宽板坯连铸结晶器SEN结构和操作参数优化试验研究

以宽板坯连铸结晶器的4种断面宽度为原型,采用1∶1水模型进行试验,得到了在结晶器液面波动较合理时,倾角、底部形状和吐出孔数量等最优的浸入式水口结构参数,以及水口浸入深度、水口吹气量、拉速范围等最优的工艺操作参数.     

板坯结晶器内流场作用下钢液传热凝固的数值模拟

以钢厂230 mm×2 150 mm板坯连铸机为研究对象,通过三维数值模拟分析了拉坯速度(0.8～2.3m/min)、水口浸入深度(100～200 mm)、铸坯宽度(1 100～2 150 mm)对结晶器内流场作用下的钢液传热、凝固特征的影响。结果表明,拉坯速度等参数变化不会改变结晶器内钢液流动的基本特征,但会显著影响到结晶器内窄边坯壳的发育状况。水口浸深、铸坯宽度和拉坯速度的变化对于结晶器熔池液面钢水过热度也有不同程度影响:小断面,大拉速和水口浸入深度较小时熔池液面过热度较大,最大达6.2 K。     

连铸板坯浸入式水口吹氩工艺研究

研究了浸入式水口吹氩工艺对铸坯质量的影响。进行了实验室物理模拟,实施了改进浇注条件下单流连铸机稳态与非稳态下的现场试验研究。分析结果表明,目前在连铸板坯浸入式水口吹氩工艺设置上存在一定误区,应将水口不堵塞作为吹氩工艺设置的最终目标,而吹氩造成的液面波动等情况可作为实际控制时的间接参考依据。实际吹氩量标准大断面临界吹氩量可稍大,同样断面条件下,高拉速吹气量设置小而低拉速则吹气量设置大。在保证生产顺行情况下,通过对结晶器吹氩气量的优化设置,可减少铸坯针孔等缺陷的产生。     

宽板坯连铸结晶器内液面波动的数值模拟

以150 mm×(1 600～3 250) mm宽板坯连铸结晶器为研究对象,利用大型商业软件ANSYS CFX10.0建立了一个三维有限体积模型,采用多相流的VOF模型对结晶器内保护渣-钢液界面波动进行数值模拟,重点研究了拉速、水口倾角、铸坯断面宽度等工艺参数对结晶器内液面波动的影响.结果表明:随着结晶器宽度、拉速的增加,液面波动明显增大;采用较大的水口倾角,可以抑制液面波动,减少卷渣.     

结晶器内氩气泡分布及钢渣界面波动行为

建立了1∶0.6的结晶器水模型和结晶器原型数学模型,采用高速摄像机及分析软件研究了连铸工艺参数对结晶器水模型内气泡分布行为的影响;采用离散相模型和VOF模型的数学模拟方法,研究了连铸工艺参数对结晶器内气泡分布和钢渣界面波动行为的影响。结果表明,通过数学模拟获得的结晶器内气泡分布和水模型试验结果吻合性较好;增加吹氩量,结晶器内氩气泡尺寸增大,分布更均匀;吹氩可以降低结晶器窄面附近区域钢液的波高,但会导致水口附近波动加剧;增大拉速时,结晶器内氩气泡尺寸减小,分布更均匀,结晶器窄面波高增大,水口附近液面波高显著降低;增大水口倾角和浸入深度,有助于抑制水口附近和窄面附近的波动,气泡在结晶器内的分布相对较为均匀,气泡尺寸变化不显著。拉速为1.2 m/min、水口倾角为15°、水口浸入深度为160 mm,较优的吹氩量为4 L/min。研究结果可以为优化工艺参数、防止钢液卷渣、提高铸坯质量提供理论依据。     

板坯连铸机结晶器内钢液流场的数值模拟

基于流体力学的基本理论,利用商业软件fluent的,κ-ε湍流模型,实现了对结晶器内钢液流场的三维数学模拟.重点分析了浸入式水口的形状、插入深度、水口侧孔倾角以及拉速等工艺参数对结晶器钢液流场的影响.结果表明,对于断面为1280 mm × 180 mm的板坯结晶器,水口插入深度为150 mm,水口倾角为向下15°,拉坯速度为1 m/min时,结晶器内的流场较好.     

板坯连铸结晶器内钢液表面流速水模研究

以某厂板坯连铸结晶器为原型,采用1：1的水模型进行模拟实验,研究表明：增加拉速、减小水口的浸入深度、减小水口出口向下的倾角以及增加水口的吹气量均会增加结晶器内钢液的表面流速、增大结晶器内卷渣的倾向,其中拉速的增加对表面流速的影响最大。     

板坯连铸结晶器内氩气泡行为的模拟研究

针对氩气泡在板坯连铸结晶器中的运动行为,以190 mm×1 900 mm板坯连铸结晶器原型为研究对象,采用水力学模型及数值模拟的方法,重点研究了拉速为1.7 m/min时不同水口吹气量对结晶器内气泡大小、气泡分布、液面波动、渣-金行为等的影响。研究结果表明:随着水口吹气量增加,气泡尺寸逐渐增加,结晶器窄边气泡数量不断减少,气泡大都聚集在水口附近上浮,水口吹气量是引起乳化卷渣、水口附近液面裸露及卷渣等的主要因素。     

宽板坯连铸结晶器内卷渣现象试验研究

结合宽板坯连铸结晶器的4种断面尺寸,采用1:1水模型进行试验,研究了浸入式水口吹气量、水口浸入深度、水口吐出孔数、水口底部形状、拉速和结晶器断面宽度等工艺参数对结晶器内流体流动行为的影响情况,观察到结晶器内水口周围有旋涡卷渣和液面扰动卷渣,断面1/4区域是液面扰动卷渣,窄面区域有"类旋涡"卷渣和剪切卷渣.结果表明,结晶器内的卷渣与各种工艺参数是相关的,对工艺参数进行优化,就可减少卷渣的发生.     

大板坯连铸结晶器内流场实验研究

文中通过大板坯连帮结晶器的水模实验，研究了结晶器宽度、拉速、浸入式水口出口角、水口浸入深度及水口吹气量等工艺参数分别变化结晶器内流场的特性。认为，以水口吹气的影响最大；得出了不同工艺条件下的临界吹气量值。     

Interracial Fluctuation Behavior of Steel/Slag in Medium-Thin Slab Continuous Casting Mold With Argon Gas Injection

The flow field of molten steel and the interfacial behaviour between molten steel and liquid slag layer in medium-thin slab continuous casting mold with argon gas injection were studied by numerical simulation, in which the effects of nozzle submergence depth and port angle, casting speed, and argon gas flow rate on the flow and the level fluctuation of molten steel were considered. The results show that the molten steel is jetted from the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) with three ports into the mold and forms three recirculation zones including one upper recirculation zone and two lower recirculation zones. Argon gas injection results in a secondary vortex flow in the upper zone near the nozzle. For a given casting speed and argon gas flow rate, increasing the side port angle and submergence depth of nozzle can effectively restrain the steel/slag interfacial fluctuation. Increasing the casting speed would prick up the level fluctuation. For a fixed casting speed, argon gas flow rate has a critical value, the interfacial fluctuation with argon gas injection are stronger than the case without argon gas injection when the argon gas flow rate is less than the critical value, but when the argon gas flow rate exceeds the critical value, the level fluctuation is calmer than that without argon gas injection.     

Interfacial Fluctuation Behavior of Steel/Slag in Medium-Thin Slab Continuous Casting Mold With Argon Gas Injection

 The flow field of molten steel and the interfacial behaviour between molten steel and liquid slag layer in medium-thin slab continuous casting mold with argon gas injection was studied by numerical simulation, in which the effects of nozzle submergence depth and port angle, casting speed, and argon gas flow rate on the flow and the level fluctuation of molten steel were considered. The results show that the molten steel jet from the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) with three ports into the mold and form three re-circulation zones including one upper re-circulation zone and two lower re-circulation zones. Argon gas injection results in a secondary vortex flow in the upper zone near the nozzle. For a given casting speed and argon gas flow rate, increasing the side port angle and submergence depth of nozzle can effectively restrain the steel/slag interfacial fluctuation. Increasing the casting speed would prick up the level fluctuation. For a fixed casting speed, argon gas flow rate has a critical value, the interfacial fluctuation with argon gas injection are stronger than the case without argon gas injection when the argon gas flow rate is less than the critical value, but when the argon gas flow rate exceeds the critical value, the level fluctuation is calmer than that without argon gas injection.     

中间包上水口环形吹氩下气泡大小和迁移行为研究

摘要：通过水模型实验研究了上水口环形吹氩工艺下中间包和结晶器内气泡形貌,并结合数值模拟分析了透气砖位置、拉坯速度和吹氩量对中间包和结晶器内气泡尺寸、气泡迁移和中间包近液面钢液流动的影响。结果表明：上水口环形吹氩形成以塞棒为中心的圆台状气泡羽流,气泡浓度沿径向向外逐渐减少;附壁效应使得气泡羽流偏向塞棒壁面流动,增大气泡的碰撞聚并概率和近塞棒壁面的羽流上升速度,对中间包液面产生较大冲击作用;同时,部分细小气泡会随钢液进入水口及结晶器内部;增大吹氩量,中间包内环形气泡羽流中气泡数目明显增多,中间包近液面钢液上升速度增大;增大拉坯速度,环形气泡羽流的宽度和气泡数量逐渐减小,近液面速度减小;增大透气环距水口中心距离,中间包内气泡弥散度增大,环形气泡羽流宽度也随之增大,气泡羽流对中间包液面冲击作用减弱;增大吹氩量和拉坯速度、减小透气环距水口中心距离,进入结晶器的气量和气泡尺寸逐渐增大。实验条件下,透气环内外径为110mm/140mm、拉坯速度为1.2m/min时,吹氩量为4L/min较为合适。     

Study on dimension and migration behavior of bubble under annular argon blowing at tundish upper nozzle

The water model experiments were carried out to study the bubble morphology in the tundish and mold with the process of annular argon blowing at tundish upper nozzle. The effects of the position of gas permeable brick, the casting speed and the argon flow rate on the bubble size distribution, the bubble migration behavior and the flow behavior of liquid steel near the liquid level in tundish were further investigated, coupled with the numerical simulation. The results show that with the process of annular argon blowing at tundish upper nozzle, a frustum cone shaped bubble plume can be formed around the stopper rod. The concentration of argon bubbles gradually decreases outward along the radial direction of the stopper rod. Owing to the wall attached effect, the bubble plumes float upward along the stopper rod, which can increase the collision probability between bubbles and the velocity of bubble plumes, causing a larger impact strength on the liquid level in tundish. In addition, a part of small bubbles are wrapped into the nozzle and the mold due to the drag force of liquid steel. With increasing argon flow rate, the number of bubbles in annular bubble plumes and the vertical velocity of liquid steel near the liquid level in tundish increase significantly. With increasing casting speed, the width and the bubble number of annular bubble plumes gradually decrease, leading to a decrease of the vertical velocity of liquid steel near the liquid level in tundish. Increasing the distance between the annular gas permeable brick and the center of tundish upper nozzle, the dispersion of bubbles and the width of bubble plumes increase, and the impact strength of bubbles acting on the liquid level in tundish becomes weaker. As the argon flow rate and the casting speed increase, and the distance between the gas permeable brick and the center of tundish upper nozzle decreases, the gas volume and bubble size in the mold increase. Under the experimental conditions, when the inner and outer diameters of the annular gas permeable brick are 110mm and 140mm, respectively, and the casting speed is 1.2m/min, the appropriate argon flow rate is 4L/min.     

1 850 mm×230 mm板坯连铸结晶器流场与温度场数值模拟

为研究连铸工艺参数对结晶器内部钢液的作用规律,对涟钢1 850 mm×230 mm板坯连铸结晶器流场和温度场进行了系统的数值模拟,研究了不同吹氩量(0～7 L/min)、不同水口浸入深度(110～150 mm)和不同拉速(0.9～1.2 m/min)对结晶器内钢液行为的综合影响。结果表明,随着吹氩量增加,自由液面的钢液流速和温度总体呈现降低的趋势;随着水口浸入深度增加,自由液面的钢液流速先降低后增加;随着拉速增加,自由液面的钢液流速增加;水口浸入深度和拉速对温度场的影响较小。当吹氩量为5 L/min、水口浸入深度为130 mm、拉速为0.9 m/min时,结晶器自由液面具有较小的钢液流速和湍动能,同时液面具有较好的温度均匀性。通过数值模拟研究,为合理选择结晶器相关工艺参数提供了理论依据。     

宝钢一炼钢厂连铸机结晶器浸入式水口吹氩的水模研究

针对宝钢一炼钢厂的结晶器吹氩水口进行了 1∶1水模实验 ,研究了不同板坯宽度、拉速、水口出水口面积、出水口角度、浸入深度和吹气量等条件下结晶器液面波动和流股在窄面的冲击点的变化情况 ,并提供了水口优化设计及操作参数 ,为提高连铸生产率及铸坯质量提供了依据。     

吹氩板坯结晶器水模型实验研究

采用1：2.5的相似比,以1 500 mm×280 mm断面的结晶器为原型建立水模型,试验研究了在吹氩条件下拉速,水口倾角、吹气量和浸入深度对液面波动的影响,并分析了在试验条件下的卷渣行为,研究结果表明在吹氩条件下主要存在气泡群冲击卷渣和类漩涡卷渣两种方式。     

吹氩连铸结晶器液面波动行为的时频分析

时频分析是一种研究波动信号特征、揭示波动现象内在机理的有效方法。将时频分析方法应用于吹氩连铸结晶器内的液面波动特性研究,采用水模型试验获取液面波动数据进行时频分析,研究吹氩量、拉速、水口浸入深度和结晶器宽度等工艺参数对液面波动行为的影响,探究液面波动的内在机理。结果表明,振幅较高的频率集中在0～2.5 Hz,其中振幅最大的主频率位于0.1 Hz附近,此外1.5 Hz和2.5 Hz处也存在较高的峰值;通过时域分析发现,增大吹氩量和拉速、或减小水口浸入深度和结晶器宽度将加剧液面波动;通过频域分析发现,拉速、水口浸入深度、结晶器宽度与液面波动主频率有较强的关联性,说明三者均与液面波动的主要振动源高度相关。     

吹氩连铸结晶器液面波动行为的时频分析

时频分析是一种研究波动信号特征、揭示波动现象内在机理的有效方法。将时频分析方法应用于吹氩连铸结晶器内的液面波动特性研究,采用水模型试验获取液面波动数据进行时频分析,研究吹氩量、拉速、水口浸入深度和结晶器宽度等工艺参数对液面波动行为的影响,探究液面波动的内在机理。结果表明,振幅较高的频率集中在0~2.5 Hz,其中振幅最大的主频率位于0.1 Hz附近,此外1.5 Hz和2.5 Hz处也存在较高的峰值;通过时域分析发现,增大吹氩量和拉速、或减小水口浸入深度和结晶器宽度将加剧液面波动;通过频域分析发现,拉速、水口浸入深度、结晶器宽度与液面波动主频率有较强的关联性,说明三者均与液面波动的主要振动源高度相关。     

Turbulent flow of liquid steel and argon bubbles in slide-gate tundish nozzles: Part II. Effect of operation conditions and nozzle design

A three-dimensional (3-D) finite-volume model, developed and validated in Part I of this two-part article, is employed to study steady-state two-phase turbulent flow of liquid steel and argon bubbles through slide-gate tundish nozzles. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effects of gas injection, slide-gate orientation, casting speed, gate opening, bubble size, port angle, and port shape on the flow pattern and characteristics of the jet exiting the nozzle port. Argon gas injection bends the jet angle upward, enhances the turbulence level, and reduces the size of the backflow zone. Gas injection becomes less influential with increasing casting speed. The off-center blocking effect of the slide gate generates an asymmetric flow that changes with the gate orientation. The 0-deg gate orientation creates the worst biased flow between the two ports. The 90-deg orientation generates significant swirl and directs the jet slightly toward one of the wide faces. The 45-deg orientation generates both types of asymmetry and, thus, appears undesirable. The horizontal jet angle indicates asymmetric flow in the horizontal plane. It increases with decreasing gate opening and decreasing gas injection rate and ranges from 3 to 5 deg. Most jet characteristics reach their maximum or minimum values near the critical opening of 60 pct (linear).Larger bubbles exert a greater influence on the flow pattern. The vertical jet angle becomes steeper with a steeper port angle and more slender port shape. These results will be useful for nozzle design and for future modeling of flow in the mold.