Flow Properties of Cohesive Powders Tested by a Press Shear Cell

The most important design parameters for roller presses can be referred to flow and compression characteristics of bulk materials. Usually the flow properties are measured in the low stress range 1-50 kPa at the shear rate of about 1 mm/min. But this does not fit the stress regimes in the roller press. Therefore, the compression and flow behavior of the powder have to be investigated at higher pressures, shear rates, and shear displacements. These properties of bulk materials in the so-called medium pressure range 50-1000 kPa can be analyzed using a press shear cell. Tests were implemented with limestone, bentonite, and microcrystalline cellulose at average 23°C powder bed temperature using shear rates from 0.00042 to 0.042 m/s and a more realistic preshear displacement from 0.1 to 2 m for practical applications in powder compaction. Physical observation based compression functions were developed for the low and medium pressure range, which include simple equations for the compression rate and specific compression work.     

Visualization of Shear Motions of Cohesive Powders in the True Biaxial Shear Tester

Steady-state flow of powders is defined as a continuous deformation of the material without volume change while the stresses at the specimen's boundaries remain constant. Recent investigations have shown that this state, especially for cohesive powders, is not always as steady as it should be by definition. In this article a recent extension of the true biaxial shear tester is introduced that allows a view of the shear motion of the brick-shaped powder specimen inside the tester. By applying a dark-colored powder pattern onto a light powder sample, the movement of the powder can be captured using a CCD camera. Development of shear bands and inhomogeneities of the sample can be visualized. Experiments with a cohesive powder with purely strain-controlled, volume-preserving shear cycles, as well as mixed stress-strain controlled experiments, are presented. The recorded images as well as stress-strain data from discrete elements simulations are compared to the experimental results.     

气流紧实机理及影响因素的研究

在自行研制的气流紧实试验机上,对气流紧实过程进行了研究,特别是采用了加速度传感器,考察了型砂在气流作用下的运动过程、同时就各种工艺参数和结构参数进行了研究,最后在大量实验的基础上建立了描述型砂惯性冲击力的数学物理模型、并与实验结果进行了比较。     

剪切流场对塑料发泡成核行为的影响

本文着重讨论了剪切流场对成核行为的影响,对宏观规律进行微观分析。通过剪切流场对高聚物熔体中分子取向排列的影响,在熔体中形成大量均匀分布的成核点,这不仅为开发优质泡体提供了理论依据,也是为国外正在加紧开发的微孔发泡技术提供参考。     

X-cor夹层结构的力学性能试验研究

X-cor夹层结构比强度高,比刚度大,有望取代传统蜂窝夹层结构作为航空航天器的主承力结构材料。采用真空固化成型工艺,通过改变Z-pin的植入参数制备了X-cor夹层结构,研究了Z-pin植入角度、植入间距和直径对其平压、剪切和拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明,Z-pin的植入参数对X-cor夹层结构的力学性能影响显著。随Z-pin植入角度的增加X-cor夹层结构的平压性能降低,剪切性能增强,拉伸模量减小,拉伸强度先增加后减小。随Z-pin植入间距和直径增加,X-cor夹层结构力学性能均增加。与泡沫夹层结构相比,X-cor夹层结构压缩、剪切和拉伸模量的测试值分别提高了1.26～5.15倍、2.50～13.56倍和1.90～2.71倍,压缩、剪切和拉伸测试值分别提高了1.63～9.20倍、1.28～2.03倍和1.01～2.30倍。     

块体非晶合金剪切带温度的变化分析

通过对Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5(Vit 1)压缩实验,发现应力-应变关系曲线的锯齿流变特性随应变的增加而更为明显。并通过对简单剪切断裂面的分析,表明在剪切滑移过程中剪切带有一个形核和生长的过程。采用剪切带逐步扩展模型计算剪切带中温度的变化,通过计算表明剪切带形成中前期的温升不足以达到非晶合金的熔点,且剪切带温升与单个锯齿卸载部分形成过程所持续的时间和每次剪切滑移过程中载荷的变化量紧密相关。     

剪切法测定中厚钢板的厚度方向性能

针对中厚钢板的厚度方向性能测定,设计了一种剪切模具,并使用该模具对唐钢生产的中厚钢板取样进行了剪切试验,通过将剪切试验所得试样的剪切强度与z向拉伸试验所得试样的断面收缩率进行对照比较,验证了使用剪切法测定中厚钢板厚度方向性能的可行性;另还研究了钢板厚度和取样位置对中厚钢板厚度方向性能的影响。结果表明:z向拉伸断面收缩率高的钢板其剪切强度也较高,说明用剪切法测定中厚钢板的厚度方向性能是可行的;钢板厚度越大,其厚度方向性能越差;钢板中心位置是其厚度方向性能的薄弱位置。     

Giesekus流体在环形流道中脉动挤出的应力分析

以Giesekus粘弹模型为基础，推导出了轴向振动力场作用下聚合物熔体在环形流场中的应力计算公式，并结合实际的模型参数作了分析。结果表明：在环形流道中，流体的应力是半径和时间的函数，剪切应力与时间成余弦关系。内半流场的剪切应力随半径变化速率要明显大于外半流场的剪切应力变化速率，内环壁面处的剪切应力也要大于外环壁面处的剪切应力，Tiw／Tcw随k值变小而变大。     

剪切场下少量碳纳米管对HDPE结晶结构和性能的影响

通过动态保压注塑成型装置研究剪切场下少量多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)的结晶结构和性能的影响。拉伸测试结果表明,普通注塑成型下MWCNTs含量为1.8%的HDPE/MWCNTs与纯HDPE相比,拉伸强度从28MPa增加到30MPa,冲击强度由22 kJ/m2提高至29 kJ/m2;而剪切场下成型的HDPE和HDPE/MWCNTs样品,其拉伸强度分别达到49MPa和63MPa,同时冲击强度分别为54kJ/m2和69kJ/m2。微观扫描分析显示,普通成型下的HDPE和HDPE/MWCNTs制品内部均呈现出无序的结晶结构,而剪切场下成型的制品内部结晶排列规整,均有串晶状的结晶结构产生。尤其在HDPE/MWCNTs制品中,发现了片晶附生于MWCNTs表面而形成杂化的串晶结构。以上的结果表明,在剪切场下MWCNTs可以明显影响HDPE的结晶和力学性能。     

速度、压力场对铝液侵蚀模具的影响

为了探明压铸生产过程中熔融铝合金速度、压力场对模具侵蚀过程的影响及其作用机理,本文设计动态侵蚀试验,通过计算流体动力学仿真软件计算旋转试样圆周区域速度场和压力场分布状态,观察试样表面的宏观形貌并利用SEM、EDS作元素微量分析。结果显示:试样前端与尾端区域速度最大,前端与远端之间压力场最大;流体压力场对试样侵蚀的影响属压应力作用,促进原子间的扩散,加快金属间化合物生成的速度,加剧试样表面的侵蚀程度;流体速度场对试样侵蚀的影响属切应力作用,导致生成并附着于试样表面的金属化合物层剥离,造成深坑状的腐蚀形貌。     

高粘沥青胶浆动态剪切流变特性

针对探索不同类型的高粘沥青胶浆动态剪切流变特性,有利于完善多孔沥青混合料配合比设计。分析材料组成、粉胶比、温度等对高粘沥青胶浆动态剪切流变特性的影响,结果表明,沥青粘度高、矿粉比表面积大,形成的高粘沥青胶浆相位角相对较小,抗车辙因子较大;与矿粉类型相比,沥青性质对胶浆抗车辙因子影响显著,对改善胶浆抗高温变形能力起主导作用;粉胶比增大,抗车辙因子随之增大,并随温度变化呈幂函数关系变化趋势。提高改性沥青粘度或增大矿粉比表面积,均可有效降低高粘沥青胶浆抗车辙因子的温度敏感性,改善高粘沥青胶浆高温抗变形性能。     

燃料电池流场板新材料的研究

在不同工艺条件下将石墨蠕虫用压片机压制成柔性石墨板,测其电阻并计算电阻率,从而确定电阻率的影响因素,利用模压技术将柔性石墨板压制成燃料电池的流场板,装配燃烧电池,测其放电性能曲线并与其它材料流场板组装的燃料电池的放电性能曲线进行了比较。     

Axisymmetric Flow in an Oil Reservoir of Finite Depth Caused by a Point sink above an Oil-Water Interface

The flow of a stratified fluid (e.g., oil/water) withdrawn from a vertically confined porous medium through a point sink is considered. The withdrawal tends to cause the oil-water interface to move upwards. So long as the interface is below the well, the less dense fluid (oil) is pumped into the well without the denser fluid (water) until a critical flow rate is reached. The flow is considered to be axisymmetric, and involves a nonlinear boundary condition along the free surface. A boundary-integral equation method (BIEM) is used to find the interface position for different pumping rates. For small flow rates, a small-parameter expansion is derived and the results are compared with numerical solutions to the problem. There exists a critical withdrawal rate beneath which the water does not break through into the sink, this rate depending on the sink location and bottom geometry.     

Method of Measuring the Mass Flow Rate of a Substance by Using Restricting Apertures

A new method is considered for measuring the mass flow rate of a substance in pipelines using restricting apertures, without the use of instruments for measuring the density and temperature of the flow. A structural measurement scheme is given and analytical expressions are obtained for determining the mass flow rate and the density of the substance under working conditions. A calculation is given of the errors of the flow parameters.     

连续流生产单元的运行机理探究

通过一个简化模型对连续流生产单元的运行机理进行深入研究.引入一种新的可视化工具流程分析图(Process Analysis Chart,PAC),利用这种可视化工具,可以简单、有效地描述连续流生产单元中的各种生产要素,记录连续流生产的全过程,并对其中的物料流动、机器和人员进行跟踪分析,从而找出连续流生产单元内部的运作规律.     

微型直接甲醇燃料电池阳极流场结构

针对微型直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)阳极传质效率低和性能差等问题,对DMFC阳极流场结构进行了研究.利用MEMS技术实现了具有点形、平行和蛇形等阳极流场结构的硅基自呼吸式DMFC,测试对比结果表明单蛇形流场结构性能要优于其他几种流场;另外,对单蛇形流场结构参数进行了优化,结果表明当流道宽度∶脊的宽度∶流道长度为2∶3∶254时,电池性能达到最佳.在此基础上,为了改善反应物到催化层的传质效率和提高性能,提出了一种渐缩式单蛇形流场结构,其电池最大输出功率密度达到15.41 mW/cm2,比传统等宽式单蛇形流场提高了将近35%,为便携式微能源系统的应用开发奠定了基础.     

化学沉淀法制备纳米金红石型TiO2粉体及其性能表征

纳米金红石型二氧化钛是一种重要的无机功能材料,其制备及其应用在当代愈来愈受重视 。本文采用化学沉淀法,将ＺｎＣＯ３包覆在Ｔｉ（ＯＨ）４沉淀上,在５００℃进预焙解,使ＺｎＣＯ３转变为ＺｎＯ,Ｔｉ（ＯＨ）４转变为Ｈ２ＴｉＯ３。     

固相剪切碾磨制备聚丙烯/层状双金属氢氧化物纳米复合材料的力学性能及热稳定性

采用湿法固相剪切碾磨法(S<'3>M)制备了部分剥离型聚丙烯(PP)/层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)纳米复合材料,研究了PP/LDHs纳米复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性.结果表明,相对于聚丙烯,固相剪切碾磨制备的PP/LDHs纳米复合材料可在拉伸强度保持不变的情况下,明显提高其断裂伸长率和冲击强度.如当LDHs质量分数为...     

Effect of Cell Morphology and Heat Treatment on Compressive Properties of Aluminum Foams

In this article, the compressive behavior and anisotropy of both open- and closed-cell aluminum foams under different heat treatments were examined. For the closed-cell A356/SiCp foam, due to the age-hardening effect, the yield strength of the heat-treated specimens was found to be more than 200% of that of the as-cast specimens. The yield strength of the foam in the transverse direction was however only slightly higher than that in the longitudinal direction, which may be related to the relatively spherical cell structure of the foam. For open-cell Al6061 foams, heat treatment results in a significant increase in yield strength and also changes the failure mode from ductile to brittle. The open-cell foam further demonstrates a strong anisotropy. The causes of such phenomena are discussed in the article.     

Effect of Particle Properties on Slug Flow Conveying in a Horizontal Pneumatic Pipeline

The influence of particle properties on slug flow conveying was experimentally examined by using polyethylene particles of different densities from 825 kg/m³ to 945 kg/m³ in a horizontal pipeline 5.5 m in length, inside diameter of 32 mm, for air speeds below 8 m/s. It was found that hardness affects the slug flow conveying in such a way that for soft particles lower limiting velocity as well as boundary air velocities for suspension flow and slug flow increases. Additionally, it was found that the frictional characteristics of a particle influence its flow pattern. Also, there are two types of slug flow, that is, a solitary slug flow and a consecutive slug flow. In a solitary slug flow, there is at most only one plug in the pipeline. In a consecutive slug flow, the particles are conveyed continuously as slugs. There is always at least one slug in the pipeline.