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1.
State‐of‐the‐Art Neutral Tint Multichromophoric Polymers for High‐Contrast See‐Through Electrochromic Devices 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mauro Sassi Matteo M. Salamone Riccardo Ruffo Giorgio E. Patriarca Claudio M. Mari Giorgio A. Pagani Uwe Posset Luca Beverina 《Advanced functional materials》2016,26(29):5240-5246
Two new multichromophoric electrochromic polymers featuring a conjugated EDOT/ProDOT copolymer backbone (PXDOT) and a reversible Weitz‐type redox active small molecule electrochrome (WTE) tethered to the conjugated chain are reported here. The careful design of the WTEs provides a highly reversible redox behavior with a colorless red switching that complements the colorless blue switching of the conjugated backbone. Subtractive color mixing successfully provides high performing solution processable polymeric layers with colorless neutral tint switchable limiting states for application in see‐through electrochromic devices. Design, synthesis, comprehensive chemical and spectroelectrochemical characterization as well as the preparation of a proof‐of‐concept device are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Organic Electrochromic Polymers: State‐of‐the‐Art Neutral Tint Multichromophoric Polymers for High‐Contrast See‐Through Electrochromic Devices (Adv. Funct. Mater. 29/2016) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Mauro Sassi Matteo M. Salamone Riccardo Ruffo Giorgio E. Patriarca Claudio M. Mari Giorgio A. Pagani Uwe Posset Luca Beverina 《Advanced functional materials》2016,26(29):5239-5239
3.
Jacob Jensen Markus Hösel Aubrey L. Dyer Frederik C. Krebs 《Advanced functional materials》2015,25(14):2073-2090
The field of organic electrochromics is reviewed here, with particular focus on how the “electrochromic” as a functional material can be brought from the current level of accurate laboratory synthesis and characterization to the device and application level through a number of suited roll‐to‐roll methods compatible with upscaling and manufacture. The successful approaches to operational devices are presented in detail, as well as areas where future research would have a high impact and accelerate the development such as highly conducting and transparent substrates, electrolytes adapted for multilayer application and morphologically stable conjugated polymers. 相似文献
4.
采用循环扫描伏安法在Au/Cr/PET复合基底上聚合出聚苯胺(PAN)膜,设计并制备了基于PAN的反射型柔性电致变色器件(ECD)。研究了该ECD反射光谱的电压响应特性。结果显示,所得PAN具有晶体结构,微观上呈直径约60nm的纤维网形态,与Au/Cr/PET基底结合良好;该ECD的反射光谱曲线的波长选择性,在-0.4～+1.8V电压范围内随电压增加而逐渐明显,反射率峰值出现的位置由476nm移至584nm,表现出良好的电致变色响应特性。 相似文献
5.
Jacob Jensen Markus Hösel Inyoung Kim Jong‐Su Yu Jeongdai Jo Frederik C. Krebs 《Advanced functional materials》2014,24(9):1228-1233
Indium‐doped tin oxide free electrochromic devices are prepared by coating electrochromic polymers onto polyethylene terephthalate substrates encompassing two different silver grids as electrodes. One design comprises a flexoprinted highly conductive silver grid electrode, yielding electrochromic devices with a response time of 2 s for an optical contrast of 27%. The other design utilizes an embedded silver grid electrode whereupon response times of 0.5 s for a 30% optical contrast are realized when oxidizing the device. A commercially available conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4‐styrenesulfonate acid) formulation (PEDOT:PSS) is coated onto the silver grids as a charge balancing polymer, and is in this setting found to be superior to a polypyrrole previously employed in electrochromic devices. In addition, the PEDOT:PSS layer increases the conductivity in the hexagonal grid structure. 相似文献
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Lambert Sicard Daminda Navarathne Thomas Skalski W. G. Skene 《Advanced functional materials》2013,23(28):3549-3559
An electroactive polyazomethine is prepared from a solution processable 2,5‐diaminothiophene derivative and 4,4′‐triphenylamine dialdehyde by spray‐coating the monomers on substrates, including indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass and native glass slides. The conjugated polymer was rapidly formed in situ by heating the substrates at 120 °C for 30 min in an acid saturated atmosphere. The resulting immobilized polymer is easily purified by rinsing the substrate with dichloromethane. The on‐substrate polymerization is tolerant towards large stoichiometry imbalances of the comonomers, unlike solution step‐growth polymerization. The resulting polyazomethine is electroactive and it can be switched reversibly between its neutral and oxidized states both electrochemically and chemically without degradation. A transmissive electrochromic device is fabricated from the immobilized polyazomethine on an ITO electrode. The resulting device is successfully cycled between its oxidized (dark blue) and neutral (cyan/light green) states with applied biases of +3.2 and ‐1.5 V under ambient conditions without significant color fatigue or polymer degradation. The coloration efficiency of the oxidized state at 690 nm is 102 cm2 C?1. 相似文献
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Lambert Sicard Daminda Navarathne Thomas Skalski W. G. Skene 《Advanced functional materials》2013,23(28):3548-3548
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The complementary electrochromic device, where the optical transmittance changes upon the flow of cations back and forth between anodic and cathodic electrodes, operates in a rocking-chair fashion if it can inherently self-discharge. Herein, the first demonstration of a dual-mode electrochromic platform having self-coloring and self-bleaching characteristics is reported, which is realized by sandwiching zinc metal within a newly-designed Prussian blue (PB)-WO3 rocking-chair type electrochromic device. It is demonstrated that the redox potential differences between the zinc metal and the WO3/PB electrodes endow the self-color-switching of these electrodes. By employing a hybrid electrolyte of Zn2+/K+, it is further shown that the colored PB-WO3 rocking-chair device is capable of spontaneously bleaching when the anodic and cathodic electrodes are coupled. This dual-mode light-control strategy enables the electrochromic devices to exhibit four distinct optical states with the highest optical contrast of 72.6% and fast switching times (<5 s for the bleaching/coloration processes). Furthermore, the built-in voltage of the dual-mode electrochromic devices not only promotes energy efficiency, but also augments the bistability of the devices. It is envisioned that the broad implication of the present platform is in the development of self-powered smart windows, colorful displays, optoelectronic switches, and optical sensors. 相似文献
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Sara Pouladi Monika Rathi Devendra Khatiwada Mojtaba Asadirad Seung Kyu Oh Pavel Dutta Yao Yao Ying Gao Sicong Sun Yongkuan Li Shahab Shervin Keon‐Hwa Lee Venkat Selvamanickam Jae‐Hyun Ryou 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2019,27(1):30-36
This study demonstrates the first flexible single‐junction III‐V photovoltaic solar cells (SCs) based on single‐crystal‐like gallium arsenide (GaAs) thin films on a low‐cost metal substrate by direct and continuous deposition, which can bypass expensive single crystal wafer fabrication. The two‐dimensional modeling of the GaAs SC is developed and used to study feasibility of single‐crystal‐like GaAs thin films for high performance SC devices. A promising SC device performance characteristic with an open‐circuit voltage of 560 mV and short circuit current of 19.4 mA/cm2, resulting in a conversion efficiency of ~7.6%, is demonstrated. 相似文献
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As environmental considerations for both the processing and disposal of electronic devices become increasingly important, the ability to replace plastic and glass substrates with bioderived and biodegradable materials remains a major technological goal. Here, the use of cellulose nanofiber‐coated paper is explored as an environmentally benign substrate for preparing low‐resistance (460 Ω sq?1), colorless (a* = ?2.3, b* = ?2.7) printed poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes. The PEDOT:PSS/paper electrodes support the reversible oxidation of three electrochromic polymers (ECPs) (cyan, magenta, and yellow), affording the possibility for fully printed, color displays on paper. Lateral electrochromic devices (ECDs) incorporating an ion gel electrolyte are demonstrated where a magenta‐to‐colorless device achieves a color contrast (ΔE*) of 56 owing to a highly color‐neutral bleached state of the ECP (a* = ?0.5, b* = 2.9). Black‐to‐colorless devices achieve ΔE* = 29 and are able to retain 86% of their color contrast after 9000 switches. The switching times of these lateral devices are quantified through colorimetric image analysis which shows comparable performance for devices constructed on paper as devices using ITO/glass electrodes (10 Ω sq?1). The paper ECDs are then combusted in air leaving 3% of the initial mass at 600 °C, highlighting this approach as a promising route toward disposable displays. 相似文献
11.
Shengyun Huang Yannan Liu Maziar Jafari Mohamed Siaj Haining Wang Shuyong Xiao Dongling Ma 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(14):2010022
Solid and flexible electrochromic (EC) devices require a delicate design of every component to meet the stringent requirements for transparency, flexibility, and deformation stability. However, the electrode technology in flexible EC devices stagnates, wherein brittle indium tin oxide (ITO) is the primary material. Meanwhile, the inflexibility of metal oxide usually used in an active layer and the leakage issue of liquid electrolyte further negatively affect EC device performance and lifetime. Herein, a novel and fully ITO-free flexible organic EC device is developed by using Ag–Au core–shell nanowire (Ag–Au NW) networks, EC polymer and LiBF4/propylene carbonate/poly(methyl methacrylate) as electrodes, active layer, and solid electrolyte, respectively. The Ag–Au NW electrode integrated with a conjugated EC polymer together display excellent stability in harsh environments due to the tight encapsulation by the Au shell, and high area capacitance of 3.0 mF cm−2 and specific capacitance of 23.2 F g−1 at current density of 0.5 mA cm−2. The device shows high EC performance with reversible transmittance modulation in the visible region (40.2% at 550 nm) and near-infrared region ( − 68.2% at 1600 nm). Moreover, the device presents excellent flexibility ( > 1000 bending cycles at the bending radius of 5 mm) and fast switching time (5.9 s). 相似文献
12.
Pol Salles David Pinto Kanit Hantanasirisakul Kathleen Maleski Christopher E. Shuck Yury Gogotsi 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(17)
MXenes, a large family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, have shown potential in energy storage and optoelectronic applications. Here, the optoelectronic and pseudocapacitive properties of titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) are combined to create a MXene electrochromic device, with a visible absorption peak shift from 770 to 670 nm and a 12% reversible change in transmittance with a switching rate of <1 s when cycled in an acidic electrolyte under applied potentials of less than 1 V. By probing the electrochromic effect in different electrolytes, it is shown that acidic electrolytes (H3PO4 and H2SO4) lead to larger absorption peak shifts and a higher change of transmittance than the neutral electrolyte (MgSO4) (Δλ is 100 nm vs 35 nm and ΔT770 nm is ≈12% vs ≈3%, respectively), hinting at the surface redox mechanism involved. Further investigation of the mechanism by in situ X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveals that the reversible shift of the absorption peak is attributed to protonation/deprotonation of oxide‐like surface functionalities. As a proof of concept, it is shown that Ti3C2Tx MXene, dip‐coated on a glass substrate, functions as both transparent conductive coating and active material in an electrochromic device, opening avenues for further research into optoelectronic and photonic applications of MXenes. 相似文献
13.
《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2017,25(11):928-935
This work develops a combinational use of solvent additive and in‐line drying oven on the flexible organic photovoltaics to improve large‐area roll‐to‐roll (R2R) slot‐die coating process. Herein, addition of 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) in the photoactive layer is conducted to yield a performance of 3.05% based on the blending of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), and a very promising device performance of 7.32% based on the blending of poly[[4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy] benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b’] dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl] [3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7) and [6,6]‐phenyl C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). Based on this R2R slot‐die coating approach for various polymers, we demonstrate the high‐performance result with respect to the up‐scaling from small high‐PCE cell to large‐area module. This present study provides a route for fabricating a low‐cost, large‐area, and environmental‐friendly flexible organic photovoltaics. 相似文献
14.
《Advanced Electronic Materials》2017,3(2)
This work reveals that the electrical conductivity σ of a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film can be significantly increased by spin‐coating multiple thin layers onto a substrate. Generally, σ can be improved by more than fourfold for multiple layers, as compared to a single thicker one. A gradual enhancement is observed for pristine PEDOT:PSS films (up to 2.10 ± 0.26 S cm–1 for five‐layered films), while a plateau in σ at around 200 S cm–1 is reached after only three layers, when using a PEDOT:PSS solution with 5 vol% dimethyl sulfoxide. By contrast, only a small change in σ is observed for single layers of varying thickness. Accordingly, the thermoelectric power factor is also increased by up to 3.4 times for the multiple layers. Based on atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–vis, and Raman spectroscopy measurements, two mechanisms are also proposed, involving an increase in percolation by inclusion of smaller grains within the existing ones, respectively, a reorganization of the PEDOT:PSS chains. These findings represent a direct strategy for enhancing the thermoelectric performance of conductive polymer films without additional reagents, while the mechanistic insights explain existing literature results. 相似文献
15.
《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(14)
Mechanically robust, highly ionic conductive gels based on a random copolymer of poly[styrene‐ran‐1‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate] (P[S‐r‐VBMI][PF6]) and the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMI][TFSI]) are successfully prepared. The gels with either homo P[VBMI][PF6] or conventional PS‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐PS (SMS) show significant trade‐off between ionic conductivity and mechanical resilience. In contrast, the P[S‐r‐VBMI][PF6]‐based gels exhibit both large elastic modulus (≈0.105 MPa) and ionic conductivity (≈1.15 mS cm−1) at room temperature. To demonstrate that these materials can be used as solid‐state electrolytes, the ion gels are functionalized by incorporating electrochromic (EC) chromophores (ethyl viologen, EV2+) and are applied to EC devices (ECDs). The devices show low‐voltage operation, large optical transmittance variation, and good cyclic coloration/bleaching stability. In addition, flexible ECDs are fabricated to take advantage of the mechanical properties of the gels. The ECDs have excellent bending durability under both compressive and tensile strains. The versatile P[S‐r‐VBMI][PF6]‐based gel is anticipated to be of advantage in flexible electrochemical applications, such as batteries and electrochemical displays. 相似文献
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Wataru Honda Shingo Harada Takayuki Arie Seiji Akita Kuniharu Takei 《Advanced functional materials》2014,24(22):3299-3304
Wearable human‐interactive devices are advanced technologies that will improve the comfort, convenience, and security of humans, and have a wide range of applications from robotics to clinical health monitoring. In this study, a fully printed wearable human‐interactive device called a “smart bandage” is proposed as the first proof of concept. The device incorporates touch and temperature sensors to monitor health, a drug‐delivery system to improve health, and a wireless coil to detect touch. The sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) structure, and wireless coil are monolithically integrated onto flexible substrates. A smart bandage is demonstrated on a human arm. These types of wearable human‐interactive devices represent a promising platform not only for interactive devices, but also for flexible MEMS technology. 相似文献
19.
Flexible multi‐colored electrochromic and volatile memory devices are fabricated from a solution‐processable electroactive aromatic polyimide with starburst triarylamine unit. The polyimide prepared by the chemical imidization was highly soluble in many organic solvents and showed useful levels of thermal stability associated with high glass‐transition temperatures. The polyimide with strong electron‐donating capability possesses static random access memory behavior and longer retention time than other 6FDA‐based polyimides. The differences of the highest‐occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels among these polyimides with different electron‐donating moieties are investigated and the effect on the memory behavior is demonstrated. The polymer film shows reversible electrochemical oxidation and electrochromism with high contrast ratio both in the visible range and near‐infrared region, which also exhibits high coloration efficiency, low switching time, and the outstanding stability for long‐term electrochromic operation. The highly stable electrochromism and interesting volatile memory performance are promising properties for the practical flexible electronics applications in the future. 相似文献