models based on asymptotic values.     

高分子辐射材料的研究进展

介绍了高分子辐射材料的开发研究现状,重点论述了高分子防辐射屏蔽材料、辐射聚 合材料、辐射交联材料和辐射接枝材料的研究发展。     

Nanostructuring polymeric materials by templating strategies

This contribution summarizes efforts in designing, assembling/synthesizing, and structurally and functionally characterizing nanostructured materials using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) as a thin-film template. Optical waveguide spectroscopy, using a nanoporous template as the guiding structure, is a particularly powerful analytical tool. The layer-by-layer approach for the fabrication of multilayer assemblies is shown to allow the fabrication of nanotube arrays. In addition to using dendrimers as building blocks, semiconducting nanomaterial (e.g., quantum dot) hybrid architectures with very interesting photophysical properties can be assembled. These can be employed, for example, in biosensing applications. Other strategies for using the AAO layers as templates include the growth of polymeric nanorod arrays from different functional monomers, which, after the dissolution of the template, are still able to guide light. This opens up novel concepts for integrated optics platforms with nanostructured materials.     

Fatigue crack propagation in polymeric materials

In order to gain a better understanding of matrix-controlled fatigue failure processes in non-metallic materials a series of fatigue tests were performed on several different polymer materials representing different classes of mechanical response. Fatigue crack propagation rates between 5×10^–6 in. cycle^–1 (127 nm cycle^–1) and 4×10^–4 in. cycle^–1 (10 300 nm cycle^–1) were measured in nylon, polycarbonate, ABS resin, low-density polyethylene and polymethyl methacrylate. A strong correlation was found between the fatigue crack propagation rate and the stress intensity factor range prevailing at the advancing crack tip. Whereas metals exhibit comparable fatigue growth rates for a given stress intensity range when normalised with respect to their static elastic modulus, the polymer materials exhibited a 1300-fold difference in crack growth rate for a given normalised stress intensity range. This observation dramatically illustrates the importance of understanding molecular motion and energy dissipation processes in polymer materials as related to their chemistry and architecture. The relative behaviour of the different polymer materials could be generally correlated with their reported damping characteristics.     

聚合物基纳米复合材料的研究进展

对聚合物基纳米复合材料的研究进展进行了介绍,报道了有关聚合物基纳米复合材料制备方法的研究进展情况,并分别对聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料、环氧树脂基纳米复合材料、聚酯纳米复合材料、聚合物/碳纳米管纳米复合材料的研究发展情况给予了评述,同时对每种体系特点和存在的问题进行了论述,最后着重指出纳米复合材料制备方法、应用以及开发新的聚合物基纳米复合体系是今后的主要研究方向.