人工智能在选线领域的研究现状分析

由于计算机辅助设计在铁路公路选线设计这种多方案多目标决策工作中存在局限性,有必要在选线领域研究人工智能的应用。通过大量的文献检索,对遗传算法、知识工程和神经网络在选线领域的应用研究现状作了综述,在此基础上提出了综合利用地理信息系统、多Agent技术、工程数据库技术的知识工程路线,并阐述了该研究思路体系结构。     

应用机器学习于Chi平方密写分析的研究

回顾当前的密写和密写分析技术,并将机器学习方法应用到经典的Х^2密写分析上。给出了方法的框架并进行了实验,然后对实验结果进行分析和比较,得出了应用机器学习方法的Х^2密写分析优于简单Х^2密写分析的结论,从而肯定了机器学习方法的有效性。最后指出了在密写分析技术中进一步应用机器学习方法的方向。     

Repeatability of Real World Training Experiments: A Case Study

We present a case study of reinforcement learning on a real robot that learns how to back up a trailer and discuss the lessons learned about the importance of proper experimental procedure and design. We identify areas of particular concern to the experimental robotics community at large. In particular, we address concerns pertinent to robotics simulation research, implementing learning algorithms on real robotic hardware, and the difficulties involved with transferring research between the two.     

Development of a Robotic Arm for Handicapped People: A Task-Oriented Design Approach

In this paper, a task-oriented design (TOD) procedure is proposed by which a robotic arm can be designed to achieve predefined tasks. To define the target tasks, we have spent about six months, observing every-day life of disabled people, and have determined 12 important tasks. By using TOD procedure in a coherent and consistent manner, we have developed a working prototype of a care-providing robotic arm for physically disabled people. Through experiments, we confirmed that the developed robotic arm is indeed able to carry out the predefined tasks.     

用适宜的设计影响城镇居民的生活方式

很长时间以来城镇居民的生活是遵照一个简单而稳定的"文化——生活体系"进行的。随着我国的经济在近十几年来一直处于持续的上升状态,这个系统受到了很大冲击,人们的生活方式发生了很大程度的改变。可是,人们并没有因为经济的发展而得到很好满足。为了使城镇居民得以在经济发展的大潮中找到属于自己的新的生活方式,设计可以通过直接和间接两种途径协助建立一种可以平衡发展与传统关系的新"文化——生活体系"。     

实例研究-模糊芯片F200的设计、验证和测试

本文介绍模糊推理协处理器VLSI芯片F200的设计,给出了详细的芯片设计流程,并重点讨论了有关芯片的可测试性设计、设计验证和测试等问题。     

用案例教学法指导数据结构与算法教学

针对传统数据结构与算法教学中存在的问题,在分析案例教学法在程序设计类课程教学中的地位与作用的基础上,本文提出"精选典型案例—设计生动课件—激活课堂教学"的观点,结合我院学生与课程团队教师的实际,在数据结构与算法课程教学设计与改革方面进行教学实践,取得了显著的效果。     

Building an Information System for Collaborative Researchers: A Case Study from the Brain-tumor Research Domain

A Neuro-Oncology Information System (NOIS) has been designed and implemented to support collaborative brain-tumor research, and is being used currently by researchers around the nation. The NOIS serves two groups of brain-tumor researchers, each with complex organizational structures. The complexity of these structures adds greatly to the task of designing an information system to support brain-tumor research. In particular, a lack of a central source of authority among collaborating group members, and the constantly shifting understanding of research objectives and the means to achieve them, have significant impact on the NOIS design and implementation. In this paper, we suggest guidelines for designing, implementing and maintaining an information system in the face of continually shifting goals and priorities in the user community. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅析导向系统设计中图形符号——以北京奥运会为例

成功的视觉导向系统设计中提供一种可瞬间识别的图形语言,该语言既能表达准确的含义,又能跨越国界,跨越地区,无需读懂文字的图形语言。这种图形语言方便人们在快节奏的城市生活中找寻道路和目标。它提供有序化的信息,使人们能够掌握城市环境构造,提高人们对城市环境的辨识性;它有创造性的构思,构筑地域性的导向标志,提高环境的整体质量;它引起人们关注,并提高人们理解信息和采取行动的能力。     

考虑工程图形协同应用特点的并发控制研究

并发控制是CSCW系统的关键技术，没有统一标准，通常要根据协同应用的特点来构造。文中以CAD系统内部数据库拓扑结构的一致性作为显示一致性的基础，适时放宽整体一致性模型中的事件定义条件和一致性判定条件，提出一种改进的整体一致性模型。按照该模型的事件关系定义，通过图形对象全局ID标识的一致性维护和添加操作的相关性分析，提出一种添加操作优先的并发控制策略。基于上述模型和策略，研究了一种偏复制式混合体系结构下的悲观和有限乐观的并发控制方法，以及相应的并发控制协议实施技术。工程实践证明，这些并发控制模型、策略、方法和技术充分考虑了工程图形数据结构及其协同应用特点，从而有效地支持设计过程中的人人交互。     

A Design Process for a Customer Journey Map: A Case Study on Mobile Services

A customer journey map (CJM) is a widely used tool to represent user experience with a service. Although numerous companies have used this tool to improve existing services or to develop new services, the maps are neither consistent nor mutually compatible because no clear design process for a CJM has been presented. This study aimed to develop a design process and rule sets for a CJM based on a human factors approach. The 10‐step process and the rule sets were built on case studies of 25 categories of mobile services. Large‐scale case studies were conducted with mobile service providers and combined with the result of a user diary method that collected users’ daily activities and the difficulties that the user perceived when performing a task. We suggested various methods for using the CJM to generate new service opportunities. The proposed design process and the way for opportunity discovery can help service designers to develop unified CJMs and to identify innovative service ideas.     

Mining Design Pattern Use Scenarios and Related Design Pattern Pairs: A Case Study on Online Posts

In common design pattern collections, e.g., design pattern books, design patterns are documented with templates that consist of multiple attributes, such as intent, structure, and sample code. To adapt to modern developers, the depictions of design patterns, especially some specific attributes, should advance with the current programming technologies, for example, “known uses”, which exemplifies the use scenarios of design patterns in practice, and “related patterns”, which describes the relatedness between a design pattern and the others within a context. However, it is not easy to update the contents of these attributes manually due to the diversity of the programming technologies. To address this problem, in this work, we conducted a case study to mine design pattern use scenarios and related design pattern pairs from Stack Overflow posts to enrich the two attributes. We first extracted the question posts relevant to each design pattern by identifying the design pattern tags. Then, the topics of the posts were discovered by applying topic modeling techniques. Finally, by analyzing the topics specified for each design pattern, we detected 195 design pattern use scenarios and 70 related design pattern pairs, involving 61 design patterns totally. These findings are associated with a variety of popular software frameworks and programming techniques. They could complement the existing design pattern collections and help developers better acknowledge the usage and relatedness of design patterns in today’s programming practice.

     

Collaboration Through the Exploitation of Local Interactions in Autonomous Collective Robotics: The Stick Pulling Experiment

This article presents an experiment which investigates how collaboration in a group of simple reactive robots can be obtained through the exploitation of local interactions. A test-bed experiment is proposed in which the task of the robots is to pull sticks out of the ground—an action which requires the collaboration of two robots to be successful. The experiment is implemented in a physical setup composed of groups of 2 to 6 Khepera robots, and in Webots, a 3D simulator of Khepera robots.The results using these two implementations are compared with the predictions of a probabilistic modeling methodology (A. Martinoli, A. Ijspeert, and F. Mondada, 1999, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 29:51–63, 1999; A. Martinoli, A. Ijspeert, and L. Gambardella, 1999, in Proceedings of Fifth European Conference on Artificial Life, ECAL99, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Verlag: Berlin, pp. 575–584) which is here extended for the characterization and the prediction of a collaborative manipulation experiment. Instead of computing trajectories and sensory information, the probabilistic model represents the collaboration dynamics as a set of stochastic events based on simple geometrical considerations. It is shown that the probabilistic model qualitatively and quantitatively predicts the collaboration dynamics. It is significantly faster than a traditional sensor-based simulator such as Webots, and its minimal set of parameters allows the experimenter to better identify the effect of characteristics of individual robots on the team performance.Using these three implementations (the real robots, Webots and the probabilistic model), we make a quantitative investigation of the influence of the number of workers (i.e., robots) and of the primary parameter of the robots' controller—the gripping time parameter—on the collaboration rate, i.e., the number of sticks successfully taken out of the ground over time. It is found that the experiment presents two significantly different dynamics depending on the ratio between the amount of work (the number of sticks) and the number of robots, and that there is a super-linear increase of the collaboration rate with the number of robots. Furthermore, we investigate the usefulness of heterogeneity in the controllers' parameters and of a simple signalling scheme among the robots. Results show that, compared to homogeneous groups of robots without communication, heterogeneity and signalling can significantly increase the collaboration rate when there are fewer robots than sticks, while presenting a less noticeable or even negative effect otherwise.     

User-Centered Design and Reference Services in International Librarianship: A Case Study of Nazarbayev University Library

Major changes over the past decade have moved Kazakhstan and its university students out of the old Soviet model of education and into the realm of international scholarship. While students from this region are being prepared in new and innovative ways, their research needs are still unique and require a firm understanding on the part of academic librarians. With an eye to better serving students at Nazarbayev University, librarians undertook a usability of the library's web resources in February 2013. This article presents findings from the study, which address the distinct needs of university students from post-Soviet nations.     

浅谈企业设计战略

随着经济全球化的迅速扩张,市场竞争越来越激烈,这使得企业在面临机遇的同时也面临更大的压力。为使企业在竞争中立于不败之地,企业的经营者越来越重视企业的战略问题,而设计战略作为企业战略的重要组成部分,也成为设计管理者关注的焦点。本文旨在通过影响设计战略制定的内外因素的分析,来指导企业设计战略的制定。     

项目教学法在《网页制作》课程教学中的运用

从分析传统教学方法在《网页制作》课程中的不足开始入手,提出项目教学法更适合于实现本门课程教学目标的观点,并详细介绍了基于项目教学法课程的主体与局部设计以及具体教学过程的实施步骤,最后得出了很直观的结论,并对教学过程进行了深入反思。     

Applying Decisional DNA to Internet of Things: The Concept and Initial Case Study

In this article, we present a novel approach utilizing Decisional DNA to help the Internet of Things capture decisional events and reuse them for decision making in future operations. The Decisional DNA is a domain-independent, standard and flexible knowledge representation structure that allows its domains to acquire, store, and share experiential knowledge and formal decision events in an explicit way. We apply this approach to our current work—SmartBike, a sensor-equipped bicycle built under the concept of Internet of Things. By using Decisional DNA and machine learning algorithms, the SmartBike is able to distinguish its user's patterns based on past riding data. The presented conceptual approach demonstrates how Decisional DNA can be applied to the Internet of Things and bring to them intelligence required by forthcoming semantic networks.     

基于组件式GIS的土地变更管理信息系统的设计与实现——以龙海市土地管理信息系统为例

采用组件式GIS进行二次开发是新一代的土地利用管理信息系统普遍采用开发模式。该文以福建省龙海市土地管理信息系统(LandGIS)为例,论述以土地变更管理为核心业务的组件式GIS业务系统的设计和应用,重点介绍系统功能和系统体系结构、系统的数据组织和结构,以及在统一建模语言(UML)支持下的重要功能模块的软件过程模型和内容。最后给出系统的实现结果和用户界面。