锈蚀程度对钢筋力学性能的影响规律研究

为研究锈蚀钢筋力学性质的衰变规律,基于概率统计学理论,采用人工加速锈蚀法对五种直径的HRB400钢筋实施锈蚀处理,并利用除锈剂除锈后进行室内拉伸试验。结果表明,随着钢筋锈蚀程度的增大,钢筋的名义屈服强度、名义极限强度均呈线性退化规律,钢筋断后伸长率呈先急后缓退化,非线性变化规律明显;在相同锈蚀条件下,大直径钢筋的名义屈服强度、名义极限强度和断后伸长率的退化速度较快,但与小直径钢筋无显著统计学差异。研究成果可为已建混凝土结构的承载力、耐久性等服役效能评价提供理论依据,对结构的加固补强、工程续建等施工方案的制定有重要的参考价值。     

装配式剪力墙新型预留弯钩钢筋搭接长度分析

为研究不同混凝土强度等级和钢筋直径对预留弯钩钢筋水平连接搭接长度的影响,首先利用ANSYS中非线性弹簧单元,组成三维联结单元模拟钢筋与混凝土之间的粘结滑移,并结合试验确定粘结滑移本构关系;其次计算不同混凝土强度等级和不同钢筋直径下的新型预留弯钩钢筋搭接长度。结果发现,各种情况下预留弯钩钢筋搭接长度都接近十分之七的标准设计值。研究结果为实际工程设计提供参考。     

钢—聚乙烯醇纤维混凝土与锈蚀钢筋粘结性能研究

为研究混杂纤维混凝土与锈蚀钢筋粘结性的关系,通过电化学加速锈蚀,获取4组不同钢筋锈蚀率(0~6.89%)的钢—聚乙烯醇纤维混凝土试件。采用中心拉拔试验,得到不同锈蚀率情况下钢筋与混杂纤维混凝土的粘结强度,分析锈蚀率、混杂纤维体积率对钢筋与混凝土粘结性能的影响,并根据试验结果提出了混杂纤维混凝土粘结强度系数和滑移值系数与钢筋锈蚀率之间的数学关系式。结果表明,在一定范围内混杂纤维体积率越大,钢筋与混凝土之间的粘结性能越好,粘结强度随着锈蚀率的升高呈现先增加后下降的趋势。     

复杂配筋静载试桩桩帽数值模拟分析

以驻马店未来科技城工程基础桩试验方案为例,基于钢筋混凝土有限元分离式模型及William-Warnke五参数混凝土强度准则,应用有限元分析软件ANSYS对形状优化后的复杂配筋静载试桩的桩帽进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明,桩帽的位移、混凝土强度、钢筋强度均满足要求;桩帽的最大位移发生在千斤顶作用位置;桩帽内环向钢筋的应力较大,桩帽设计时应适当增大环向钢筋的配筋率;桩帽裂缝主要出现在千斤顶作用面周边,可在千斤顶下部设置钢垫板,以避免裂缝的产生。     

新老混凝土中钢筋通电加速锈蚀特性试验研究

为研究新老混凝土中抗剪钢筋锈蚀的相关特性,采用通电加速锈蚀方法分析了设计锈蚀率分别为5%、10%条件下新老混凝土中抗剪钢筋的锈蚀特性,探究了不同位置处钢筋锈蚀的异同。结果表明,混凝土浇筑面锈蚀率大于非浇筑面;钢筋锈蚀率和锈蚀效率与混凝土强度呈正相关关系;设计锈蚀率10%较5%的锈蚀效果更好;新老混凝土结合面处钢筋锈蚀情况较其他地方严重。     

结构设计因素对泄洪洞衬砌混凝土施工期温度裂缝的影响

施工期温度裂缝会给高流速泄洪洞带来安全隐患,影响结构耐久性,应从结构设计开始加强控制。综合已有研究成果,补充部分三维有限元仿真计算,并结合三峡、溪洛渡、白鹤滩等巨型水电站泄洪洞衬砌结构设计的成功经验,系统分析结构型式、断面尺寸、内部钢筋和过缝钢筋、锚杆、衬砌与围岩间设砂浆垫层等结构设计因素对衬砌混凝土温度裂缝控制的影响程度,提出在衬砌结构设计中要兼顾混凝土温度裂缝控制,尽量减小约束,尽可能选择平直、小曲率、小断面结构,减小分缝分块,钢筋不过缝,衬砌与围岩间设砂浆垫层等。     

航空用TC4合金组织与性能中热处理的影响机制分析

TC4是钛合金中两相合金的典型代表,在航空领域的应用十分广泛,主要是用在制造压气机叶片、盘件、设备紧固件等方面。而随着TC4合金组织与性能的不断优化,其用途越来越宽泛,工业前景广阔。钛合金在使用过程中,热处理工艺是有效调整材料强塑比的主要方式,其中固溶处理与时效强化相结合,可以在很大程度上提高材料强度,并降低塑性。现阶段,我国对于TC4钛合金的高温性能、热温性能、蠕变性能等研究十分重视,但是,基于热处理工艺满足航空用TC4合金使用性能的相关探究却寥寥无几。因此,通过不同热处理制度在TC4合金组织与性能中的影响研究,得出结果,在固溶温度不断升高的趋势下,显微组织从两相区固溶转变成了单相区固溶,其中的σ1和σ2也显著提高了,断后伸长率与断面收缩率都在一定程度上有了缩减。而且在时效温度不断上升的趋势下,显微组织开始越来越均匀,其中α相的等轴化程度有所提升,而σ1和σ2都呈现下降趋势,断后伸长率与断面收缩率都逐渐升高。     

基于热重和拉伸实验的XLPE电缆绝缘热老化状态分析及机理研究

工况下交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘材料的老化会导致其较预期相对较早达到寿命终点,威胁输电系统的可靠运行。采用热老化来模拟工况环境下电缆的老化过程,选取100 ℃、120 ℃和140 ℃和160 ℃ 4个不同的老化温度,在每个温度点选取6个老化阶段,研究不同老化温度和老化时间对XLPE电缆绝缘试样性能的影响。通过热重和拉伸测试研究电缆的热性能、机械性能及其结构随老化程度的变化,得到电缆绝缘试样的热老化活化能、起始分解温度、最快分解温度、终止分解温度、断裂伸长率和拉伸强度等参数。研究结果表明：活化能、起始分解温度、最快分解温度和断裂伸长率对电缆老化状态较为敏感;随着老化温度从100 ℃增加到160 ℃,这些参数均呈现先略微增大后迅速减小的趋势,说明XLPE电缆绝缘材料热老化在低温范围以结晶作用为主,而在高温范围以热裂解为主。     

富春江水电站220kV开关站混凝土构架的检测及修补技术

富春江水电站运行40多年,电站开关站混凝土构架出现混凝土剥蚀和裂缝。针对实际情况,对混凝土构架进行无损检测,检测内容包括凝土裂缝深度、混凝土强度、混凝土碳化深度、构架内部钢筋保护层厚度和构架内部钢筋锈蚀检测等,并根据检测的情况提出了补强加固方案。该技术对于水电站混凝土构架的检测和加固具有一定指导意义。     

表孔闸墩颈部钢筋混凝土非线性有限元分析

针对闸门承担大推力会使闸墩颈部产生明显的应力集中问题,采用单弹簧联结单元模拟钢筋混凝土的粘结滑移作用,同时引入混凝土四参数损伤模型模拟混凝土的非线性特性,对运行期短暂工况下某重力坝#5表孔闸墩颈部进行钢筋混凝土三维非线性有限元计算,分析了钢筋的作用效果。结果表明,钢筋可在一定程度上减轻损伤程度并限制损伤范围,使局部混凝土的受力状态得到改善;闸墩颈部的钢筋总体应力水平不高,裂缝开展宽度较小。最后调整配筋方案,计算结果说明在满足构造要求的前提下,适当减小配筋量是可行的。     

Using a pulsed electric current to reduce the susceptibility of high-strength steel to the stress corrosion cracking caused by hydrogen

Under the tensile loading, the damage of metals in the corrosive medium is the most destructive and harmful. In this study, the stress corrosion cracking behavior of H-charged high-strength steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution after electropulsing treatment was investigated. The experimental results from elongation, yield strength, fracture morphology, and polarization curves all demonstrate the positive effect of the pulsed processing, as it reduced the susceptibility of steel to stress corrosion cracking by removing hydrogen by electropulsing. The reduction in hydrogen content of the pulsed high–strength steels was attributed to electromigration and increased system free energy, which drove the hydrogen atoms in the steel to de–trap and reduced the susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking.     

Propagation behaviour of general and localised corrosion of carbon steel in simulated groundwater under aerobic conditions

Abstract

Carbon steel is one of the candidate overpack materials for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in Japan. Corrosion of carbon steel is classified into two types: general corrosion and localised corrosion. In this study, propagation of general and localised corrosion (pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion) were investigated by immersion tests of carbon steel under the aerobic conditions. The results of the immersion tests showed that the corrosion growth rate was strongly dependent on the environmental conditions and type of steel. However, the upper limit of the pitting factor, the ratio between the maximum corrosion depth and the average corrosion depth, was determined approximately using only average corrosion depth. Based on the experimental and literature data, an empirical model that predicts the maximum corrosion depth of an overpack from average corrosion depth was developed by applying the extreme value statistical analysis using the Gumbel distribution function.     

不锈钢太阳能贮热水箱的缝隙腐蚀

该文通过对不同地区使用中的不锈钢太阳能贮热水箱选取解剖，进行宏、微观检验，研究探索了常年处于含氯离子的水介质中的不锈钢热水箱最常见的腐蚀类型及规律。试验证明，在水中有高浓度氯离子的地区，304不锈钢贮热水箱最主要的腐蚀形式为缝隙腐蚀（或点腐蚀）一类电化学腐蚀，因腐蚀速度较快，对水箱的使用寿命威胁较大。选用抗点蚀能力更强的含Mo不锈钢并避免采用有缝隙的焊接接头形式将会有效地提高贮热水箱的使用寿命。     

Experimental study and numerical simulation on the SSCC in FV520B stainless steel exposed to H2S+Cl− Environment

Constant displacement loading tests using wedge opening loading specimens were carried out in aqueous hydrogen sulfide solution containing sodium chloride to investigate the susceptibility of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of FV520B precipitation hardening martensitic stainless steel. Results of the SCC tests indicated that the stress corrosion critical stress intensity factor (K_ISCC) dramatically decreased in the corrosion medium investigated and decreased with the increasing of H₂S concentration. Microstructures of fracture surfaces were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The fracture surface was typical of sulfide stress corrosion fracture. In addition, large amount of intermittent arc-crack on the side surfaces around the tip of main crack formed even no main crack propagated.A sequentially coupling finite element analysis (FEA) program was utilized to simulate the stress field and calculate the diffused hydrogen concentration distribution of specimen exposed to the corrosion medium investigated. The FEA results indicated that corrosion pit affected the stress and diffusion hydrogen distribution around the corrosion pit where large stress gradients formed. Side surface cracks initiated from those corrosion pits and propagated under the synergy of stress and hydrogen. The effect of the corrosion pit on hydrostatic stress distribution was limited in superficial zone near the side surface, thus side surface cracks propagated along the hoop direction rather than along the direction of specimen thickness. Based on the morphology observation and FEA results, it can be concluded that the SCC mechanism of FV520B steel was hydrogen embrittlement mainly and combination of anodic dissolution. Simultaneously, corrosion pitting was the precondition of side surface crack formation while the stress induced hydrogen diffusion was the dominant factor.     

On corrosion to stainless steel by calcium chloride with different extender

A calcium chloride solution with a different extender, which is made up of either pure calcium chloride, calcium chloride with expanded graphite, or calcium chloride with activated carbon, acts differently on stainless steel. The mass ratio between calcium chloride with expanded graphite or activated carbon is almost 4∶1, which is demonstrated to be the optimum ratio. The experimental research in this paper reveals that, of the three solutions, which are pure calcium chloride, calcium chloride with expanded graphite, and calcium chloride with activated carbon, the strongest oxidation creation and pitting corrosion happened in the solution of calcium chloride with expanded graphite, the weakest oxidation creation happened in the solution of calcium chloride with activated carbon, and pitting corrosion was stronger than oxidation creation in the solution of pure calcium chloride. This paper gives the reasons for these phenomena. Furthermore, based on theory analysis, multiple means and approaches are provided to prevent stainless steel from further corroding.     

Review of corrosion studies of metallic barrier in geological disposal conditions with respect to Belgian Supercontainer concept

Abstract

The Supercontainer design is the preferred option for the underground disposal of high level nuclear waste in Belgium. It consists of a carbon steel overpack surrounded by a thick concrete buffer. In this high alkaline environment and under normal conditions (without the ingress of aggressive species), the carbon steel overpack will be protected by a passive oxide film, which is believed to result in very low uniform corrosion rates. The backbone of the RD&D strategy, which aims to provide confidence that the integrity of the overpack will be maintained at least during the thermal phase, is based on demonstrating that each localised corrosion mechanism (e.g. pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking), other than uniform corrosion, cannot take place under the high pH conditions prevailing within the Supercontainer (the ‘exclusion principle’). This paper gives an overview of the status of the RD&D programme related to the anaerobic uniform corrosion of the carbon steel overpack. The outcome of the modelling efforts simulating the evolution of various parameters (temperature, pH, degree of saturation, corrosion potential and composition of aggressive species) that can potentially influence the corrosion processes, over geological timescales, is addressed.     

On corrosion to stainless steel by calcium chloride with different extender

A calcium chloride solution with a different extender, which is made up of either pure calcium chloride, calcium chloride with expanded graphite, or calcium chloride with activated carbon, acts differently on stainless steel. The mass ratio between calcium chloride with expanded graphite or activated carbon is almost 4:1, which is demonstrated to be the optimum ratio. The experimental research in this paper reveals that, of the three solutions, which are pure calcium chloride, calcium chloride with expanded graphite, and calcium chloride with activated carbon, the strongest oxidation creation and pitting corrosion happened in the solution of calcium chloride with expanded graphite, the weakest oxidation creation happened in the solution of calcium chloride with activated carbon, and pitting corrosion was stronger than oxidation creation in the solution of pure calcium chloride. This paper gives the reasons for these phenomena. Furthermore, based on theory analysis, multiple means and approaches are provided to prevent stainless steel from further corroding.