纳米TiO2、ZnO在化妆品防晒领域中的应用

太阳光过度暴晒对皮肤健康有害,因为太阳光中含有的紫外线经长期曝晒在人体皮肤表面后严重的会造成皮肤晒伤甚至皮肤癌,因此防晒霜的使用被人们所关注。无机防晒剂的出现,解决了有机防晒剂屏蔽紫外线作用时间短,会被人体吸收产生毒害性的问题。区别于传统材料,纳米二氧化钛,纳米氧化锌因为其具有优异的屏蔽紫外线性能的优点,广泛应用于防晒剂配方中,但存在其防晒机理并不被人们所知的问题。综述了纳米二氧化钛,纳米氧化锌作为化妆品防晒霜的配方材料屏蔽紫外线的性能研究现况,通过研究纳米二氧化钛,纳米氧化锌屏蔽紫外线的原理,分析了其应用在防晒霜中的使用安全性,并比较两者的性能差异,提出改善纳米氧化锌形貌尺寸,以及解决纳米二氧化钛光活性问题来提高防晒性能,并且对两者复合起来的防晒配方的性能做出期望,以期推动纳米材料在化妆品防晒领域的应用,为纳米材料在化妆品防晒领域的研究提供参考。     

纳米技术与纳米材料(Ⅴ)--防晒化妆品中的纳米二氧化钛

介绍了纳米二氧化钛屏蔽紫外线的原理；阐述了防晒化妆品中纳米二氧化钛应具备的特点和功能；详细讨论了国内外防晒领域的纳米二氧化钛的产品种类、发展趋势和研究方向。另外，就国内纳米二氧化钛规模化生产状况和应用现状论述了作者的观点。     

纳米材料提高防晒用品SPF值及其配方的研究

依据太阳光中UVB和UVA射线的辐射特征,研究了防晒剂的用量、纳米ZnO和TiO2作为紫外线散射线、有机防晒剂和无机防晒剂的复配使用等因素对防晒体系SPF值的影响,特别是纳米ZnO和TiO2的使用对UVA有明显的屏蔽效果,为提高防晒化妆品的宽频防晒性能提供了依据.并设计了既防UVB射线又防UVA射线的防晒化妆品配方及其工艺.     

苹果多酚防晒霜的研制

提取了苹果中的多酚成份,并对其防晒性能进行了研究,并和纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌、新型防晒剂NT-200A、新型防晒剂NT-200B等紫外线屏蔽剂进行复合使用,研究其复合防晒性能。结果显示,多酚具有一定的防晒功能,加入其它防晒剂复配后制成防晒霜,得到较为理想的防晒产品。     

化妆品用肤色二氧化钛的制备研究

研究了用锌盐进行表面改性制备化妆品肤色二氧化钛，得到的产品肤色二氧化钛着色均匀，具有一定紫外线屏蔽能力，粒度为0．33μm，紫外透过率为3．5％，可用于防晒化妆品和彩妆系列化妆品中。     

化妆品用纳米二氧化钛的研究进展

化妆品用纳米TiO2具有无毒、屏蔽紫外线和透明性等许多优异性能，已在国外高档化妆品中广泛使用。介绍了化妆品用纳米二氧化钛的气相和液相制备方法，综述了硅包覆、铝包覆、混合包覆等表面处理手段，并说明了其在国外化妆品中的应用状况。     

防晒剂的发展综述

综述了目前几类应用较多的防晒剂：二苯甲酮、二苯甲酰甲烷、苯并三唑、肉桂酸酯类紫外线吸收剂和二氧化钛、氧化锌类紫外线屏蔽剂以及天然紫外线吸收剂的近几年研究现状;概括了防晒剂的防晒机理;介绍了紫外线吸收剂的高分子化方法,紫外线吸收剂在织物处理洗涤剂中的应用以及日本最近研制出的新产品,并对防晒剂的发展趋势作了分析。     

无机防晒剂

对无机防晒剂的防晒机理进行了简要介绍,综述了防晒化妆品中纳米无机防晒剂微粒粒径与紫外屏蔽效果之间的关系以及倍受关注的纳米无机防晒剂的安全性问题,主要集中在纳米TiO2和ZnO微粒经皮肤的渗透性和可能存在的光毒性。     

浅谈防晒化妆品防晒功效的评价方法

讨论了目前评价防晒化妆品防晒功效的人体法及体外仪器法的优缺点。对于典型中国人和大多数亚裔人种的皮肤类型而言，现行的由欧美人制定和使用的人体SPF值测定法显然不适用。由日本提出和使用的评价防晒化妆品对UVA波段紫外线防护效果的PFA法对于欧美人种皮肤的评价必然有其局限性。不应当将防晒化妆品的紫外线防护功效与其光致刺激性混为一谈而加以评价。从长远来看，体外仪器法而非人体法评价防晒化妆品的防晒功效是一个必然趋势且更为实用。提出了一种评价防晒化妆品紫外线防护功效的体外仪器法。     

ZnO@SiO2防晒剂的应用与测试

分别将未包覆的纳米ZnO和ZnO@SiO₂纳米颗粒添加到同样的防晒配方中,并与商用防晒霜对比来探究ZnO@SiO₂纳米颗粒作为防晒剂实际应用的可行性。结果表明,SiO₂壳层提高了防晒霜在可见光区的透明度,使防晒产品使用时更贴近肤色。与商用防晒剂相比,ZnO@SiO₂防晒霜在UVA波段吸收度更强,有更好的屏蔽紫外线性能。同时ZnO@SiO₂防晒霜具有良好的粘度稳定性。通过改变ZnO@SiO₂的加入量可以得到不同防晒因子(SPF)值的防晒霜来满足日常生活的防晒需求。这项工作证明了ZnO@SiO₂纳米颗粒作为防晒剂在化妆品和防晒产品中的可行性和应用潜力。     

超细氧化锌的制备及紫外屏蔽性能研究

以硝酸锌为主要原料,采用沉淀反应结合水热处理的方法制备超细氧化锌,并将其制备成紫外屏蔽膜,采用紫外分光光度仪测试屏蔽膜的紫外屏蔽性能。结果表明：添加微量氧化锌粉体的紫外屏蔽膜具有很好的可见光透光性和紫外屏蔽特性。氧化锌紫外屏蔽膜制备最佳工艺为：硝酸锌浓度为0.5　mol/L,固体氢氧化钠、硝酸锌晶体和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）物质的量比为15∶7∶1,水热温度为120　℃,水热时间为0.5　h,沉淀反应温度为70　℃,沉淀反应时间为0.5　h。     

纳米氧化锌水溶胶的紫外-可见光特性

利用固 -固相反应制得纳米氧化锌 ,经分散处理后对w(纳米氧化锌 ) =0 0 12 5 %～ 0 2 %的水溶胶在波长为 2 0 0～ 80 0nm的光区进行了透光率和吸光度分析。结果表明 :纳米氧化锌在 4 2 5～ 80 0nm光区有普通氧化锌所不具备的高度透明性 ,平均透过率最大的为 96 9% ,最小的为 5 5 3% ;在 2 0 0～ 4 2 4nm光区有很强的紫外光宽带吸收 ,w(纳米氧化锌 ) =0 0 1%时吸光度最大 ,超过 2 5 ,是同质量普通氧化锌的 13倍。考虑到纳米氧化锌对可见光的透明性和紫外光的遮蔽性 ,其质量分数在 0 0 5 %～ 0 1%较合适。     

高纯氧化锌制备工艺的研究

采用改进的全湿法工艺对柳州锌品集团公司生产的氧化锌原料进行了提纯处理，通过实验，确立了酸浸、除杂过程的最佳工艺条件，制备得氧化锌含量为99．92％的活性高纯氧化锌。     

雷达波屏蔽隐身与光学透明兼容技术研究进展

雷达波测防与抗电磁干扰在军事和社会生活中需求迫切,基于透明应用的屏蔽隐身与光学透明兼容技术成为该需求牵引的重点研究方向之一。本文概述了近年来透明电磁波屏蔽隐身技术的研究现状,介绍了铟锡氧化物(ITO)及其复合材料、金属网栅、超材料、水基材料等新型透明吸波材料的结构,分析了材料的优势特点及不足,并对这几种材料在透明屏蔽隐身领域的未来发展进行了讨论和展望。     

In situ synthesis of zinc oxide/selenium composite for UV blocker application

Development of reliable ultraviolet (UV) blockers is crucial for UV radiation protection applications such as sunscreen and UV-resistant fabric. To date, zinc oxide (ZnO) has been extensively used as a physical UV blocker worldwide but has also been criticized for with its unfavored UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation phenomena. As an attempt to suppress the photocatalytic activity of ZnO without compromising its UV absorbance property, amorphous selenium (Se) nanoparticles (NPs) were incorporated to ZnO using a facile and cost-effective coprecipitation method. Additionally, this process also enables an economical synthesis route for harvesting amorphous Se NPs from an aqueous medium. The ZnO–Se composites were thoroughly characterized to confirm its enhanced UV absorptivity combined with high transparency in the visible light range and to understand the interaction between ZnO and Se. Besides, Se-induced photocatalytic activity suppression of ZnO was demonstrated using methylene orange as an indicator. In vitro study revealed that ZnO–Se composite had improved biocompatibility over ZnO but comparable bacteriostasis ability under full-spectrum light irradiation. These results suggest that ZnO–Se composite is a promising UV blocker with advantages of facile synthesis, UV-induced ROS generation diminishment and biocompatibility.     

Preparation and characterization of transparent ZnO/epoxy nanocomposites with high-UV shielding efficiency

Transparent ZnO/epoxy nanocomposites with high-UV shielding efficiency were reported in this paper. First, zinc oxide (ZnO) precursor was synthesized via the homogeneous precipitation method and ZnO nanoparticles were then made by calcination of the precursor at different temperature. The structural properties of the as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles were studied in detail using thermogravimetry (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Transparent ZnO/epoxy nanocomposites were subsequently prepared from transparent epoxy (EP-400) and as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles via in situ polymerization. Optical properties of ZnO/epoxy nanocomposites, namely visible light transparency and UV light shielding efficiency, were studied using an ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer. The optical properties of the as-obtained nanocomposites were shown to depend on ZnO particle size and content. The nanocomposite containing a very low content (0.07% in weight) of ZnO nanoparticles with an average particle size of 26.7 nm after calcination at 350 °C possessed the most optimal optical properties, namely high-visible light transparency and high-UV light shielding efficiency, that are desirable for many important applications.     

Preparation and characterization of PS‐PMMA/ZnO nanocomposite films with novel properties of high transparency and UV‐shielding capacity

High transparent and UV‐shielding poly (styrene)‐co‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS‐PMMA)/zinc oxide (ZnO) optical nanocomposite films were prepared by solution mixing using methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) as a cosolvent. The films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectra, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). Cross‐section HR‐TEM and AFM images showed that the ZnO nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix at the nanoscale level. The XRD and FTIR studies indicate that there is no chemical bond or interaction between PS‐PMMA and ZnO nanoparticles in the nanocomposite films. The UV–vis spectra in the wavelength range of 200–800 nm showed that nanocomposite films with ZnO particle contents from 1 to 20 wt % had strong absorption in UV spectrum region and the same transparency as pure PMMA‐PS film in the visible region. The optical properties of polymer are greatly improved by the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

防晒化妆品用紫外线吸收剂BP-3的研究进展

综述了防晒化妆品用紫外线吸收剂BP-3的研究进展,介绍了使用防晒化妆品的必要性。概括了BP-3的命名、理化性质、在化妆品中的最大使用量和它的毒理学性质。简述了BP-3的合成方法及进展,并且对BP-3的国内外市场情况及发展趋势作了分析。     

玻璃用纳米隔热涂料的研究进展

纳米氧化锡锑(ATO)等粒子是一种n型半导体材料,由其制成的膜具有很高的红外屏蔽效果和良好的可见光区透过率.将纳米ATO应用于涂料中能够制备出透明玻璃隔热涂料,具有极高的应用价值.本文对纳米隔热涂料的隔热机理进行了介绍,并对透明隔热涂料的研究状况、纳米隔热复合涂料的制备方法进行了综述.     

Preparation and characterization of ultraviolet‐curable nanocomposite coatings initiated by benzophenone/n‐methyl diethanolamine

A series of ultraviolet‐curable nanocomposite coatings were prepared with condensed nanosilica particles and with benzophenone/n‐methyl diethanolamine as the initiator. The nanosilica that incorporated into the nanocomposites did not aggregate even when the nanosilica concentration was as high as 22.5%. Adding nanosilica increased the curing speed, thermal stability, and ultraviolet shielding properties of the nanocomposites without reducing the transparency of the ultraviolet‐curing coatings. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 912–918, 2005