Union and Open Shop Labor Cost Differences

One area within the construction industry that has dramatically changed is the growth of open shop construction. This growth suggests that open shop general contractors may have a competitive advantage over union general contractors. This paper investigates productivity and wage rate variances between Colorado open shop and union general contractors on projects completed since January 1981. Though there is little productivity variance, a significant variance of wage rates indicate the Colorado open shop general contractor presently has a clear overall labor advantage. The productivity and wage rate variance of 29 individual project job tasks were investigated. Data was collected from 35 union and 20 open shop contractors' project labor costs reports. Additional information was collected during interviews with representatives of eleven general contractors. The productivity and wage rate variances are described by individual job tasks; by the union craft jurisdictions of laborers, carpenters, ironworkers, and cement finishers; and by an overall comparison between open shop and union general contractors.     

天津钢管公司直接还原厂工厂设计

天津钢管公司直接还原厂采用了Davy-DRC直接还原技术,工厂年产直接还原铁30万t。该厂由原料车间、回转窑车间以及公用、辅助设施等组成,其中原料车间由受卸系统等6个系统组成,回转窑车间由日用料仓及上料系统等4个系统组成,公用、辅助设施包括检化验、维修及自动控制等设施。     

加工图的理论研究现状与展望

综述了基于动态材料模型（DMM）加工图的研究进展,重点介绍了DMM的原理,对比分析了几种常见的塑性失稳判断准则的优缺点,在二维加工图的基础上建立了包含应变的三维加工图,说明了功率耗散系数和流变失稳区域随温度、应变速率和应变的变化。通过DMM加工图分析了材料成形过程中各种变形机制,并研究了合金的组织演变规律,为确定镁合金的热加工工艺制度提供理论依据以及更便捷的途径,并进一步阐明了加工图的发展方向。     

我省城市中不规范店名的考察

点评了若干需要规范的地方,如店名的译名问题、店名的拼音问题、店名的繁体字及异体字问题,同时探究了不规范店名的原因及危害,在此基础上提出了若干解决的办法.     

阳极组装车间的生产特点与项目建设

阳极组装衔接电解、炭素的工艺位置,流程型的工艺特点,多工步集成的工艺设备,多类型设备的联动以及交叉的设备布置,使得阳极组装系统与外部系统之间表现为较强的关联性。因而对车间的工艺流程、设备性能、单体设备与阳极组装系统和厂房结构间的适应性等提出必然的要求,加之生产过程的程序控制对企业信息化底层基础的实际形成,需要在项目建设中加以关注。     

Development of continuous casting at OAO MMK

The introduction of continuous casting at OAO MMK was a historic event, marking the end of uneconomical chill casting. Thanks to the introduction of continuous casting in the oxygen-converter shop, improvement in casting-machine design, and expansion of the range of steel that can be cast, unique casting characteristics have been attained: high productivity (more than 10 million t/yr), long casting runs (up to 208 melts), infrequent accidents, low rejection rates of the steel, and high quality of the continuous-cast slabs. The introduction of continuous casting in the converter shop provided a stimulus to the reconstruction of the open-hearth shop as an electrosmelting shop and the installation there of two bar-casting machines and one slab-casting machine.     

锻造车间的环境因素分析及其劳动保护对策

结合锻造车间的实际现状，依据国家相关规定，对锻造车间的环境因素进行了分析，并提出了劳动保护对策。     

Development of the continuous casting of steel at the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Combine

In 2007, the electric steelmaking shop at the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Combine operated with two continuous slab casters made by Uralmash, while the oxygen converter shop had two continuous section casters made by the Danieli company. It was decided that the two Uralmash casters will be replaced by a single Danieli caster. The shop has also mastered a technology for casting corrosion-resistant, reinforcement-grade, pseudo-rimming, and low-and medium-carbon steels. Plans call for further expansion of the range of grades of steel that can be cast.     

攀成钢2×30m~2烧结机增产实践

本文主要介绍了炼铁厂一烧车间要保持高水平生产所面临的主要问题,以及一烧车间在钒钛磁铁矿烧结、治理漏风、烧结设备点检与维护等方面所做的工作。     

Use of 140-ton ladles to transport liquid pig iron

At the end of 2003, the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Combine began to use 140-ton ladles instead of 100-ton ladles to transport liquid pig iron to its oxygen converter shop. The larger ladles comprised roughly 55% of the ladle stock in 2006 and transported 65% of the pig iron to the shop. Use of the 140-ton ladles has markedly improved adherence to the tapping schedule and sharply reduced the number of inadequately processed blast-furnace heats. It has also increased the temperature of the pig iron in the converter shop due to the smaller heat losses in the larger ladles.     

平炉改转炉后除尘状况的分析及改进

对武钢一炼钢厂“平改转”后除尘系统存在的问题进行分析。阐述了“平改转”后除尘的现状,研究了除尘工艺设计中的缺陷,分析了在生产过程中所存在的问题,提出了解决这些缺陷及问题的措施和对策。     

Effectiveness of a new automated control system for vacuum-arc remelting

At OAO Metallurgicheskii Zavod Elektrostal, a new automated control system for vacuum-arc remelting has been introduced at vacuum-arc furnace 8. The quality of the ingots obtained after vacuum-arc remelting with the new and old control systems in smelting shop 6 is compared, for EI435 alloy. In vacuumarc remelting, the quality of ingots from furnace 8 exceeds that for ingots from furnace 10. After treatment of the ingots in a 6300 press in forging and pressing shop 2 and in the 250/350 mill in rolling shop 3, metal savings of up to 83 kg per metric ton are noted for the products based on ingots from furnace 8.     

钢卷热处理调度的数学模型与算法研究

主要讨论某钢铁公司冷轧厂热处理车间的罩式炉生产调度问题,将其归结为组合优化中的不允许等待的混合流水车间排序问题进行研究,建立数学模型,设计贪婪算法,并用数值实验验证了模型的合理性和算法的有效性。     

Mastering a Steel Treatment Unit in an Oxygen-Converter Shop

A unit designed to treat steel (UST) was introduced in the oxygen-converter shop of the Mechel plant to expand the product mix, improve the quality of the steel, and make it more competitive. During its startup, the shop mastered the production of ao steels 20G2R, 40Kh, 50KhGFA, 60S2A, and other grades.     

改造焦油生产系统提高生产能力

通过分析焦化厂焦油车间的生产现状,改造工艺设备,实现了焦油加工能力的大幅提高,保证了焦油副产品的产量、质量的稳定,减少了原料焦油的外卖,为公司多生产高附加值产品.     

Modern small-capacity unit for the vacuum-oxygen refining of steel

A vacuum-oxygen refining unit has been installed in the pouring and furnace bays of electric steelmaking shop No. 2 at the Zlatoust Metallurgical Plant. The shop specializes in the production and casting of stainless, chromium-nickel, and complex-alloyed steels, alloyed high-speed and tool steels, and nickel alloys. The unit can be used to perform both vacuum degassing and vacuum oxygen refining.     

基于ASP技术的网上购物模块的设计与实现

网上商店流程图的设计采用方框图的形式 ,购物程序的实现采用模块化设计 .着重就会员制的技术实现、商品种类的添加及数量的修改、客户邮件的处理等方面作较为详细的技术描述 ,对利用ASP技术实现网上商店的常见问题进行探讨     

攀钢V_2O_5生产中连续浸出料浆固液分离的研究

阐述了在Ｖ＿２Ｏ＿５生产中，浸出底流产生的原因及影响底流量的因素。分析了攀钢Ｖ＿２Ｏ＿５车间投产以来浸出生产中存在的问题，并针对存在的问题和车间现有设备条件提出了改进措施，在生产中使用取得了良好效果。     

Virtual Shop Model for Experimental Planning of Steel Fabrication Projects

Traditionally, project planning in industrial shops, such as in a steel fabrication shop, has employed the experience of production engineers as its primary source in decision making. A scientific technique for analyzing a variety of short-term planning problems encountered during daily operations would therefore be of great benefit. This paper proposes the use of experimental methods to support engineers in analyzing daily production performance and making informed decisions through the implementation of a virtual production environment. In this study, a virtual shop model using a number of modeling techniques captures the intricacies of a dynamic shop environment. Specifically, the research presents solutions in modeling product uniqueness and labor productivity that are unique issues in modeling the steel fabrication process. A prototype model developed for an Edmonton-based steel fabricator is used to illustrate the development of the system and its application in project planning.