CL–20/RDX混合体系的热分解

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HINW,CL–20)、黑索今(RDX)及CL–20/RDX混合体系的热分解行为,分别用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算了热分解动力学参数。结果表明:RDX的存在,降低了CL–20的分解峰温;2种动力学计算结果相近,均显示出RDX的存在降低了CL–20表观活化能。     

南京理工大学合成并表征了一种新的高能钝感炸药共晶

正高能炸药经常面临高能量与低感度之间的矛盾,急需找到一种新型不敏感的高能炸药。近来,南京理工大学用一种简单的方法制备了一种由能量最高的炸药六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL–20)与军用炸药1,3,5–三硝基–1,3,5–三氮杂环己烷(RDX)形成的炸药共晶。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)揭示了其形状为棒状,与形成共晶的     

PBX的制备及包覆工艺研究

以六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷为主体炸药,用水悬浮法制备了CL-20基压装高聚物黏结炸药(PBX)。通过正交实验优化了制备工艺,并对影响包覆效果的主要因素进行了研究。结果表明,影响包覆效果的因素大小次序为:温度2次加入溶剂的量加料速度搅拌速度;最佳工艺为:实验温度60℃,2次加入溶剂的量与高聚物的质量比4∶1,加料速度0.86 mL/s,搅拌速度650 r/min;包覆后样品撞击感度的特性落高H50比原料CL-20提高了30 cm。     

配位键合剂-603对亚微米CL-20撞击感度的影响

用亚微米单质炸药CL-20和亚微米CL-20/配位键合剂-603(LBA-603)混合炸药的撞击感度试验研究了LBA-603对亚微米CL-20/LBA-603体系撞击感度的影响,并对LBA-603在混合炸药中的作用机理进行了探讨.结果表明,由于LBA-603与CL-20分子的-NO2基团形成诱导效应,LBA-603在亚微米CL-20表面形成一层黏附层,对亚微米CL-20起到包覆作用,包覆层具有能量缓冲、吸热、表面修饰的作用;亚微米CL-20/LBA-603混合炸药的撞击感度随LBA-603添加量的增加而降低,与单质炸药亚微米CL-20相比,添加质量分数10%的LBA-603后,混合炸药的特性落高(H50)提高了10.96 cm.     

PBX混合炸药组分重量分析方法实验研究

混合炸药的组分分析对于炸药的爆炸性能、炸药质量以及新产品的设计有重要的意义。为测定混合炸药中各组分的含量,本文采用重量分析法对炸药样品进行组分分析。实验得出:对该混合炸药组分分析应在70℃水浴加热的条件下进行,用GW-1试剂破坏包覆层,70℃的黑索金饱和水溶液提取高氯酸铵,丙酮提取黑索金。最后分别用4mol/L和6mol/L的盐酸溶液与铝粉反应,通过减少的质量可得各组分的含量。     

RDX的TNT包覆钝感研究

为降低RDX的机械感度,维持其爆炸性能,研究了用少量TNT包覆RDX的钝感方法。以RDX为主体炸药成分,以质量分数3％～10％的TNT为含能钝感剂,再加入质量分数2％～3％的含能增塑剂和微量水溶性表面活性剂,利用TNT和含能增塑剂在水中不同温度的熔化和凝固结晶,通过水悬浮分散包覆工艺,将TNT和含能增塑剂包覆在RDX颗粒的表面,制得内层为RDX、外层为TNT的双层混合炸药。分析了包覆钝感的工艺条件及炸药包覆后的粒径和SEM的变化情况。研究表明,该RDX—TNT双层混合炸药的撞击感度可降至20％以下,摩擦感度降至28％以下,压制成药柱的密度为1．73g／m^3,爆速可达8400m／s。     

水性聚丙烯酸酯顿感包覆CL-20

以CL-20(六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷)为主体炸药、水性聚丙烯酸酯为胶粘剂,采用泥浆法制备了CL-20基PBX(聚合物粘接炸药)。通过FE-SEM(冷场发射扫描电镜)、XRD(X射线衍射)法对PBX的性能进行了表征。研究结果表明:泥浆法可使水性聚丙烯酸酯成功包覆在CL-20颗粒表面,包覆前后CL-20的晶型没有变化,包覆后CL-20的撞击感度明显降低,其热安定性更好。     

EPDM对CL-20的包覆及表征

以CL-20为主体炸药、EPDM为黏结剂,采用水悬浮法制备了CL-20基PBX炸药,用SEM、XRD和FT-IR对产物进行了表征,并测试了其撞击感度和热安定性。结果表明,该包覆工艺可使EPDM成功地包覆在CL-20表面,在包覆过程中CL-20晶型没有发生变化。与原料CL-20相比,包覆样品的撞击感度明显降低,特性落高由15.9cm提高到40.7cm,热安定性更好。     

高能单元推进剂TKX–50能量特性计算研究

在比较高能量密度化合物奥克托今(HMX)、六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL–20)和1,1′–二羟基–5,5′–联四唑二羟胺盐(TKX–50)性质的基础上,采用最小自由能法,计算不同压强下3种化合物作为单元推进剂的性能。在标准条件(pc:p a=70︰1)下计算了分别以CL–20和TKX–50替代HMX后所得推进剂配方CL–20–CMDB和TKX–50–CMDB的性能。结果表明,TKX–50具有较高的爆轰性能,在1～10 MPa下TKX–50具有较低的燃温、较高的特征速度和高于HMX的比冲,其燃烧产物平均相对分子质量较低;用于复合改性双基推进剂配方中,不仅提高了比冲,而且有效降低了火箭发动机排气羽流中的二次烟。     

含DAATO_(3.5)的CMDB推进剂能量特性

采用NASA–CEA软件,在标准条件(p_c:p_a=70:1)下计算了含N–氧化–3,3'–偶氮双(6–氨基–1,2,4,5–四嗪)(DAATO_(3.5))的复合改性双基(CMDB)推进剂的能量性能。采用推进剂爆热实验,对含DAATO_(3.5)的CMDB推进剂的能量性能进行了验证。理论计算表明:用DAATO_(3.5)替换配方中的奥克托今(HMX),推进剂的理论比冲、特征速度、燃烧温度、氧平衡、燃气平均相对分子质量均呈现规律性的降低;将DAATO_(3.5)与六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL–20)和Al粉等高能添加剂配合使用,可在利用DAATO_(3.5)高燃速特性的同时保证推进剂的能量水平,并为推进剂综合性能调节提供较大的空间;含m(DAATO_(3.5)):m(CL–20)=3:8的混合添加剂的推进剂的能量水平与含HMX的相当,但混合添加剂可有效改善配方体系的氧平衡;Al粉可显著增加配方体系的能量水平,但其质量分数不能超过20%。推进剂爆热实验结果表明,推进剂的爆热随DAATO_(3.5)含量的增加逐步降低。用DAATO_(3.5)全部取代HMX(质量分数30%)时,推进剂的爆热降低8.3%。     

TNT与主炸药HMX及CL-20之间的结合能对比

以ε-CL-20和β-HMX为主体炸药,分别与TNT混合,运用分子动力学(MD)方法研究和计算两者之间的结合能。结果表明,TNT与CL-20炸药的结合能要比TNT与HMX之间的结合能大,也就是TNT与CL-20之间的相容性较好。     

Synthesis and Sensitivity of Hexanitrohexaaza-isowurtzitane(HNIW)

Hexanitrohexaaza-isowurtzitane(AC-HNIW) was synthesized by using a precursor invented by Asahi. The purity, which was measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), was determined to be 99.2%. From the results, it is expected that the propellants or explosives composed of AC-HNIW indicated higher performance in specific impulse, ballistics and detonation velocity. The structure of AC-HNIW was identified by IR and NMR. The results indicated that AC-HNIW had the same structure as CL-20 which was produced by Thiokol corporation. The sensitivity and thermal decomposition properties of AC-HNIW were also measured in order to elucidate HNIW performance. The results were compared with CL-20. The sensitivity of AC-HNIW was determined to be the same as CL-20.     

粒度级配对CL-20基炸药油墨流变性能的影响

为了研究粒度级配对CL-20基炸药油墨流变性能的影响,制备了粒径分别为400nm和4μm的CL-20样品,以及7种不同粒度级配的CL-20基炸药油墨;采用博勒飞(CPS)流变仪对炸药油墨进行了黏度测试,得到了相应的流变数据,并计算出非牛顿指数、屈服值和触变指数。结果表明,炸药颗粒的粒度级配对炸药油墨的流变性能有着十分明显的影响;随着粒径为4μm的CL-20含量的增多,炸药油墨表观黏度出现先减小后增大的现象;同时,非牛顿指数出现先增大后减小的现象,屈服值和触变指数总体上呈现先减小后增大的现象;当炸药油墨中粒径分别为400nm和4μm的CL-20质量比为1∶2时,炸药油墨的非牛顿指数为最大值0.41,屈服值和触变指数均达到最小值,分别为26.73和8.74,表明在该粒度级配条件下,炸药油墨具有更好的流变性能。     

高聚物黏结ε-HNIW混合炸药的制备及其感度

为改善原料HNIW(CL-20)的结晶品质并降低其机械感度,采用水悬浮工艺对重结晶制备的ε-CL-20进行了包覆.结果表明,原料CL-20呈多晶型,粒径不均,机械感度与PETN相当;在室温条件下,用乙酸乙酯-石油醚对原料CL-20进行重结晶可制备出晶形规整、粒径均匀的高品质ε-CL-20晶粒,撞击感度较原料略有降低;采...     

LLM-105/CL-20基高能钝感PBX的制备与性能表征

为满足含能材料高能钝感的要求,以CL-20为主体炸药,LLM-105为钝感剂,采用溶液水悬浮法制备了LLM-105质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%的3种LLM-105/CL-20基PBX。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、粉末X射线衍射仪(PXRD)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对样品的形貌、晶体结构和热性能进行表征,并测试其机械感度;采用EXPLO5软件计算了其爆轰参数。结果表明,LLM-105/CL-20基PBX样品呈类球形,颗粒密实,粒径约为500μm;PBX中各组分的晶体结构未发生改变;3种配方的热安定性都较好,且随着钝感剂LLM-105含量的增加,LLM-105/CL-20基PBX的热爆炸临界温度呈递增趋势;与原料CL-20相比,3种LLM-105/CL-20基PBX的特性落高分别提高了25.88、33.68、37.18 cm,摩擦爆炸概率分别下降29%、38%、45%;LLM-105质量分数为10%的LLM-105/CL-20基PBX的特性落高与PBX-9501相当,而LLM-105质量分数为20%和30%的LLM-105/CL-20基PBX分别比PBX-9501高16.6%和25.12%;理论爆速分别高381.76、279.2、82.03 m/s。3种配方LLM-105/CL-20基PBX炸药的爆轰性能明显优于PBX-9501。     

Structure optimization of linear shaped charge based on different explosives

In order to improve the damage ability of traditional shaped charge, a special linear shaped charge is designed. The driving characteristics of B explosive, HMX based explosive (JO-8) and CL-20 based explosive on linear explosively formed projectile (LEFP) are compared. The forming effect of LEFP is analyzed, the structural parameters of LEFP are designed, and the structure of shaped charge is optimized by combining genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and sequence quadratic programming (NLPQL). The Pulsed X-ray experiment of scale LEFP is carried out. The results show that: (1) under the same structure, the LEFP formed by the shaped charge using CL-20 explosive has better performance; (2) the LEFP formed by optimized B explosive is superior to that formed by unoptimized JO-8 explosive, while LEFP formed by optimized JO-8 explosive is superior to that formed by CL-20 explosive, which indicates that explosives with lower energy density can also produce better LEFP after optimization; (3) The experimental results are consistent with the numerical results, which verifies the reliability of the numerical simulation and the effectiveness of the optimization method.     

Experimental study and numerical simulation of the corner turning of TATB based and CL-20 based polymer bonded explosives

In order to study the corner turning performance of detonation waves for TATB (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene) based and CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12- hexaazaisowurtzitane) based polymer bonded explosives (PBXs with PBX-I, PBX-II, and PBX-III modifications), mushroom tests are used to obtain the first breakout angles, failure angles, and delay times with initiating diameters of 10 and 15 mm. The results show that these parameters of PBX-I increase with an increase in the initiating diameter. The first breakout angles and failure angles of PBX-II and PBX-III are 90? for the initiating diameter of 10 mm, while these angles for PBX-I are 22.7 and 31.9? for the same initiating diameter, which implies that CL-20 based explosives have excellent corner turning performance, even with 13.5 wt.% aluminum powders added to PBX-III. Then, two-dimensional numerical simulations of PBX-I are performed by using the Lee–Tarver ignition and growth model. The computed results agree well with the measured results for all cases studied.