酚醛改性淀粉／丁腈橡胶复合材料的研究

使用自制酚醛（简称RF）对淀粉进行改性．研究了RF和改性淀粉用量对淀粉／丁腈橡胶复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明：在淀粉／RF并用比为10：1．8时,淀粉／丁腈橡胶复合材料性能较好;在淀粉用域为20份、RF用量为3．6时,复合材料与未改性材料相比拉伸强度提升了58％,撕裂强度提升了39％;在改性淀粉用量为47．2份时．拉伸强度能达到15MPa;SEM分析表明：RF增强了淀粉与NBR之间的相互作用,使得淀粉在NBR中分散变好;加入改性淀粉后．淀粉／丁腈橡胶复合材料的耐油性能变好。     

酚醛树脂改性淀粉/NR复合材料的性能研究

采用间苯二酚-甲醛(RF)树脂改性淀粉,通过乳液共沉法制备淀粉/NR复合材料,研究改性淀粉用量对复合材料性能的影响,并与相同体积分数的炭黑和偶联剂Si69改性的白炭黑填充的NR复合材料进行对比。试验结果表明,RF树脂的加入增强了淀粉与NR之间的交联作用,提高了淀粉/NR复合材料的物理性能;当淀粉用量为20份、经3.6份RF树脂改性后,复合材料的综合性能最佳;随着改性淀粉用量的增大,复合材料的硬度和300%定伸应力增大。当填料体积分数相同时,改性淀粉对NR的补强效果与炭黑接近,且优于白炭黑。     

淀粉/炭黑/SBR/BR复合材料的性能研究

采用改性淀粉部分替代炭黑制备淀粉/炭黑/SBR/BR复合材料,研究间苯二酚-甲醛(RF)树脂或偶联剂KH-550改性淀粉对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:偶联剂KH-550的改性效果优于RF树脂;RF树脂或偶联剂KH-550能够对淀粉和橡胶基体的界面起到增强作用;与加入RF树脂改性淀粉的复合材料相比,加入偶联剂KH-550改性淀粉的复合材料耐磨性能较差,但抗湿滑性能较好.     

马来酸酐接枝天然橡胶在废报纸粉填充聚氯乙烯材料中的应用

研究了马来酸酐接枝天然橡胶（MNR）作为改性剂，对废报纸粉（PF）填充聚氯乙烯（PVC）复合材料的力学性能和热学性能的影响。研究结果表明，MNR可以较好地改善PF与PVC基体的相容性，显著提高材料的冲击强度。当PF用量（质量份）为5份、MNR为4份时PF／PVC复合材料的综合性能最好，其拉伸强度为48．8MPa，缺口冲击强度达10．1kJ／m^2，后者比改性前提高了87％。热重分析表明：PF／MNR／PVC复合材料的耐热性比纯PVC树脂有所提高。而PF／PVC复合材料的维卡软化温度随着PF填充量的增加而提高，但随着MNR的增加而略有降低。冲击断面扫描电镜分析证实MNR改善了报纸粉与基体树脂的相容性。     

碳化硅/氟橡胶复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用机械共混法制备碳化硅（SiC）/氟橡胶（FKM）复合材料,SiC添加前用偶联剂KH-560进行表面改性,研究改性SiC用量对SiC/FKM复合材料性能的影响。结果表明：随着改性SiC用量的增大,SiC/FKM复合材料的硬度增大,拉伸强度在一定范围内得到有效提升,阻尼性能和耐液体介质性能略有降低;当改性SiC用量为15份时,SiC/FKM复合材料具有良好的加工性能、物理性能、阻尼性能、热稳定性和耐液体介质性能,综合性能较优异。     

偶联剂对淀粉/丁苯橡胶复合材料性能的影响

采用乳液共混法制备了淀粉/丁苯橡胶(SBR)以及间苯二酚甲醛树脂(RF)改性淀粉/SBR复合材料,考察了偶联剂对2种复合材料硫化特性、力学性能的影响,并用扫描电镜观察了其相态结构。结果表明,各种偶联剂都能在一定程度上提高淀粉/SBR复合材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度,其中γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)和N-β(氨基乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-792)的增强效果最为显著;采用RF对淀粉进行改性,RF改性淀粉/SBR复合材料的力学性能较之淀粉/SBR复合材料的力学性能有了进一步提高。橡胶相与淀粉相界面结合的改善是RF改性淀粉/SBR复合材料力学性能提高的主要原因。     

改性淀粉/天然橡胶复合材料的性能研究

采用硅烷偶联剂Si69对玉米淀粉进行改性,通过机械共混法制备改性玉米淀粉(MCS)/天然橡胶(NR)复合材料。研究了MCS的用量(0份~25份)对MCS/NR复合材料力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:玉米淀粉经过改性后,改善了复合材料的力学性能。复合材料拉伸强度、撕裂强度均在15份时达到最大值,相比未添加MCS的NR,分别提高了60.5%和31%。随MCS用量的增加,硬度呈上升趋势,回弹率变化不明显,耐磨性提高。     

淀粉/炭黑/NR复合材料的性能研究

分别采用直接共混(DCM)法和乳液共沉(LCM)法制备淀粉/炭黑/NR复合材料,研究不同方法和改性剂对复合材料性能的影响.试验结果表明,与DCM法制备的复合材料相比,LCM法制备的复合材料硬度减小,定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度增大,滚动阻力下降,抗湿滑性能和耐磨性能提高;在LCM法制备的复合材料中加入改性剂间苯二酚-甲醛(RF)树脂或RF树脂/硅烷偶联剂KH-792,复合材料的抗湿滑性能和耐磨性能提高,单独使用RF树脂改性的效果优于RF树脂/KH-792并用改性.     

ATPU和蒙脱土复合增强不饱和聚酯的研究

用插层聚合法制备了不饱和聚酯（UPR）／丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯（ATPU）／改性蒙脱土（OMMT）复合材料，探讨了ATPU和OMMT对复合材料的性能和形态的影响。结果表明，随着ATPU用量的增加，复合材料的冲击强度迅速提高，但复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、巴氏硬度和热变形温度降低；当OMMT少于质量分数3％时，UPR的冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度随OMMT用量的增大而提高，超过质量分数3％时，复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度都下降。当OMMT和ATPU的用量分别为质量分数3％和15％时，拉伸强度提高约50％，而冲击强度和弯曲强度分别提高约8．6％和10．3％，热变形温度提高了12．5℃，收缩率降低了78％。     

PVC／OMMT／WF纳米复合材料性能研究

对蒙脱土进行有机改性制得有机蒙脱土（OMMT），并制备了聚氯乙烯侑机蒙脱土／木粉（PVC／OMMT／WF）纳米复合材料。采用硅烷偶联剂对木粉表面进行改性，有效提高了聚氯乙烯／木粉（PVC／WF）复合材料的力学性能，其中加入1．5％（质量含量，下同）硅烷偶联剂可使复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度分别提高14．8％和18．5％。研究了OMMT的加入对木粉改性前后的PVC／WF复合材料力学性能、耐热性能及阻燃性能的影响，结果表明，木粉未经改性时，OMMT加入无助于PVC／OMMT／WF复合材料力学性能的提高；木粉用硅烷偶联剂改性后，添加少量的OMMT，可使PVC／OMMT／WF复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度明显提高。研究表明，添加OMMT可显著延迟复合材料的点燃时间，燃烧残余率也明显增加，OMMT是PVC／WF复合材料的高效阻燃剂。     

淀粉/炭黑/丁苯橡胶复合材料的抗疲劳性能

采用乳液共混法,用少量淀粉等量替代炭黑,制备淀粉/炭黑/丁苯橡胶(SBR)复合材料,研究了淀粉用量对复合材料抗疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,当丁苯胶乳为100份、炭黑与淀粉的总量为50份时,淀粉最佳替代量为5～8份,在此条件下复合材料的抗疲劳性能大幅度提高;淀粉/炭黑/SBR复合材料的抗疲劳性能与硫化胶的抗切割性能、裤形撕裂强度以及损耗因子有一定的相关性。     

淀粉/SBR复合材料的吸水性对力学性能的影响

研究了淀粉／SBR复合材料以及淀粉／炭黑／SBR复合材料常温下浸水90d时吸水率和静态力学性能的变化，研究结果表明：淀粉用量增加，复合材料的吸水率增加；含20份淀粉的淀粉／SBR复合材料以及淀粉／炭黑／SBR复合材料在常温下浸水90d后，吸水率分别为8．5％和7．5％；淀粉的用量在20份范围内，随着材料浸水时间的延长，淀粉／炭黑／SBR复合材料的力学性能与纯SBR硫化胶和炭黑／SBR复合材料力学性能变化的趋势一致。材料的力学性能浸水30d内有所波动，当浸水至90d时，与未浸水时的相差不大。     

Fabrication and characterization of rice bran carbon/styrene butadiene rubber composites fabricated by latex compounding method

Novel rice bran carbon (RBC) filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were fabricated by latex compounding method (LCM). The chemical structure determination and the static precipitation experiments definitely authenticated the hydrophilicity of RBC, which enables RBC to be uniformly dispersed in water without surface modification and thereby compounded with rubber latex directly. The SBR/RBC composites prepared by LCM exhibited homogeneous filler dispersion state and superior mechanical properties compared with those compounded by solid compounding method (SCM). The vulcanization properties, mechanical properties, thermal stabilities, and swelling properties of SBR/RBC composites prepared by LCM were studied. It was revealed that the tensile strength, modulus, and tear strength of SBR/RBC composites increased correspondingly as the RBC loading increased from 0 to 80 phr. The decomposition temperature would stop rising when the filler loading exceeded 40 phr. The significant increases of the crosslink density with increasing filler volume content indicated the reinforcement effect of RBC. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2594–2602, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Influence of starch on the properties of carbon‐black‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber composites

The influence of starch on the properties of carbon‐black‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites was investigated. When the starch particles were directly melt‐mixed into rubber, the stress at 300% elongation and abrasion resistance decreased evidently with increasing starch amount from 5 to 20 phr. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the abrasion surface showed that some apparent craters of starch particles were left on the surface of the composite, which strongly suggested that the starch particles were large and that interfacial adhesion between the starch and rubber was relatively weak. To improve the dispersion of the starch in the rubber matrix, starch/SBR master batches were prepared by a latex compounding method. Compared with the direct mixing of the starch particles into rubber, the incorporation of starch/SBR master batches improved the abrasion resistance of the starch/carbon black/SBR composites. With starch/SBR master batches, no holes of starch particles were left on the surface; this suggested that the interfacial strength was improved because of the fine dispersion of starch. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed that the loss factor at both 0 and 60°C increased with increasing amount of starch at a small tensile deformation of 0.1%, whereas at a large tensile strain of 5%, the loss factor at 60°C decreased when the starch amount was varied from 5 to 20 phr. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Effects of Filler Loading and Different Preparation Methods on Properties of Cassava Starch/Natural Rubber Composites

Cassava starch-filled natural rubber (NR) composites were prepared by using direct blending and co-coagulation method. The effects of two different method and cassava starch loading on morphology, mechanical properties and thermal properties of cassava starch/NR composites were studied. X-ray diffraction results and scanning electron microscopy images proved that co-coagulation method promotes better dispersion of cassava starch than direct blending method. The composites prepared by co-coagulation method exhibited higher values of tensile strength, tear strength, hardness, and thermal stability. The optimum value of tensile strength and tear strength of cassava starch/NR composites were achieved at a 10 phr cassava starch loading.     

Preparation,characterization, and application of NR/SBR/Organoclay nanocomposites in the tire industry

The natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber/organoclay (NR/SBR/organoclay) nanocomposites were successfully prepared with different types of organoclay by direct compounding. The optimal type of organoclay was selected by the mechanical properties characterization of the NR/SBR/organoclay composites. The series of NR/SBR/organoclay (the optimal organoclay) nanocomposites were prepared with various organoclay contents loading from 1.0 to 7.0 parts per hundreds of rubber (phr). The nearly completely exfoliated organoclay nanocomposites with uniform dispersion were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results of mechanical properties measurement showed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and tear strength were improved significantly when the organoclay content was less than 5.0 phr. The tensile strength and the tear strength of the nanocomposite with only 3.0 phr organoclay were improved by 92.8% and 63.4%, respectively. It showed organoclay has excellent reinforcement effect with low content. The reduction of the score and cure times of the composites indicated that the organoclay acted as accelerator in the process of vulcanization. The incorporation of a small amount of organoclay greatly improved the swelling behavior and thermal stability, which was attributed to the good barrier properties of the dispersed organoclay layers. The outstanding performance of co‐reinforcement system with organoclay in the tire formulation showed that the organoclay had a good application prospect in the tire industry, especially for the improvement of abrasion resistance and the reduction of production cost. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Mechanical and thermal behavior of styrene butadiene rubber composites reinforced with silane-treated peanut shell powder

Biocomposites of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) reinforced with silane-treated peanut shell powder (SPSP) of different filler loadings and particle sizes were prepared by two roll mixing mills with sulfur as a vulcanizing agent. The cure characteristics of composites were studied, and they vulcanized at 160 °C. Test samples were prepared by compression moulding, and their physicomechanical properties, such as tensile strength tear strength, modulus, hardness, and abrasion resistance of SBR vulcanizates, were studied with filler loading 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 parts per hundred rubber (phr). Composites with 10 phr filler having small particle size exhibited better properties. The interfacial adhesion between filler and matrix has a major role in the properties of composites. Surface modification of PSP was done by silane coupling agent to improve the interfacial adhesion and it characterised by FTIR, XRD, TGA, UV, and SEM. Better properties are shown by the composites with SPSP. Thermal stability of the composites was also determined using thermogravimetric analysis.     

脲醛改性酶解木质素对丁苯橡胶阻燃性能的影响

以脲醛改性酶解木质素配合自制的微胶囊红磷(MRP)制得高分子膨胀阻燃剂,用傅里叶变换红外光谱和差示扫描量热法对其进行了表征,并将其添加到丁苯橡胶(SBR)中,研究了SBR的阻燃性能和力学性能。结果表明,脲醛改性酶解木质素在280℃附近出现了1个较强的吸热峰;随着改性酶解木质素或MRP用量的增加,SBR的阻燃性能提高;当改性酶解木质素用量为60份、MRP用量为10份时,或当改性酶解木质素用量为40份、MRP为12份时,SBR的阻燃级别均可达到FV-0级;SBR/改性酶解木质素/MRP共混物的燃烧残渣表面生成了连续而致密的炭层,孔洞很少且细小。当改性酶解木质素用量为40份时,SBR硫化胶具有最佳的拉伸性能;当MRP用量为10份时,SBR硫化胶的综合性能较好。     

Effect of pulverized coal/carbon black hybrid fillers on mechanical properties and thermal stability of styrene butadiene rubber composites

Pulverized coal (coal) possesses a layered structure similar to graphite and is a potential reinforcing filler. In this paper, ball milling is used to reduce the particle diameter of coal. The coal is modified with KH-560 to obtain K-COAL and prepared K-COAL/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) composites. In addition, carbon black (CB) is modified to obtain CB-Si69, K-COAL and CB-Si69 are added to SBR in different ratios to prepare COAL/CB/SBR composites. The results show that the addition of K-COAL can improve the vulcanization performance, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of SBR composites, but the reinforcing effect is weak. In the COAL/CB/SBR composites, the vulcanization and mechanical properties of the composites gradually increase with the increase of CB, while those of the thermal stability decrease. The tensile strength of the 10 phr COAL/30 phr CB/SBR composite is 24.1 MPa, which is elevated by 1105% and 205% compared with the pure SBR and 40 phr K-COAL/SBR composites, respectively. The composites maintain high elasticity while the tensile strengths are greatly improved, and the mechanical properties are significantly enhanced. In conclusion, this paper provides a reference for the clean utilization of coal and shows new possibilities for finding new fillers to replace CB.