用电子探针X射线显微分析法研究肾上腺素激发的心房特殊颗粒分泌

本文研究心房特殊颗粒(ASG)中的钙释放是否能促进颗粒内容的分泌.冷冻超薄切片技术和磷钨酸-乙醇(EPTA)特殊染色技术制备大鼠心房切片.X射线显微定量分析采用Hall连续谱法,用以测量在肾上腺素处理后15、30、60和120 min时ASG中钙含量的变化.用形态计量法的数密度作为判断ASG分泌状态的指标.结果显示心房特殊颗粒在生理状态下钙浓度高达80 mmol/公斤*干重.在肾上腺素注射后ASG的数密度逐渐下降,并于注射后60 min时下降至最低;ASG中的钙含量亦逐渐减低,但于注射后30 min即达最低,由此可见ASG钙含量的下降出现早于颗粒数的下降.推想肾上腺素处理引起的钙释放可能成为一种信号,启动心房肽的分泌,因此ASG在心房心肌细胞中可能具有细胞内钙库机能.本文同时讨论了Hall连续谱法近年来在生物试样定量分析中的应用和发展.     

A new method for detecting and localizing cell markers endocytosed by fibroblasts in epoxy resin semi-thin sections using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis after ion-etching

Cell marking is widely used to examine cell development and differentiation in developmental biology. We developed a new method for localizing cell markers in a semi-thin epoxy section with scanning electron microscopy. Cultured fibroblasts ingesting carbon particles were autologously transplanted into a rabbit transparent ear chamber, 6 mm in diameter and 100 microm in depth. Eight days after the transplantation, tissues in the chamber were fixed and embedded in epoxy resin. Semi-thin sections were cut and stained with toluidine blue. Fibroblasts in connective tissues which contained black spots were observed with a light microscope. These sections were subsequently ion-etched with an ion-coater and coated with platinum. The same fibroblasts were then visualized by secondary electron imaging using a scanning electron microscope. A nucleus with nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, a nucleolus and heterochromatin, mitochondria with cristae and rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed in the fibroblasts. The black spots in the fibroblasts were identified as bright bodies with the scanning electron microscope. The bright bodies were found to be a lump of tiny particles less than 100 nm in diameter. In order to analyse such particles with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, ion-etched sections were coated with carbon. X-ray energy spectrometry clearly demonstrated that these were carbon particles, which had been endocytosed by the fibroblast. This suggests that scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis is useful for detecting carbon particles in the cytoplasm at an ultrastructural level in semi-thin epoxy sections subsequent to ion etching and that this method may be applicable to other cell markers, such as gold particles to track cells in the field of cell development and cell differentiation.     

The use of the transfinite interpolation in the method of momentsapplied to electromagnetic scattering by dielectric cylinders

The method of moments (MoM) solution of electromagnetic scattering presents two major numerical difficulties: the number of unknowns and the computation time necessary to calculate the matrix elements. To circumvent these problems, a MoM using the transfinite interpolation and a reduced integration scheme is presented here. The so-called h and p versions of the new method are applied to the scattering of an electromagnetic wave by an infinite dielectric cylinder (TM case) in the Richmond formulation. The transfinite and classical methods are compared in terms of the convergence rates of the radar cross section and of the total electric field inside the dielectric. The results confirm the superiority of the new schemes as predicted by the theory     

The modified discrete source method applied to the problem of diffraction by an irregularity located in a continuously layered medium

The modified discrete source method is extended to the problem of wave scattering by a body embedded in a continuously layered medium. An effective algorithm is developed for calculation of the Green’s function. The algorithm is based on integration in the complex plane. Coordinate dependences of the field are obtained for various types of the layered medium surrounding the scatterer.