扇形沟槽表面节流静压气体轴承的性能分析

关于气体轴承承载能力优化问题.为增大静压气体轴承的承载能力,提高轴承的刚度,设计了一种扇形沟槽表面节流式静压气体轴承,并运用计算流体力学软件Fluent计算轴承的性能,分析几何参数对轴承性能的影响.结果表明,在一定气膜厚度下,增大节流面积可显著提高承载能力,增大节流槽长度可以增加轴承刚度,而在气膜厚度较小时,均压槽可以同时提高承载能力和刚度.当轴承直径相同时,所设计的静压气体轴承较小孔节流式具有更高的承载能力和更大刚度.     

基于AVR的静压气体轴承性能检测装置控制系统设计

为了实现对静压气体轴承气膜厚度,压力分布和承载能力的自动检测,设计了一种基于单片机的检测装置和控制系统;该系统采用ATmega16L单片机作为平台运动控制和数据处理的核心,结合软件控制步进电机的转向和转速,实现了极坐标定位,并采集承载力,气膜压力和气膜厚度等数据,通过LCD显示和键盘输入,较好地实现了人机交互;同时,装置可以通过RS232与上位机通讯,实现上位机的直接控制;把该系统对气体轴承性能参数的测量结果与仿真结果进行对比,结果表明该装置和系统是正确可行的.     

带有均压槽的气体静压推力轴承设计

针对空间机器人地面微重力模拟实验中存在侧向干扰力/力矩,工作台面不平整等特殊情况,设计了具有周向和径向均压槽的高承载力、高刚度圆盘气体静压推力轴承,并采用变形雷诺方程对轴承的承载特性进行了建模和数值分析.为了验证理论计算结果的正确性,使用Fluent对轴承的承载力特性进行仿真分析,并且分析了高压气体产生的冲击力对承载性能的影响.最后,在标准测试平台上对该轴承的承载力特性进行了实验,并与不带有均压槽的轴承进行对比分析,证明了结构设计和理论分析的正确性.     

基于Stacking集成学习的风机主轴止推轴承故障预警研究

主轴止推轴承是风机的关键部件,一旦发生故障,将导致机组遭受严重损失。为实现风电机组主轴止推轴承早期故障预警,及早采取维护措施从而避免故障的进一步扩大。本文以风机主轴止推轴承温度为研究对象,提出一种基于风电机组正常运行状态下数据采集与监视控制(SCADA)的Stacking故障提前预警模型。首先,本文利用四个单一模型的拟合优度与均方误差比对特征进行综合排序,得到4组不同数量梯度特征组合的数据集。其次,通过对单一模型的预测性能以及相关性进行分析,最终确定以XGBoost、LightGBM以及随机森林作为基学习器,XGBoost作为元学习器建立Stacking集成学习预测模型。实验结果表明,基于Stacking模型对主轴止推轴承温度进行预测效果最好,预测误差相较于基模型有明显提升。最后,计算模型温度预测的均方根误差（RMSE）,并基于指数加权移动平均法(Exponential Weighted Moving Average,EWMA)设定主轴止推轴承正常状态下误差阈值。实验结果显示,本文建立的Stacking模型对风机主轴止推轴承故障至少可以提前6小时发出故障预警。     

气体静压导轨气膜厚度的电容式测试方法

气体静压导轨是超精密工程的核心基础技术之一,其气膜振动是影响加工精度的主要因素。提出了一种气体静压导轨气膜厚度的电容式测试方法,将气体静压导轨的节流器工作底面与实验台面当作电容式传感器的2个极板,当气膜厚度发生变化时,电容将产生较大变化。通过测量节流器与工作面间的电容,计算得到气膜厚度值。同时建立了不同凹面节流器电容与气膜厚度的数学模型。实验利用电容测量仪与电感测微测头同时对气膜厚度进行测量,结果显示两者误差为0.42μm,为气体静压导轨气膜厚度的测量提供了新的方法。     

基于N-S方程的真实感流体仿真

本文以耐维-斯托克斯(Navier-Stokes)方程这一计算流体力学领域的经典方程为基础,通过对其进行离散化求解,实现对二维及三维流体的真实感实时仿真.这种基于物理的模型能够更真实的反映流体的细节信息,并且可以方便的实现流体与固体的实时交互以及其它一些复杂场景的仿真.这里进一步引入了多种技术来解决求解过程中出现的数值离散问题.     

6 自由度模拟卫星静压气浮轴承数值计算方法

针对失重模拟实验中常用的两种静压气浮轴承,推导了保角变换下的气孔直径公式和流量及承载能力 公式,研究了有限元建模及求解方法,并给出了具体实例以进行验证．基于平面和球面的静压气浮轴承设计了一种 6 自由度模拟卫星．试验结果表明,两种静压气浮轴承都满足了总体的技术指标要求．     

移动副速度对空气轴承影响的CFD仿真分析

研究空气轴承优化控制问题,针对高速移动副空气轴承对空气轴承气膜特性会影响定位精度特点,空气轴承采用非结构化网格实现了多节流器气膜的耦合,设计的密度可控的非均匀网格划分方案克服了最大最小尺寸比偏大给实际带来的困难。根据FLUENT用三维双精度耦合隐式标准k-ε粘性湍流两方程模型,仿真得到了不同移动副速度时,阵列多节流器耦合后的质量流量、气膜压强分布和速度分布,为辨识高速移动副时多节流器耦合的气膜数学模型提供了详实数据。当增大移动副速度时,耗气量减小但气膜承载力增加,为高速移动副空气轴承的优化设计提供了依据。     

发电机推力轴承温度量异常的处理方法

分析湖北黄龙滩水力发电厂3、4号水轮发电机自投运以来推力轴承瓦温度计引线频繁断线及温度量不能正常显示上传的原因,介绍相关改进优化处理方法。     

螺旋桨静推力数值模拟与实验对比分析

针对飞艇项目研制的工程实际需求,通过经验公式和CFD数值模拟两种方法对螺旋桨的静推力特性进行了计算和对比分析;最后通过设计发动机-螺旋桨推力实验台的实验对上述两种方法得出的结果进行了验证.分析结果表明螺旋桨静推力经验公式和实验结果相吻合,公式可以在以后的工程应用中使用;在一定的边界条件下,CFD计算的结果与实验值接近,说明使用的CFD计算方法是可取的.在CFD数值模拟计算过程中,实验值和经验公式估算值可以在确定CFD的边界条件以及确认计算结果的准确性方面提供重要的参考依据.     

Modelling immunomagnetic cell capture in CFD

The separation of cells from a complex sample by immunomagnetic capture has recently obtained increased attention for microfluidic applications. Here, we present a simulation approach for immunomagnetic separation in a flow-through microfluidic environment that for the first time takes binding kinetics of beads to target cells as well as binding of multiple beads per cell into account. The approach is implemented into a computational fluid dynamics code and facilitates the tailored design of microfluidic magnetophoretic devices with an optimised separation performance. Although the specific computational model under study is constrained to a 2D geometry, appropriate parameter sets that allow for a continuous separation of cell/bead complexes from non-magnetic particles could be derived. In addition, based on magnetophoretic mobilities, a critical threshold value of beads per cell is revealed, where further binding is considerably reduced or the reaction cascade ceases.     

Auto-CFD-NOW: A pre-compiler for effectively parallelizing CFD applications on networks of workstations

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) applications are highly demanding for parallel computing. Many such applications have been shifted from expensive MPP boxes to cost-effective Networks of Workstations (NOW). Auto-CFD-NOW is a pre-compiler that transforms Fortran CFD sequential programs to efficient message-passing parallel programs running on NOW. Our work makes the following three unique contributions. First, this pre-compiler is highly automatic, requiring a minimum number of user directives for parallelization. Second, we have applied a dependency analysis technique for the CFD applications, called analysis after partitioning. We propose a mirror-image decomposition technique to parallelize self-dependent field loops that are hard to parallelize by existing methods. Finally, traditional optimizations of communication focus on eliminating redundant synchronizations. We have developed an optimization scheme which combines all the non-redundant synchronizations in CFD programs to further reduce the communication overhead. The Auto-CFD-NOW has been implemented on networks of workstations and has been successfully used for automatically parallelizing structured CFD application programs. Our experiments show its effectiveness and scalability for parallelizing large CFD applications. This work is supported in part by the China National Aerospace Science Foundation, and by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants CCR-9812187, CCR-0098055, CCF-0325760, CCF 0514078, and CNS 0549006.     

Augmenting simulations of airflow around buildings using field measurements

Computational fluid-dynamics (CFD) simulations have become an important tool for the assessment of airflow in urban areas. However, large discrepancies may appear when simulated predictions are compared with field measurements because of the complexity of airflow behaviour around buildings and difficulties in defining correct sets of parameter values, including those for inlet conditions. Inlet conditions of the CFD model are difficult to estimate and often the values employed do not represent real conditions. In this paper, a model-based data-interpretation framework is proposed in order to integrate knowledge obtained through CFD simulations with those obtained from field measurements carried out in the urban canopy layer (UCL). In this framework, probability-based inlet conditions of the CFD simulation are identified with measurements taken in the UCL. The framework is built on the error-domain model falsification approach that has been developed for the identification of other complex systems. System identification of physics-based models is a challenging task because of the presence of errors in models as well as measurements. This paper presents a methodology to estimate modelling errors. Furthermore, error-domain model falsification has been adapted for the application of airflow modelling around buildings in order to accommodate the time variability of atmospheric conditions. As a case study, the framework is tested and validated for the predictions of airflow around an experimental facility of the Future Cities Laboratory, called “BubbleZERO”. Results show that the framework is capable of narrowing down parameter-value sets from over five hundred to a few having possible inlet conditions for the selected case-study. Thus the case-study illustrates an approach to identifying time-varying inlet conditions and predicting wind characteristics at locations where there are no sensors.     

CFD显式差分程序的自动并行技术研究

对CFD显式计算程序的自动并行技术作了研究和探讨，从应用的角度出发，充分利用显式差分的特点和模拟手工并行的过程，集中研究了区域划分，相关性分析以及同步通信与优化等自动并行的核心技术。     

CFD并行计算中的多区结构网格二次剖分方法与实现

在多区结构网格计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)并行模拟中,为了与并行计算资源相适应,经常需要对原始流场网格进行二次剖分与区块分组.在对区块分组和网格二次剖分进行了总结综述的基础上,重点提出针对多区结构网格二次剖分的两种策略:几何剖分和嵌套二分.基于这两种策略完成了剖分软件工具TH-MeshSplit,可实现初级方式、专业方式和专家方式3种运行方式,为用户在自动化与灵活性方面提供了多样化选择.数值实验结果表明,两种剖分策略及其实现软件可在较短时间内完成复杂的剖分,剖分后的网格在负载平衡性、计算通信比等方面具有更优的性能,从而为后续CFD流场的高效并行加速求解奠定了基础.