Growth of Nanoscale Carbon Structures and Their Corresponding Hydrogen Uptake Properties

Carbon nanostructures have been synthesized using the chemical vapor deposition technique (CVD) on different catalysts, using ethylene, acetylene, or methane as the hydrocarbons. Morphological characterizations obtained using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the reaction products are carbon nanofibers (CNF) with an outer diameter that depends on the reaction conditions and nature of the reactants. Hydrogen uptake measurements, performed volumetrically in a Sievert-type installation, showed the quantity of desorbed hydrogen (for pressure intervals ranging from 1 to 100 bars) depends on the synthesis conditions and the treatment preceding the hydrogen absorption process. For carbon nanotubes that were preparedaccording to literature guidelines and obtained from ethylene on a Ni:Cu catalyst, the amounts of absorbed hydrogen were less than 1% by weight.

carbon nanostructures chemical vapor deposition hydrogen absorption SEM     

复合阻尼结构及其阻尼性能

新近出现的几种复合阻尼结构表明,有限各类的阻尼材料,经过简单的物理组合,能满足各种各样的阻尼要求,这类复合阻尼结构正引起科技界的广泛关注。然而,作为一项新技术,它尚缺少相应的理论作指导,因此,对该技术进行研究是必要的和及时的。本文介绍了几种典型的复合阻尼结构,并用振动控制理论对其中的一些结构进行了分析。     

规则螺旋碳纳米管的制备及其结构的研究

以钛片为催化剂，通过乙炔气体在７５０℃下热解制备了规则螺旋的碳管，这些规则的螺旋碳管直径约为２００ｎｍ，规则螺旋碳管的形成与钛片的预处理有关，在盐酸处理过的钛片表面上所生长的碳管几乎都是规则螺旋形状的。     

金属基底上定向碳纳米管阵列的生长及其场发射性质

在金属基底上,以铁为催化剂,硅做过镀层,乙烯为源气体,通过普通的化学气相沉积方法生长出垂直基底排列的碳纳米管(CNT)阵列.扫描电子显微镜和透射电镜观察表明,生长的CNT具有阵列形貌和多缺陷的结构.对CNT阵列的场发射性质进行了测量,在10 μA/cm2时不锈钢和镍基底上的开启电场分别为1.25 V/μm 和1.57 V/μm.     

无氢DLC涂层的摩擦学性能

为了探究轮胎模具无氢类金刚石(DLC)涂层的摩擦学特性,增强轮胎模具的易脱模、防粘、自清洁性能以及提高轮胎质量与服役寿命,以轮胎模具常用的35钢为基体,利用电弧离子镀在基体试样上制备无氢DLC涂层,对涂层Raman光谱、表面粗糙度、表面微观形貌、纳米硬度、结合力和摩擦系数进行了分析,着重研究涂层摩擦前后表面微观形貌的变化以及摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:通过改变表面粗糙度可以有效降低涂层的摩擦系数,涂层摩擦系数随粗糙度减小而显著降低;在140℃高温条件下,摩擦系数最小低至0.363 4,且涂层纳米硬度可达32.45 GPa,弹性模量高达348.94 GPa。无氢DLC涂层完全满足轮胎模具减摩耐磨和自清洁性的使用要求,为制造高性能轮胎模具提供了一种可行的工艺选择。     

掺氮类金刚石薄膜的制备与性能研究

利用空心阴极放电在玻璃基底表面沉积掺氮类金刚石(DLc)薄膜.拉曼光谱(Raman)分析表明,所制备的碳膜具有典型的类金刚石结构.扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)分析了薄膜表面形貌和粗糙度;利用摩擦磨损仪测量膜的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,氮的掺入使得薄膜中颗粒致密平整,改变了薄膜的表面微观形貌,进而改善了薄膜的摩擦磨损性能.     

氟化非晶碳膜的微结构分析

利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)法,在不同的温度下制备了氟化非晶碳膜.采用原子力显微镜(AFM)、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅里叶红外吸收光谱(FTIR)等仪器对薄膜微结构进行了表征.研究发现,氟化非晶碳膜微观结构与薄膜生长过程温度控制密切相关,温度升高,膜内键合结构变化,sp2相对含量增加.     

快淬La-Mg-Ni系贮氢电极合金的结构与电化学性能

铸态及快淬态La2Mg(Ni0 85Co0.15)9Cr01贮氢电极合金主要由(La,Mg)Ni3相(PuNi 3型结构),LaNi5相以及少量的LaNi2相组成,各相的含量与淬速有关.与铸态合金相比较,快淬态合金放电平台电压降低,快淬使合金的循环寿命都有不同程度的提高.铸态和快淬态合金均具有良好的活化性能.     

N2对碳纳米管生长和结构的影响

用热丝化学气相沉积制备了碳纳米管,并用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了它们的结构.结果表明,用CH4和H2为反应气体制备的碳纳米管是弯曲和中空的,它们的直径较大,生长速率较低;在反应气体中加入N2气后,碳纳米管的平均直径减小,生长速率增大,它们是准直的和竹节型的.分析和讨论了N2对碳纳米管生长和结构的影响.     

衬底温度对碳纳米管生长和结构的影响

用CH4、NH3和H2为反应气体,利用等离子体增强热丝化学气相沉积在沉积有Ta缓冲层和Ni催化剂层的Si衬底上制备了准直碳纳米管,并用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了它们的生长和结构随温度的变化.结果表明生长的准直碳纳米管是竹节型结构,其直径随衬底温度的降低而减小,生长速率随衬底温度的升高有一极值.从催化剂在衬底温度作用下的变化开始,分析了衬底温度对碳纳米管生长和结构的影响.     

Pd负载高度交联聚苯乙烯的制备及储氢性能

多孔材料已经被广泛地应用于储氢研究。本文研究了Pd负载的高度交联聚苯乙烯（Pd—HCLPS）储氢材料的制备及储氢性能。在超声的辅助下,通过简便的置换反应成功制备了Pd—HCLPS。Pd颗粒以纳米尺度均匀分散在聚合物中。通过调节超声时间,制备了一系列不同Pd含量的Pd—HCLPS样品。发现Pd含量是影响氢溢流的一个重要因素。相比于HCLPS,Pd的负载使Pd—HCLPS样品的储氢量增强了1．1～1．7倍。在173K,3．1MPa下,最大储氢量为1．46wt9／6。     

氯化氢中的氯气在活性炭上吸附性能的研究

对活性炭吸附氯化氢中的氯气性能做了实验研究.研究结果表明采用活性炭吸附的方法,可以除去氯化氢气体中的氯气,吸附后的尾气中氯气的含量低于10×10-6,满足吸附深度的要求.压力在0.4MPa、流量控制在400mL/min时,分别测得了在26、8、-10、-35、-60℃下,每克活性炭吸附氯气的动态吸附量分别为:141.5、172.0、178.0、181.0、185.0mg.     

氟化类金刚石(F-DLC)薄膜的红外分析

以CF4和CH4为源气体,利用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积法,在不同条件下制备了氟化类金刚石(F-DLC)薄膜,并进行了退火处理。红外分析表明,F-DLC薄膜中主要有C-Fx(x=1,2,3)、C-C、C-H2、C-H3和C=C化学键等。低功率下制备的薄膜主要由C-C、CF和CF2键构成,功率增加时,薄膜内C-C键含量相对增加;气体流量比R(R=CF4/[CF4 CH4])增大,薄膜内F的含量增加,C-C键相对减少;高温退火后,薄膜内部分F和几乎全部的H从膜内逸出,薄膜的稳定温度在300℃以上。低功率、高流量比下制备的薄膜,F含量相对较大,介电常数较低。     

球状纳米硅氧化物的制备

以硅、二氧化硅为原料,采用水热沉积法制备了球状纳米硅氧化物.用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、能量色散谱仪、荧光光度计等测试手段观测了样品的形貌,分析了样品的成分、结构及光致发光(PL)特性.扫描电镜、透射电镜的研究结果表明,所得样品为高纯、直径较均匀的球状纳米硅氧化物.选区电子衍射结果表明,所得纳米硅氧化物球为无定形结构.PL测试表明,样品具有较强的蓝光发射能力.     

Thermal Properties of Biodiesel and Their Corresponding Precursor Vegetable Oils Obtained by Photopyroelectric Methodology

The photopyroelectric technique (PPE) was used for thermal characterization of biodiesel and their corresponding precursor vegetable oils. Different configurations of PPE were applied in these studies. The standard and inverse configurations allowed the determination of the thermal diffusivity (??) and thermal effusivity (e), respectively. From these two parameters the thermal conductivity was calculated. Measurements were performed for reference samples (water and ethylene glycol), biodiesel, and some corresponding precursor vegetable oils. The experiments showed good reproducibility, with uncertainties around 1 % to 2 % for all the samples. Lower values for both ?? and e of the biodiesel when compared to their corresponding precursor vegetable oils were observed, indicating that these thermophysical properties were sensitive to structural changes during the transesterification process.     

Preparation of Metal-Coated Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites and Their Electromagnetic Properties

Medium temperature curing by infrared radiation was used to prepare electromagnetic wave absorbing multilayered plastic matrix composite materials containing metal-coated carbon fibers (MCFs). The electromagnetic properties of the materials were investigated by frequency scanning tests with microwave vector network analyzer. It is found that the electromagnetic parameters, mainly permittivity of the composites increase significantly with the addition of MCFs, which gives the composites good designability as thin, light-weight EM wave absorbers. It is also shown that MCFs can improve on the EM wave energy attenuating property of the composites by widening the work frequency band width and raising the absorptive peak     

Alignment of Nanoscale Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Strands

Nano-Micro Letters - Depositing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with controllable density, pattern and orientation on electrodes presents a challenge in today’s research. Here, we...     

The Role of Fullerene-Like Structures in Carbon Black and Their Interaction with Dienic Rubber

The identification of fullerene-like sites on carbon black surface and in particular the pentagonal or corannulene-type sites, has permitted us to explain the chemical interaction between filler and polymer (diene rubber) occurring during mixing in terms of free radical and Diels-Alder addition of polymer chains on the fullerene-like sites of carbon black. The free radicals and diene sites are formed on rubber chains during mixing by the mechanochemical degradation, which is caused by shear stresses.

We have also noticed the curious analogy between the turbostratic morphology of carbon black particles and the onion-like graphitic particles.     

The Role of Fullerene-Like Structures in Carbon Black and Their Interaction with Dienic Rubber

Abstract

The identification of fullerene-like sites on carbon black surface and in particular the pentagonal or corannulene-type sites, has permitted us to explain the chemical interaction between filler and polymer (diene rubber) occurring during mixing in terms of free radical and Diels-Alder addition of polymer chains on the fullerene-like sites of carbon black. The free radicals and diene sites are formed on rubber chains during mixing by the mechanochemical degradation, which is caused by shear stresses.

We have also noticed the curious analogy between the turbostratic morphology of carbon black particles and the onion-like graphitic particles.