Full‐Color Complex‐Amplitude Vectorial Holograms Based on Multi‐Freedom Metasurfaces

Phase, polarization, amplitude, and frequency represent the basic dimensions of light, playing crucial roles for both fundamental light–material interactions and all major optical applications. Metasurfaces have emerged as a compact platform to manipulate these knobs, but previous metasurfaces have limited flexibility to simultaneous control them. A multi‐freedom metasurface that can simultaneously and independently modulate phase, polarization, and amplitude in an analytical form is introduced, and frequency multiplexing is further realized by a k‐space engineering technique. The multi‐freedom metasurface seamlessly combines geometric Pancharatnam–Berry phase and detour phase, both of which are frequency independent. As a result, it allows complex‐amplitude vectorial hologram at various frequencies based on the same design strategy, without sophisticated nanostructure searching of massive geometric parameters. Based on this principle, full‐color complex‐amplitude vectorial meta‐holograms in the visible are experimentally demonstrated with a metal–insulator–metal architecture, unlocking the long‐sought full potential of advanced light field manipulation through ultrathin metasurfaces.     

Hardware Digital Color Enhancement for Color Vision Deficiencies

Up to 10% of the global population suffers from color vision deficiency (CVD) [1], especially deuteranomaly and protanomaly, the conditions in which it is difficult to discriminate between red and green hues.¹⁾ For those who suffer from CVD, their career fields are restricted, and their childhood education is frustrating. There are many optical eye glasses on the market to compensate for this disability. However, although they are attractive due to their light weight, wearing these glasses will decrease visual brightness and cause problems at night. Therefore, this paper presents a supplementary device that comprises a head‐mounted display and an image sensor. With the aid of the image processing technique of digital color space adjustment implemented in a high‐speed field‐programmable gate array device, the users can enjoy enhanced vision through the display without any decrease in brightness.     

A New Anti‐Counterfeiting Feature Relying on Invisible Luminescent Full Color Images Printed with Lanthanide‐Based Inks

Europium and terbium trisdipicolinate complexes are inkjet printed onto paper with commercially available desktop inkjet printers. Together with a commercial blue luminescent ink, the red‐emitting luminescent ink containing europium and the green‐emitting luminescent ink containing terbium are used to reproduce accurate full color images that are invisible under white light and appear under a 254 nm UV light. Such invisible luminescent images are attractive anti‐counterfeiting security features. The luminescent prints have a color range (gamut) nearly as wide as the gamut of a standard sRGB display. The gamut of the luminescent prints is determined by relying on a simple model predicting the relative spectral radiant emittances of any printed luminescent color halftone. The model is also used to establish the correspondence between the surface coverages of the printed luminescent inks and the emitted color of these luminescent halftones. The accuracy of the spectral prediction model is very good and can be rationalized by the absence of quenching when the luminescent lanthanide complexes are printed in superposition with the other luminescent materials.     

单色激光一次曝光记录真彩色全息图

对普通照相所拍摄的彩色景物光栅编码黑白照片作一次单色激光全息曝光记录就得到景物的二维真彩色全息图。与一般的三次曝光法相比,本方法减少了对散射光的记录次数,提高了信噪比,可得到更清晰的全息像。记录中曝光次数的减少也提高了全息图的衍射效率,使再现像更明亮。最后,对图像的三基色信息的同时记录可使再现像颜色更趋于与原景物颜色一致。     

再现光对数字彩色全息图再现像质量的影响

基于色彩合成的数字彩色全息方法，研究了不同波长的再现光对数字彩色全息图再现像质量的影响。引入了偏移因子，进一步分析再现光对再现像的影响。在保证再现光与记录光波长相同的条件下，三基色全息图的分色再现像能够准确重合，并经过色彩合成可获得原物体清晰的彩色再现像。理论推导和实验结果证明：该方法对消除色串扰有很好的效果。     

Plasmonic Color Filters as Dual‐State Nanopixels for High‐Density Microimage Encoding

Plasmonic color filtering has provided a range of new techniques for “printing” images at resolutions beyond the diffraction‐limit, significantly improving upon what can be achieved using traditional, dye‐based filtering methods. Here, a new approach to high‐density data encoding is demonstrated using full color, dual‐state plasmonic nanopixels, doubling the amount of information that can be stored in a unit‐area. This technique is used to encode two data sets into a single set of pixels for the first time, generating vivid, near‐full sRGB (standard Red Green Blue color space)color images and codes with polarization‐switchable information states. Using a standard optical microscope, the smallest “unit” that can be read relates to 2 × 2 nanopixels (370 nm × 370 nm). As a result, dual‐state nanopixels may prove significant for long‐term, high‐resolution optical image encoding, and counterfeit‐prevention measures.     

基于频域滤波的计算机制真彩色彩虹全息图模拟再现

提出了一种计算机制真彩色彩虹全息图模拟再现方法。根据衍射及几何光学的原理,分析了彩色彩虹全息图再现时空间观察窗口与频谱面窗口的对应关系。在计算机中构造照明光(红、绿、蓝三色)的分布,并分别与全息图相乘,采用傅里叶变换对上述结果进行频谱分析,并通过频域滤波获取与特定观察窗口位置对应的频谱信息;然后进行逆傅里叶变换得到全息面上的再现像。将逆傅里叶变换结果衍射一段距离,可得到对应于特定观察窗口、位于不同位置处的再现像。通过计算机模拟得到了与光学再现一致的结果,表明了该方法的可行性。为快速、经济地验证计算机制真彩色彩虹全息图的正确性提供了一种途径。     

Utilization of All Hydrothermally Synthesized Red,Green, Blue Nanophosphors for Fabrication of Highly Transparent Monochromatic and Full‐Color Plasma Display Devices

Visible transparency is one of the attributes pursued in the advancement of display devices. Such a transparency can be realized in a plasma display device simply by applying Y(V,P)O₄:Eu red‐, Y(V,P)O₄:Tm blue‐, and LaPO₄:Ce,Tb green‐emitting nanophosphors with a controlled particle size and reasonable luminescence. The nanophosphors of three primary colors are all hydrothermally synthesized and annealed at appropriate conditions. Highly transparent, uniform emissive layers are deposited by screen‐printing the nanophosphor pastes. Using respective screen‐printed nanophosphor layers of red, blue, and green, monochromatic transparent test panels of plasma display are fabricated and characterized. Ultimately, a white‐luminescing full‐color transparent panel is successfully demonstrated by line‐patterning the individual nanophosphor layers. Furthermore, for an effort to extract more photons and thus improve the brightness of the test panel, polystyrene monolayer‐based 2D photonic crystal is introduced as a scattering medium on the outer surface of the panel and its usefulness was proved.     

制作真彩色全息图的方法

提出了一种在单波长激光条件下，用彩虹全息术合成真彩色全息图的方法，其特点是采用了白光编码记录彩色图像三基色信息，有效地消除了激光散斑的影响，能制造出低噪声、高清晰度的真彩色全息图。     

一种新的三维漫射体真彩色彩虹全息术

提出了一种用单波长激光制作真彩色彩虹全息图的新方法。该方法的要点在于记录彩虹全息图Ｈ２时，使用了合成狭缝技术。因而大大提高了光能利用率，并使再现像的彩色还原性易于控制。给出了理论分析与实验结果     

Resonant‐Enhanced Full‐Color Emission of Quantum‐Dot‐Based Display Technology Using a Pulsed Spray Method

Colloidal quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QDLEDs) with the HfO₂/SiO₂‐distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure are fabricated using a pulsed spray coating method. Pixelated RGB arrays, 2‐in. wafer‐scale white light emission, and an integrated small footprint white light device are demonstrated. The experimental results show that the intensity of red, green, and blue (RGB) emission exhibited considerable enhancement because of the high reflectivity in the UV region by the DBR structure, which subsequently increases the use in the UV optical pumping of RGB QDs. A pulsed spray coating method is crucial in providing uniform RGB layers, and the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film is used as the interface layer between each RGB color to avoid cross‐contamination and self‐assembly of QDs. Furthermore, the chromaticity coordinates of QDLEDs with the DBR structure remain constant under various pumping powers in the large area sample, whereas a larger shift toward high color temperatures is observed in the integrated device. The resulting color gamut of the proposed QDLEDs covers an area 1.2 times larger than that of the NTSC standard, which is favorable for the next generation of high‐quality display technology.     

计算机与光学方法相结合的彩色彩虹全息术

提出了计算机制全息与光学全息相结合制作彩色全息图的彩色彩虹伞息术.通过计算机对彩色图像进行自动分色,制作红、绿、蓝3幅丰计算全息图H1,以H1的再现像为对象,用激光制作彩色彩虹全息图H2,用白光再现获得彩色再现像.该方法把汁算机制全息与传统的光学全息相结合,发挥了计算全息与光学全息的优势.在全息图的计算中采用了快速傅里叶变换,加快了计算速度.给出了理论分析和实验结果.     

制作和重现像面彩色全息图的新方法

本文提出像面彩色全息图的制作白光重现的新方法。根据Kogelnik关于体积全息图的耦合波理论,记录时,根据角度灵敏度的要求,把三基色参考光束分别按照不同角度入射到全息干板上。用这种方法记录的彩色全息图,当用与三基色参考光束的空间频率相同的三基色普通光束照射时,将重现消除了串色干扰的原物体的三维彩色像。利用三个全息光栅从白光中选择出三个再现基色波段,并对像面彩色全息图色散补偿,这种白光重现方法没有色模糊。     

彩色数字全息波前重建算法概论

基于单色CCD记录彩色数字全息图的光学系统及衍射的数值计算理论,综合评述彩色数字全息波前重建的常用算法。对一种只适用于静态物理量检测的波前重建算法做了重要改进,不但消除了频谱混叠对重建光波场的影响,而且让该重建算法适用于动态物理量的实时数字全息检测。并将研究工作推广于彩色CCD记录彩色数字全息图的光学系统,给出了三色光照明下重建物体彩色图像的实例。     

全视差彩虹全息色模糊分析

对用光栅制作的全视差彩虹全息再现像的色模糊进行了定量分析,得出在固定点观察时进入眼瞳波长范围引起的像点纵向和横向位移,指出当像点位于全息图平面时,色模糊为 0。     

Perovskite Photosensors Integrated with Silver Resonant‐Cavity Color Filters Display Color Perception Beyond That of the Human Eye

Organic hybrid perovskite‐based photosensors generally display high responsivities and ultrafast response speeds, but their high dark currents with low detectivities have impeded their commercial applications. In this study, these problems are overcome by modifying the device structure and performing defect passivation of the perovskite. An inverted ITO/NiO_x/perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag structure is applied to minimize the leakage current from the interlayers. In addition, a urea additive is embedded and the thickness of the perovskite layer is optimized, resulting in an ultralow dark current (<2 pA), a peak detectivity of greater than 1.42 × 10¹⁴ Jones, and a high linear dynamic range (LDR) of up to 162 dB (in the response range from 20.25 to 6.80 × 10^‐8 mW cm^‐2). Using high‐purity color filters, combined with a well‐defined white light illumination system derived from a 3A solar simulator, the photosensitivity is evaluated under light of various hues and intensities (down to 10^‐9 mW cm^‐2). The optimized color sensors under blue, green, orange, and red hues of light display LDRs of greater than 139 dB in the mesopic vision regime (wavelengths: 400–700 nm) between 10^‐6 and 10^‐3 mW cm^‐2—outperforming human visual color perception.     

反射型真彩色全息图的两步拍摄新方法

本文在理论分析的基础上，提出用两步法拍摄反射型真彩色全息图的方法，并在实际拍摄中获得了成功。上种拍摄方法完全克服了单光束（dnisyuk）反射型真彩色全息图拍摄中物光和参考光的比率不能调节。再现像只能位于记录介质平面后方等缺点，为真彩色全息技术的应用提供了新的技术。     

Color Tuning of Avobenzone Boron Difluoride as an Emitter to Achieve Full‐Color Emission

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) displaying a wide range of emission colors with emission peaks from 450 to 665 nm using a single emitting material, avobenzone boron difluoride (AVB‐BF₂), are reported. Color tuning is achieved by controlling the aggregation of AVB‐BF₂ and the formation of a “triadic” exciplex of an AVB‐BF₂ dimer and a host molecule. Various electroluminescent devices containing AVB‐BF₂ cover the whole visible light spectrum and a white‐emitting device with CIE coordinates of (0.35, 0.37) is obtained with a single emitting material in a single emissive layer. Furthermore, an exceptionally high external quantum efficiency of nearly 13% is achieved for a green‐emitting OLED because AVB‐BF₂ exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence by forming the exciplex.     

无狭缝计算全息图的白光再现

利用彩虹全息是实现白光全息的常用方法,由于记录过程中引入狭缝使得再现像的视场非常狭小,且只有水平视差。在计算全息中模拟无狭缝记录,通过博奇编码获得菲涅耳全息图,以视频信号输入液晶板(LCD)显示,在白色发光二极管(LED)照明下获得同时具有水平和垂直视差的彩色全息再现像,大小为15 mm×15 mm。调整物面采样间距和滤波小孔孔径以减小色模糊、提高再现光的空间相干性,获得的白光再现像与彩虹全息图的再现像相比,前者虽然牺牲了一定的像质,但垂直视场角远大于后者,且整个系统简单紧凑、操作方便,再现像视场范围大,利于观察和接收,另外宽光谱光源和空间光调制器的使用为实现实时三维彩色全息打下了基础。     

Mechanoluminescence Color Conversion by Spontaneous Fluorescent‐Dye‐Diffusion in Elastomeric Zinc Sulfide Composite

Color conversion, long‐wavelength light emission by absorbing short‐wavelength light, is an attractive approach for developing a broad‐color expression technology and is widely used in solid‐state lighting, dye‐lasers, and colorful displays. Up to now, many papers have been published reporting various mechanoluminescent materials emitting color of ultraviolet, blue, green, orange, and red. However, the strategies of previous reports have focused on color‐tuning of mechanoluminescent material itself through newly developing inorganic mechanoluminescent compounds. Here, a new strategy for the color manipulation of mechanoluminescence (ML) is introduced by physically combining fluorescent dyes with existing mechanoluminescent materials. An elastomeric zinc sulfide (ZnS) composite is prepared in a polydimethylsiloxane framework with spontaneously diffused 4‐(dicyanomethylene)‐2‐t‐butyl‐6‐(1,1,7,7‐tetramethyljulolidyl‐9‐enyl)‐4H‐pyran (DCJTB), and red luminescence by complete color conversion via DCJTB is demonstrated, which fully absorbed green ML from ZnS. Based on this approach, color‐tuning of ML from red to green is successfully achieved and color expression range is expanded by employing electroluminescence (EL). Various‐color‐emitting EL/ML electromechanical display is demonstrated using color discrepancy between DCJTB employed EL and ML. As the implementation is fairly straightforward, it is believed that present color conversion is a viable and common method to manipulate broader color expression for future ML applications.