氧氩流量比对RF溅射ZnO:Mg薄膜结构及光学性能的影响

利用射频(RF)磁控溅射技术,采用单质Zn靶和 MgO陶瓷靶共溅射,在O₂和Ar气的混合气氛下制备了Mg掺杂ZnO(ZnO:Mg)薄膜,并通过改变O₂和Ar的流量比O ₂/Ar,研究了 对ZnO:Mg薄膜的物相结构、表面形貌及光学性能的影响。结果表明,室 温下O₂/Ar在1∶1～3∶1 范围内制备的薄膜均为单相的ZnO(002)薄膜,薄膜具有三维(3D)的结核生长模式;沉积的 ZnO:Mg薄膜在 N₂氛下200℃退火处理后,O₂/Ar为3∶1制备的薄膜在380～1200nm光谱范围内具有较高的透过率,可见光区平 均透过率约为85%、最大透过率达90%;薄膜的光学带隙 Eg为3.51eV,Mg掺杂对ZnO薄膜的光学带隙具有 较为明显的调制作用;采用极值包络线法计算表明,薄膜在589.3nm 处的折射率为1.963,膜厚约285nm。     

射频磁控溅射ITO薄膜中沉积温度对膜特性影响

采用射频磁控溅射的方法,在溅射过程中改变沉积温度以提高铟锡氧化物(ITO)薄膜的电学和光学特性。采用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了ITO薄膜的表面形貌,发现ITO薄膜的晶粒尺寸随着衬底温度的升高而增大。经过后续退火,ITO薄膜的电学特性得到了较大的提高。在溅射条件为工作气压1 Pa、衬底温度200℃和输入功率200 W沉积的样品经过300℃真空退火2 h获得了12.8×10-4Ω.cm的低电阻率和800 nm波段94%的高透过率。     

溅射功率对NiO薄膜性质的影响

在室温条件下,采用射频磁控溅射的方法在石英衬底上制备了NiO薄膜,深入研究了不同溅射功率对NiO的结构、光学和电学特性的影响。随着溅射功率的升高,NiO薄膜逐渐由非晶态薄膜转变成具有(111)择优取向的晶态薄膜,同时发现NiO薄膜在可见光区透过率较大,而在紫外光区透过率减小;随着溅射功率的升高,薄膜在可见光区域和紫外区域的光学透过率均明显减小,同时禁带宽度也减小,但导电性增强。     

高RF功率制备的ZnO:Li薄膜性能研究

实验采用射频(RF)磁控溅射法在高射频功率(550 W)下制备了Zn0.9Li0.1O薄膜,探讨了薄膜的光学性能,并与低溅射功率制备的薄膜性能进行了比较。结果表明,高功率下溅射的薄膜晶粒均匀细小,表面平整致密,在可见光波长范围内,透过率达80%。该薄膜的光学带隙约3.29 eV,明显低于低功率溅射的薄膜(3.44 eV)。其室温光致发光(PL)谱结果显示,最强峰是由Li杂质能级引起的399 nm峰,热处理后,370 nm的带间发光峰增强,而低功率制备的薄膜其PL谱与纯ZnO材料的特征谱相似。     

沉积条件对室温下磁控溅射AZO薄膜微结构与光电性能的影响

通过控制室温下射频磁控溅射过程中不同的氩气工作气压、溅射功率和沉积时间,在石英玻璃上沉积Al掺杂ZnO（AZO）薄膜,探究了三种工艺条件对制备的AZO薄膜的微结构及光电性能的影响。所制备的AZO薄膜经500℃退火后均为六方纤锌矿结构,具有优异的透明度,在可见光范围内的平均透过率均在86%以上。在气压0.25 Pa、功率200 W下,溅射时间为10 min时,薄膜的电阻率低至5.04×10^-3Ω·cm,而溅射时间为15 min时,Haacke性能指数最优,为0.314×10^-3Ω^-1。结果表明,磁控溅射制备的AZO薄膜的晶体结构、方阻和透过率等特性与制备过程中的气压、功率和时间密切相关,通过评价性能指数可指导优化AZO薄膜的制备工艺。     

氮气退火对NiO/ZnO:Al薄膜PN结的影响

利用磁控溅射法,在ITO玻璃基底上沉积NiO薄膜和ZnO:Al(Al掺杂的ZnO或AZO)薄膜,制备具有半导体特性的NiO/ZnO:Al透明异质结二极管。使用UV-1700型分光光度计、KEITHLEY4200-SCS半导体测试仪、JSM-6490LV型扫描电子显微镜等分析氮气退火对NiO/ZnO:Al薄膜性能的影响。实验结果表明:500℃退火范围内,NiO薄膜的透过率随退火温度的升高单调上升,500℃时透过率在80%以上,NiO/ZnO:Al薄膜的透过率明显提高;在400℃时,NiO/ZnO:Al薄膜整流特性最佳。     

基底温度对直流磁控溅射ITO透明导电薄膜性能的影响

用直流磁控溅射法制备透明导电锡掺杂氧化铟(ITO)薄膜,靶材为ITO陶瓷靶,组分为m(In2O3):m(SnO2)=9:1.运用分光光度计,四探针测试仪研究了基底温度对薄膜透过率、电阻率的影响,并用X射线衍射(XRD)仪对薄膜进行结构分析.计算了晶面间距和晶粒尺寸,分析了薄膜的力学性质.实验结果表明,在实验设备条件下,直流磁控溅射ITO陶瓷靶制备ITO薄膜时,适当的基底温度(200℃)能在保证薄膜85%以上高可见光透过率下,获得最低的电阻率,即基底温度有个最佳值.薄膜的结晶度随着基底温度的提高而提高.     

氮气退火对NiO/ZnO薄膜PN结的影响

利用磁控溅射法,在ITO玻璃基底上沉积NiO薄膜和ZnO:Al（Al掺杂的ZnO或AZO）薄膜,制备具有半导体特性的NiO/ZnO透明异质结二极管。使用UV—1700型分光光度计、KEITHLEY4200-SCS半导体测试仪、JSM-6490LV型扫描电子显微镜等分析氮气退火对NiO/ZnO薄膜性能的影响。实验结果表明： 500℃退火范围内,NiO薄膜的透过率随退火温度的升高单调上升,500℃时透过率在80%以上,NiO/ZnO薄膜的透过率明显提高;在400℃时,NiO/ZnO薄膜整流特性最佳。     

超声雾化热解法制备ATO薄膜及其性能研究

采用超声雾化热解法在石英基底上制备了掺锑二氧化锡透明导电薄膜。采用X射线衍射检测薄膜的晶体结构,扫描电子显微镜观察薄膜的表面形貌,研究了不同基底温度和Sb掺杂量下薄膜的晶体优势生长面、晶粒形状的变化、可见光透过率和方块电阻。结果表明,薄膜的晶粒度在80～200 nm。当Sb摩尔比为1%、基底温度为540℃时,薄膜的方块电阻最小,约为16.91Ω/□。随着镀膜温度的上升,薄膜的优势生长面从(110)面逐渐向(211)面转移。当Sb掺杂比为1%时,薄膜的可见光透过率最高,当掺杂浓度增大后,薄膜的透过率出现下降。     

柔性PEN衬底ZnO：Ga薄膜的性能研究

以PEN柔性薄膜作为衬底,采用直流对靶磁控溅射的方法,在室温下制备ZnO：Ga薄膜。研究了不同溅射功率和不同溅射压强下制备出的薄膜表现出不同的光学和电学特性。经过溅射压强和溅射功率的优化,获得薄膜厚约900nm、电阻率为7．72×10^-4Ω·cm和可见光平均透过率超过75％的PEN衬底ZnO：Ga薄膜。将其应用于PE...     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.