醇法大豆浓缩蛋白改性及在肉制品中的应用

采用醇法提取大豆浓缩蛋白具有明显优势,但此方法提取的大豆浓缩蛋白功能性不好,应用受限。本文介绍了通过物理、化学、酶法、基因工程等方法对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行改性,改性后醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的功能性明显提高。改性后的醇法大豆浓缩蛋白应用于肉制品中具有优良的持水持油性、乳化性以及凝胶性,可以提高肉制品的组织结构特性,并降低生产成本,且价格低廉,是一种性价比很高的大豆蛋白产品。     

磷酸化共价交联条件对大豆浓缩蛋白持水性的影响

醇法大豆浓缩蛋白生产过程中由于醇的变性作用导致其持水性较差,相较于酸法大豆浓缩蛋白持水性545.00%,醇法大豆浓缩蛋白持水性只有425.40%。本实验以提高醇法大豆浓缩蛋白持水性为目的,采用三聚磷酸钠对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行磷酸化共价交联,并研究磷酸化共价交联改性过程中,大豆浓缩蛋白添加量、三聚磷酸钠添加量、温度、反应时间、pH对持水性的影响。实验表明,磷酸化共价交联能够改善醇法大豆浓缩蛋白持水性,最适改性条件为:大豆浓缩蛋白与三聚磷酸钠添加量比值为9.33%∶9.55%、反应温度66℃、反应时间283min、pH为8.8,磷酸化共价交联后浓缩蛋白持水性提高了94.18%,经过本实验改性的醇法大豆浓缩蛋白有利于应用在肉制品中。     

肉制品中性价比高的醇法功能性大豆浓缩蛋白

对醇法功能性大豆浓缩蛋白和大豆分离蛋白在肉制品中应用的对比实验进行研究分析,结果发现,醇法功能性大豆浓缩蛋白具备优良的持水持油性、乳化性以及凝胶性,可以提高肉制品的组织结构特性,并降低生产成本,且价格低廉, 是一种性价比很高的大豆蛋白产品.     

改性醇法大豆浓缩蛋白在火腿肠中的应用

将改性醇法大豆浓缩蛋白添加到肉制品中,考察其在肉制品中的添加效果。经实验得出添加改性醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的火腿肠表现出良好的蒸煮率、持水性以及硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性。添加效果与加入大豆分离蛋白效果相似,比添加未改性醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的效果有大幅度提高。     

籽瓜种子蛋白质的持水及持油性的研究

以籽瓜种子为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法提取籽瓜种子蛋白质。测定并比较籽瓜种子蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白的持水及持油性。探究蛋白质、氨基酸组成及含量、表面疏水性及蛋白质的超微结构与持水及持油性的关系。结果表明：籽瓜种子蛋白的持油性是大豆浓缩蛋白的1.1~1.2倍,持水性较差,仅是大豆浓缩蛋白的0.65~0.7倍;籽瓜种子蛋白以球蛋白和难溶蛋白为主,分别占总蛋白的58.79%和24.15%,球蛋白对持油性不利,难溶蛋白则能增强持油性;籽瓜种子蛋白具有较高的表面疏水性,其疏水指数为440,大豆浓缩蛋白较低为354,较高的表面疏水性能有益于持油性,降低持水性;结构疏松、存在空洞缝隙的海绵状蛋白结构对持水性和持油性有利。     

籽瓜种子蛋白质的持水及持油性研究

以籽瓜种子为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法提取籽瓜种子蛋白质。测定并比较籽瓜种子蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白的持水及持油性。探究蛋白质、氨基酸组成及含量、表面疏水性及蛋白质的超微结构与持水及持油性的关系。结果表明:籽瓜种子蛋白的持油性是大豆浓缩蛋白的1.1~1.2倍,持水性较差,仅是大豆浓缩蛋白的0.65~0.7倍;籽瓜种子蛋白以球蛋白和难溶蛋白为主,分别占总蛋白的58.79%和24.15%,球蛋白对持油性不利,难溶蛋白则能增强持油性;籽瓜种子蛋白具有较高的表面疏水性,其疏水指数为440,大豆浓缩蛋白较低为354,较高的表面疏水性能有益于持油性,降低持水性;结构疏松、存在空洞缝隙的海绵状蛋白结构对持水性和持油性有利。     

利用固定化酶改善酸法大豆浓缩蛋白持水性和吸油性的研究

利用固定化谷氨酰胺转胺酶(MTG)对酸法大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)进行改性,并对改性SPC进行红外光谱分析。通过单因素和正交实验研究了MTG改性对SPC持水性和吸油性的影响。结果表明,当固定化MTG添加量1U/g,pH6.0,50℃下反应2h时,改性后大豆浓缩蛋白的持水性和吸油性分别比对照提高了24.8%和64.5%;与大豆分离蛋白相比,其凝胶性和吸油性分别高出58.3%和27.0%,持水性则低8.0%。     

超声波对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白吸油性的影响

为改善醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的功能特性,采用超声波技术对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行物理改性。通过单因素实验,针对吸油性进行研究,得出最佳影响范围,然后进行正交实验并由STATISTIC软件分析,最终得出超声波技术提高醇法大豆浓缩蛋白吸油性最佳工艺条件:固液比为1∶7,功率密度为0.6w/cm2,时间为5min。在此条件下,醇提大豆浓缩蛋白的吸油率可提高97.8%。     

大豆未消化蛋白的功能性质研究

在生产大豆肽的过程中,会产生大量的蛋白残渣即未消化蛋白。本文以大豆分离蛋白为对照,对未消化蛋白进行基础分析和功能评价。结果表明,大豆分离蛋白制备成未消化蛋白,蛋白含量从90.70%降为82.15%,醇溶蛋白从45.94%降为39.16%。未消化蛋白与大豆分离蛋白相比,持水性、乳化性、乳化稳定性略微下降,持油性显著上升,可以应用于与持油性相关的肉制品加工、乳品生产等相关行业。     

超声处理对大豆分离蛋白性质影响研究

大豆分离蛋白是较为理想的食用蛋白,具有较高的营养价值,广泛地应用于食品加工领域。超声波技术作为蛋白质改性的一种新技术,在未来大豆蛋白产品的开发与应用中具有广阔前景。对超声波技术处理大豆分离蛋白对溶解性、乳化性、起泡性、凝胶性、持水性及持油性等性质影响进行综述,为生产专用型的蛋白产品提供新思路和新途径。     

传统大豆制品及大豆蛋白中嘌呤含量的探讨

大豆蛋白富含8种人体必需氨基酸,具有动物蛋白不可比拟的功能特性。但是大豆作为高蛋白的植物性食品嘌呤含量较高,制约着大豆制品的应用。对嘌呤与痛风的关系,食品中嘌呤的检测方法,嘌呤与蛋白质的关系,传统大豆制品及大豆蛋白中的嘌呤含量及其控制等,特别是经过深加工处理的大豆分离蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白的低嘌呤工艺进行了讨论。展望了大豆深加工制品如大豆分离蛋白和酸法大豆浓缩蛋白可为痛风病人提供低嘌呤、高蛋白食品的发展方向。     

大豆精深加工关键技术创新与应用

大豆是我国重要的经济作物之一,大豆加工业是关系国计民生的重要产业。大豆食品以其全面、独特的营养及保健功能特性深受消费者的青睐,同时大豆精深加工也得到了快速的发展。本文分析了在功能性大豆蛋白、醇法大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆功能肽、大豆油脂酶法精炼与改性、大豆生理活性物质高效提取等方面取得的技术创新及产品,阐述了目前大豆加工领域已解决的科学技术问题和取得的科学成就。     

醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的生产及功能性改性

对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的生产及功能性改性进行了介绍。从原料豆粕的处理及质量要求出发,详细介绍了醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的生产工艺及相关指标要求,应注意的问题;从环保和食品安全方面考虑,选择物理改性,对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行功能性改性,并对其工艺及设备进行了介绍,相关问题进行了讨论。我国生产醇法大豆浓缩蛋白,醇提工艺基本相同,但使用的浸出器和脱溶设备不同。通过对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行功能性改性,针对不同产品的用途对生产过程进行过程控制和产品质量控制,可分别生产出食用级和饲用级大豆浓缩蛋白。为大豆蛋白的生产提供帮助。     

热水蒸煮大豆蛋白产品的功能性研究

研究了热水蒸煮时间对脱脂大豆粉、醇洗大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白的影响。热水蒸煮提高了浓缩蛋白和分离蛋白的起泡性和乳化性，对脱脂大豆粉的乳化性有所提高，但不能提高其起泡性。破坏胰岛素抑制剂和微生物的热水蒸煮对蛋白质的加工具有重要的意义。     

Nutrient-based Corn and Soy Products by Twin-screw Extrusion

Blends were developed to provide 20% protein, 12% fat, 68% carbohydrate and 8% moisture. High protein soy products (full fat flakes, protein isolate and/or concentrate) were formulated with corn meal and soybean oil to provide high protein and fat. The blends were extruded to provide pre-cooked foods that could be reconstituted at 40°C to a porridge or gruel, eliminating prolonged cooking or degradation of heat labile nutrients. Two types of soy isolate and concentrate were evaluated under extrusion temperatures from 100 to 130°C and feed moistures 8.5 to 18%. The extrusion of lower valued concentrates at 100 to 115°C with moisture from 12 to 18% produced a precooked mix that was high in nutrients and contained the most available lysine.     

利用高温豆粕生产醇洗大豆浓缩蛋白的研究

分别以高温豆粕和低温豆粕为原料采用醇洗工艺制取大豆浓缩蛋白。测定高温豆粕和低温豆粕醇洗浓缩蛋白的蛋白质含量、NSI以及乙醇萃取液糖蜜中皂甙、异黄酮、总糖、蛋白质含量。结果显示:高温豆粕(蛋白质含量47.16%)醇洗浓缩蛋白的蛋白质含量(59.64%)虽然低于低温豆粕(蛋白质含量51.83%)醇洗浓缩蛋白的蛋白质含量(67.71%),但已接近60%,且高温豆粕乙醇萃取液糖蜜中皂甙、异黄酮含量(分别为8.04%、2.67%)与低温豆粕乙醇萃取液糖蜜中的含量接近(8.53%、2.13%)。表明利用高温豆粕生产饲用大豆浓缩蛋白应该是可行的,且副产物糖蜜是提取大豆皂甙、异黄酮、低聚糖的优质原料。     

醇法大豆浓缩蛋白加工工艺及实践

简述了以色列Hayes工程公司开发的醇法制取功能性大豆浓缩蛋白工艺及操作要点。以含水酒精为溶剂,采用同油脂浸出十分相似的工艺,脱除低温脱脂大豆粕(白豆片)中的可溶性碳水化合物,得到蛋白干基含量在65%以上的大豆浓缩蛋白商业化产品;而后在碱性条件下采用同提取分离蛋白相似的办法,对大豆浓缩蛋白进行高压均质、热处理及喷雾干燥,得到功能性大豆浓缩蛋白产品。另外,介绍了相关产品的质量标准和功能性检测方法,以及近几年来的工艺改进情况。     

Biological value of new kinds of sausage products

The maximum percent of meat substitution for varying protein compounds in the sausage production was experimentally studied in noninbred white mice. The biological value of combined meat products containing protein concentrates from seeds and husks of grape, soybean protein concentrate, protein compound from meat-bone residue, was investigated, when meat was substituted for each of the above proteins by 0,3.125, 6.25, 12.5,25,50 and 100%. Meat protein substitution for no more than 12.5% of concentrates of protein from seeds and husks of grape and protein compound of meat-bone residue, and for no more than 25% of soybean protein concentrate, did not induce reduction of biological value of these combined meat products as compared to the control. Formulae have been developed of new sorts of sausage products ("Alazanskaya", "Garedzhi", "Soevaya", "Iveriya") containing the above mentioned protein compounds. Chemical and biological investigations conducted in noninbred white mice have proved high food and biological value of the new sorts of sausage products.     

Rice bran proteins: Properties and food uses

Rice bran, a good source of protein and fat, is at present underutilized as a food material. The potential of producing rice bran at the global level is 27.3 million t. The presence of enzyme lipase in rice bran causes rapid deterioration of oil to free fatty acids and glycerol. Various stabilization techniques involving heat treatment, low‐temperature storage, chemical treatment, control of relative humidity during storage, and simultaneous milling and extraction were evolved to inactivate lipase. Multiple forms of rice bran lipase have been identified. Fractional classification of proteins reveals a high percentage of albumins and globulins. Proteins can be extracted from full‐fat or defatted rice bran by alkaline extraction and acid or heat precipitation. Extraction procedures influence the protein content of concentrates, which ranged from 19.4 to 76.1% in concentrates from full‐fat rice bran and 17.5 to 85.0% in concentrates from defatted rice bran. The PER of rice bran ranges from 1.59 to 2.04 and that of protein concentrates from 1.99 to 2.19. Available lysine contents of protein concentrates ranged from 54 to 58.8%. The essential amino acid profiles of protein concentrates indicate that threonine and isoleucine are limiting amino acids. Various functional properties of rice bran protein concentrates have also been investigated that are known to be influenced by drying technique and stabilization treatment of rice bran. Rice bran has been used in food as full‐fat rice bran, defatted rice bran, and in the form of rice bran oil and protein concentrates. Full‐fat and defatted rice bran have been used in bakery products, breakfast cereals, wafers, as a protein supplement, binder ingredients for meats and sausages, and as a beverage base. Incorporation of protein concentrates have been studied in bread, beverages, confections, and weaning foods.     

Minimizing variations in functionality of whey protein concentrates from different sources

Enhancement in processing technology has improved the nutritional and functional properties of whey protein concentrates by increasing the content and quality of the protein, leading to their increased use in different food products. The extent of heat treatment affects the quality of the whey protein concentrate, and wide variation in product quality exists due to the various means of manufacture and from the whey product history from farm to factory. The study was carried out with 6 commercial whey protein concentrates with 80% protein (WPC80) to determine variations in physical properties, particle size and density, and functional properties--solubility, gel strength, foam volume, and stability. Significant differences were observed among all the products for every property compared. Particulate size was the most important determinant of functional characteristics. Larger particulate WPC80 had significantly higher fat content and were less soluble with poor foam stability; but narrowing the particle size distribution through sieving, minimized variations. We determined that sieving all products within the particle size distribution range of 100 to 150 microns minimized variation in physical composition, making functionality uniform. WPC80 from different manufacturers can be made to perform uniformly within a narrow functionality range by reducing the particle size distribution through sieving.