细水雾灭火技术开创国内外灭火新纪元

2007年5月，河南海力特公司成功研制开发出高效、节水、环保的灭火技术及其装备。2007年6月，这一事件又有喜人进展：公安部专门发出通知，要求在全国公安消防系统推广使用高效细水雾灭火消防车辆技术装备。这也就意味着，该公司首创的“细水雾”灭火技术装备将在全国大显神威。     

地铁消防应用细水雾灭火的问题探讨

本文对地铁消防中应用细水雾灭火系统的几个主要问题提出了自己的观点,并通过分析提出解决问题的看法为目前正在征求意见的国家细水雾设计规程和地铁工程应用细水雾灭火系统提供一些参考。     

海力特高压细水雾灭火产品简介

海力特集团公司率先在国内实现了高压细水雾消防产品和高压细水雾脱硫除尘降温产品的开发生产。高压细水雾消防产品具有安全环保、高效节水的特点,并通过了国家固定灭火系统及耐火构件质量监督检验中心、国家消防装备质量监督检验中心的检测以及中国船级社的认证。     

Assessment of the Use of Fire Dynamics Simulator in Performance-Based Design

This paper discusses a procedure for the use of fire modelling in the performance-based design environment to quantify design fires for commercial buildings. This procedure includes building surveys, medium-and full-scale experiments and computer modelling. In this study, a survey of commercial premises was conducted to determine fire loads and types of combustibles present in these buildings. Statistical data from the literature were analysed to determine the frequency of fires, ignition sources, and locations relevant to these premises. Based on the results of the survey and the statistical analyses a number of fuel packages were designed that represent fire loads and combustible materials in commercial buildings. The fuel packages were used to perform medium- and full-scale, post-flashover fire tests to collect data on heat release rates, compartment temperatures and production and concentration of toxic gases. Based on the experimental results, input data files for the computational model, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), were developed to simulate the burning characteristics of the fuel packages observed in the experiments. Comparative analysis between FDS model predictions and experimental data of HRR, carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO₂), indicated that FDS model was able to predict the HRR, temperature profile in the burn room, and the total production of CO and CO₂ for medium- and large-scale experiments as well as real size stores.     

Extinguishment of Cooking Oil Fires by Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems

A series of full-scale experiments were conducted in a mock-up commercial cooking area to study extinguishing mechanisms and effectiveness of water mist against cooking oil fires. The impact of water mist characteristics, such as spray angle, droplet size, flow rate, discharge pressure and type of nozzle, on the effectiveness of water mist against cooking oil fires was investigated. A series of oil splash experiments were also conducted to determine if the oil was splashed by water mist. In addition, the change in oil composition during heating and fire suppression was determined using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique.The study showed that cooking oil fires were very difficult to extinguish, because they burned at high temperature and re-ignited easily due to changes in oil composition during heating and fire suppression. The water mist systems developed in the present work effectively extinguished cooking oil fires and prevented them from re-ignition. The spray angle, discharge pressure, and water flow rate were important factors to determine the effectiveness of water mist in extinguishing cooking oil fires.     

高压细水雾灭火系统用于绍兴市档案馆库房

细水雾灭火系统是一种灭火效率高、耗水量少、绿色环保的新型灭火系统。结合绍兴市综合档案馆大型库房消防设计实例,介绍了高压细水雾灭火系统的组成、工作原理、设计参数、计算公式、控制方式等,提出了高压细水雾灭火系统在实际应用中存在的问题和相关建议。     

The Capabilities and Limitations of Total Flooding, Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems in Machinery Space Applications

Water mist fire suppression systems are being seriously considered as replacements for Halon 1301 total flooding systems in machinery space applications. A total flooding water mist system is designed to discharge mist uniformly throughout the entire enclosure/compartment. The tests conducted to date form a substantial database for water mist systems installed in machinery spaces with volumes from 100 m³ to 1,000 m³ and varying degrees of ventilation. These tests have also identified the strengths and limitations of water mist in these applications. This report describes the capabilities of total flooding water mist fire suppression systems in machinery space applications.     

Assessment of Fire Dynamics Simulator for Heat Flux and Flame Heights Predictions from Fires in SBI Tests

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of heat flux and flame heights from fires generated in single burning item (SBI) tests. Thin steel plate probes were developed, as an inexpensive and reliable alternative to heat flux gauges, to measure the surface heat flux, whilst flame heights were determined by analyzing the instantaneous images extracted from the videos of the experiments by a CCD camera. Experimental results obtained at different heat release rates were subsequently used to assess the accuracy of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, Fire dynamics simulator (FDS, V4.07). Simulation results indicated that though predicting reasonably flame heights FDS underpredicts significantly the surface heat flux at higher heat release rates. Consequently, a sensitivity study of the parameters used in the radiation and soot models in FDS was conducted.     

细水雾灭火机理探讨

本文研究了细水雾水滴直径与蒸发时间的关系,不同可燃物燃耗氧量的关系,并分析了水滴蒸发吸热量和水蒸汽分压增加对灭火效果的贡献,结合实验研究结果提出细水雾灭火的机理主要是水滴迅速汽化形成的水蒸气层阻碍了氧气向燃烧区域的扩散,而使可燃物燃烧耗尽局部区域氧气窒息熄灭。     

A Study of Total Flooding Water Mist Fire Suppression System Performance Using a Transient One-Zone Computer Model

Due to the intense R&D activity in the field of water mist fire suppression during the past decade, the qualitative and quantitative understanding on the performance of water mist has increased significantly. This development has led to a point in which quantitative theoretical models describing large-scale water mist fire suppression systems begin to emerge. This paper describes the composition and validation of one such model, designed for total flooding water mist applications, especially against flammable liquid hazards in enclosures. The basic construction of the model is first described, followed by an example on the validation of the model using full-scale experimental data. The model is then used to investigate the limitations to the maximum possible mist concentration in the protected space. The potential of the model as an engineering tool is illustrated by making predictions on the scaling laws associated with water mist systems in the framework of IMO MSC/Circ.668/728 as the enclosure volumes and ventilation conditions are varied. The predictions are found to be in agreement with what is indicated by the recent US Coast Guard test series in very large machinery spaces.     

Assessment of Numerical Simulation Capabilities of the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS 6) for Planar Air Curtain Flows

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results are discussed for momentum driven planar jet flows, resembling configurations in use for air curtain in the context of smoke control in building fire. The CFD package Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is used. Special focus is given to the impact of grid resolution, synthetic turbulent inflow boundary condition and sub-grid scale eddy viscosity models. The computational results are compared with summarized literature data. Investigation of different set-ups of inlet boundary conditions, including the inlet duct length, velocity profile and method of generation of turbulence at the level of the inflow, reveals that the inlet boundary condition is the most influential factor governing the flow downstream. The FDS results successfully reproduce the planar jet flows, both in terms of mean variables and second-order statistics. ‘Reference’ results have been obtained with a fully developed turbulent flow emerging from a long inlet duct. By reducing the inlet duct length and applying the Synthetic Eddy Method (SEM) at the inflow boundary condition, the ‘reference’ results have been reproduced with a reduction in the computing times of approximately 20%. However, care must be taken when choosing the parameters of SEM, in particular the number of eddies and their length scale. The impact of turbulent viscosity model is noticeable, but not of primary importance for the flow at hand, provided that a sufficiently fine computational mesh is used.     

高压细水雾灭火系统在绿色消防中的应用

目前扑灭电气用房火灾的两种主要方式：气体灭火系统和高压细水雾灭火系统。高压细水雾灭火系统是一种绿色、环保、节能、节水的新型灭火方式;气体灭火系统是一种技术最为成熟、应用最广泛的传统灭火方式。分析了两种灭火方式的灭火机理,并对两种系统进行了比较,表明高压细水雾灭火系统能够节省建筑空间,便于工程应用,降低日常维护工作量和费用。介绍了高压细水雾灭火系统在枣庄项目中的应用优势。对高压细水雾灭火系统的应用前景进行了展望。     

Assessment of a Method to Enhance the Momentum of Water Mist: Co-Flow Jet Water Mist System

Fire Technology - Water mist is considered as a potential alternative to halon in fire extinguishing applications. However, penetration is remarkably reduced due to the rapid decay of momentum in...     

泵组式高压细水雾灭火系统管网施工技术

介绍了泵组式高压细水雾系统管网的组成,详细描述了管网的材质、连接方式、支架布置、喷头安装和系统施压、冲洗等安装技术。     

高压细水雾灭火系统在轨道交通中的应用

广州市珠江新城核心区市政交通项目旅客自动输送系统(简称APM线)采用了高压细水雾灭火系统,实际运行效果良好。结合该实例详细介绍了高压细水雾灭火系统用于轨道交通时的设计参数与控制系统,可供相关工程参考。     

普通多层民用建筑采用低压消防给水系统的可行性

《建规》第8．6．3条规定：设置常高压给水系统的建筑物，如能保证最不利点消火栓和自动喷水灭火设备等的水量和水压，可不设消防水箱。设置临时高压消防给水系统的建筑物，应设消防水箱或气压水罐、水塔，并符合下列要求：在建筑物的最高部位设置重力自流的消防水箱；室内消防水箱（包括气压水罐、水塔、分区给水系统的分区水箱），应储存10min的消防用水量。     

军用泵式高压细水雾灭火系统的设计

世界各国都在致力于新的消防技术研究，细水雾灭火以其高效、环保的特点，已经成为最具有发展潜力的哈龙替代技术和国际火灾科学前沿的研究热点之一。在军船领域。欧美发达国家的细水雾灭火系统已在舰船上得到应用，为此，国内正在进行这方面的研究。