钯膜反应器柴油重整制氢模拟与验证

为了研究钯膜反应器柴油重整制氢工艺的反应规律,对其进行热力学和动力学建模,并通过实验验证模型的准确性。采用顺序模块法将钯膜反应器分为连续的子反应器和子分离器,模拟钯膜反应器的反应分离耦合过程,通过灵敏度分析,研究钯膜反应器中各反应因素等对氢气收率的影响规律。结果表明,钯膜反应器较无膜反应器可突破热力学平衡的限制,减小反应体积,在低温下可获得较高的氢气产率。在一定条件下模拟结果与实验值误差为8.9%,证明该仿真模型可对实验研究起到预测和指导作用。     

合成工段提高醋酸乙烯产量的可行性探讨

探讨了改造液滴分离器FN-106、气体混合槽SB-111有效降低合成工序气体中夹带有害液滴的原理；分析了反应器入口温度对反应器内部反应的影响；提出了提高醋酸乙烯产量、质量的两条有效途径。     

催化无机膜反应器简介

介绍了选择性穿透膜的分类、传递分子的机理及催化无机膜反应器的特点－－包括反应与分离的结合，不同反应的耦合等。     

膜催化反应器的分析与模拟

分析了膜反应器的出现、发展和最新研究。论述了几种膜反应器中气体的传递机理,定量分析了膜反应器中控制传递与反应的模型方程式以及计算机模拟和实验研究结果。最后评价了两类膜反应器的操作特性,以⊿n<0、⊿n=0和⊿n>0三类不同的催化反应作为模型反应与传统的PFR 和 MFR 的操作特性作了对比。     

钯膜反应器及分离器的研发进展

氢气在钯膜中的传递服从"溶解-扩散"机理。钯膜可以单独组成膜分离器,用于生产高纯度的氢气,也可以与氢气的生产过程相耦合,形成钯膜反应器,用于通过再线的氢气分离打破制氢过程的化学反应平衡,一步法生产高纯氢气。主要介绍了当前膜分离器和反应器的研发进展,介绍了几种膜分离器及反应器的概念设计,并指出了钯膜技术的发展方向。     

膜反应器的数学模型

膜反应器是一种新型的反应装置,具有反应功能和分离功能。以化学反应工程的观点,建立了一级可逆反应的膜反应器的数学模型,通过反应速率和分离速率偶合的联立动力学方程求解方法,使用BASIC语言编制程序,采用IBM微机计算,最后得出关于膜反应器的几个基本结论。通过计算,在一定设计和操作条件下,这些关系对于研究膜反应器是有益的。     

多级串联理想混合反应器变型设计方程

多级串联理想混合反应器变型设计方程刘金廷，刘雪雁（吉林工学院化学工程系，长春１３００１２）在用多级串联理想混合反应的操作方程式及求解时，常常为了简化问题令其各级反应器为等容、等温的状况下进行反应。尤其是用公式法计算多级串联理想混合反应器时，又多以一级...     

膜反应器的理论分析

以化学反应工程的观点,对一级可逆反应的膜反应器进行了理论分析。建立了反应速率和分离速率偶合的联立动力学方程求解方法,得出关于膜反应器的几个基本结论。1.膜反应器能促进反应效果必须具备下列条件:(1)膜的选择性 S_m 要远大于反应平衡常数 K_o 的倒数S_,》K_c~(-1)(2)正反应的速率常数 k 比反应物 R 的分离速率常数 k_R 要大一些。2.膜反应器的理想最大转化率 X_mX_m=1/[1+(S_mK_c)~(-1)]3.当无因次参数 m 为7.9时,膜反应器的相对转化率η为99%,且应该在 m≥7.9附近进行操作。4.膜反应器的各种参数与促进反应效果的最适宜的操作条件有关。通过分析,确定了膜反应器的总转化率有某一个理想的最大值,可得到理想的最大转化率、膜的选择性和平衡常数之间的关系。在设计条件和操作条件下,这种关系对于所研究的膜反应器是有效的。     

气固超短接触反应系统中颗粒轴向及径向混合行为研究

气固超短接触反应系统中颗粒轴向及径向混合行为研究魏飞，陈卫，金涌，俞芷青（清华大学化工系，北京１０００８４）关键词：气固超短接触反应器，磷光示踪，颗粒混合１前言气－固并流下行循环流化床反应器是一种新型气固超短接触反应器￣［１］，与传统的提升管反应器相...     

用多孔金属—SiO2复合膜反应器进行CO水蒸汽变换反应

用自制的多孔金属－ＳｉＯ２复合膜组装成一种新颖的膜反应器，利用ＣＯ变换反应考察该膜反应器的性能实验系统地考察了反应温度，空速、水／气比和只发气流量对ＣＯ转化率的影响。结果表明，在相同的反应条件下，膜反应器的转化率比固定床反应器的转化率提高４－１１％左右，最高可达２０％。     

陶瓷膜连续反应器的设计与工程应用

膜反应器是结合膜技术和反应器,将反应和分离两个单元操作耦合成为一个单元过程的系统,可简化流程、节约成本、提高产品质量并减少环境污染。本文就陶瓷膜连续反应器运行过程中存在的膜与反应过程优化、超细颗粒吸附、膜污染等关键问题作了阐述,并以重要的沉淀反应与非均相催化反应为对象,介绍了连续膜反应器的设计及工程应用进展。     

Application of membrane reactor for dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene

Two types of membrane reactors have been constructed in order to evaluate the influence of membrane reactor configuration on the performance of the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene in a porous alumina membrane reactor. The type I construction combine reaction and separation in the same space. The type II configuration is comprised of three parts, i.e., reaction prior to separation, reaction and separation, and reaction after separation. The results showed that the overall yield of styrene in Type I is only 4% higher than that of the fixed bed reactor at 893 K, while 11 % enhancement in yield to styrene was obtained with Type II through optimizing the reaction conditions.     

多孔陶瓷膜反应器用于非均相超细纳米催化的研究进展(英文)

Heterogeneous catalysts with ultrafine or nano particle size have currently attracted considerable attentions in the chemical and petrochemical production processes, but their large-scale applications remain challenging because of difficulties associated with their efficient separation from the reaction slurry. A porous ceramic membrane reactor has emerged as a promising method to solve the problem concerning catalysts separation in situ from the reaction mixture and make the production process continuous in heterogeneous catalysis. This article presents a review of the present progress on porous ceramic membrane reactors for heterogeneous catalysis, which covers classification of configurations of porous ceramic membrane reactor, major considerations and some important industrial applications. A special emphasis is paid to major considerations in term of application-oriented ceramic membrane design, optimization of ceramic membrane reactor performance and membrane fouling mechanism. Finally, brief concluding remarks on porous ceramic membrane reactors are given and possible future research interests are also outlined.     

生物柴油新反应器及其应用

生物柴油是石化柴油的重要补充.用传统的搅拌釜和管式反应器制备生物柴油,存在反应速率慢、转化率低的问题.从提高反应速率和转化率两方面综述了生物柴油新反应器的研究进展.提高反应速率的反应器包括:微波反应器、空化反应器、旋转床反应器、振荡流反应器、高剪切反应器、静态反应器、微反应器和液液膜反应器.提高转化率的反应器包括:反应/分离器、反应蒸馏反应器和膜反应器.比较了它们的优势和缺陷.提出联合使用几种技术,将强化传质与分离技术进行有效整合,使反应器小型化并缩短工艺流程,以建立适应未来的生产效率高的便携式生物柴油厂.     

微孔无机膜反应器研究

主要介绍了无机膜在化学反应中的应用－－膜反应器研究，对膜反应器的特点、类型、应用、影响因素以及与其它反应器的比较进行了评述，并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

DIRECT OXIDATION OF ETHYLENE TO ACETALDEHYDE IN A HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE REACTOR†

A hollow fiber membrane reactor, which resembles a tube-and-shell heat exchanger, was developed for homogeneous catalytic reactions with gas reactants and products. The gas stream flows through the tube side while the reaction takes place in the catalyst solution which fills the shell side. The separation load of product from the catalyst solution can be reduced by using a hollow fiber membrane reactor instead of a conventional bubble column reactor. The reactor operates in a plug-flow pattern with a large mass transfer area per unit volume of catalyst solution

This concept was investigated experimentally using the direct oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde reaction in an aqueous solution of palladium (H) chloride-cupric chloride with a silicone rubber membrane reactor and a polypropylene membrane reactor. It was experimentally demonstrated that membrane reactors could achieve higher production rates per unit volume of catalyst than the conventional sparged reactor. The experimental data were in good agreement with the predictions by the mathematical model. The conditions under which the membrane reactor will be more advantageous than the conventional sparged reactors can be readily ascertained with the analytical solution of the simplified membrane reactor model.     

沸石膜反应器苯脱氢反应性能

采用管式沸石膜反应器,研究了乙苯脱氢反应生成苯乙烯的性能。考察了不同渗透分离性能的沸石膜对乙苯脱氢反应的影响和不同沸石膜反应器上乙苯脱氢反应的规律。结果表明,与固定床操作条件下相比,沸石膜反应器乙苯转化率可提高近10％－16％,苯乙烯选择性可提高3％－5％。渗透分离性能是决定沸石膜提高脱氢反应性能的最重要因素,H2渗透量越大、H2／C3H8分离系数越高,对反应越有利。渗透分离性能相近但类型不同的沸石膜对乙苯脱氢反应性能有差异,其中Fe-ZSM-5沸石膜反应性能较好,这是杂原子Fe进入沸石骨架后引起的。反应后膜的渗透分离性能略有变化。     

Simulations of the effect of hydrodynamic conditions and properties of membranes on the catalytic performance of a fluidized-bed membrane reactor for partial oxidation of methane

In a fluidized-bed membrane reactor the selectivity of separation can be controlled by influencing the hydrodynamics of the fluidized bed. In this reactor type, with the mass transport limitation between bubbles and the emulsion phase, even with the non-selective membranes, high selectivity of separation can be achieved. This opens the possibility for applications of membrane reactors for reaction systems for which selective membranes do not exist, e.g. when Knudsen-type membranes or form-selective separation can not be applied. This paper is aimed at explaining the interaction between the selectivity of separation and the hydrodynamics of the fluidized bed by means of simulations that were performed for a fluidized-bed membrane reactor for catalytic partial oxidation of methane.     

Nanoliter scale microloop reactor with rapid mixing ability for biochemical reaction

The mixing rate is a crucial factor in determining the reaction rate and product distribution in reactors for academic and industrial application. Especially, in pharmaceutical or dangerous chemistry, it is essential to create rapidly homogeneous mixture under the control of a small volume of precious sample. In this study, we propose a microloop reactor that is capable of rapid mixing for homogeneous reaction by utilizing programmable actuated microvalves (PAVs), which can generate the rotary flow rapid mixing in the reactor. The microloop reactor is composed of a stacked layered structure, which is prepared by a soft lithography method. The top layer (fluidic layer) has microchannels for supplying each reagent that is assembled with the bottom layer (control layer). The bottom layer has ultrathin polymer membrane, which can be an on-off valve to precisely control the nanoliter-scale volume of reagents in the reactor. To evaluate mixing performance, we use peroxidase reaction that produces fluorescent by-product (resorufin), thereby observing how fast they are mixed together. We quantify the uniformity of fluorescent intensity throughout the reaction loop, indicating that our proposed microloop reactor exhibits a homogeneous reaction. We envision the microreactor has potential to provide optimized microenvironments in which to perform dangerous chemistry, pharmaceuticals.     

超重力撞击流-旋转填料床液-液接触过程强化技术的研究进展

超重力液-液接触过程强化是一个崭新的研究领域,文中详细阐述了实现超重力液-液接触的撞击流-旋转填料床（IS-RPB）装置的结构及其接触和反应过程机制,着重介绍了混合过程和机制原理、混合特性的实验表征,并与常用混合器的混合效果进行了对比。从应用研究方面,分别介绍了IS-RPB在液-液萃取、液膜分离方面的基础及应用研究情况,并与普通方法进行了比较;从反应工程的角度,分析了超重力液-液反应过程及在超细粉体制备等方面的研究应用进展。对该技术今后的研究方向及发展进行了预测。