Microstructure and Elevated Temperature Tensile Behavior of Directionally Solidified Ni-rich NiAl-Mo(Hf) Alloy

The microstructure, high strain rate superplasticity and tensile creep behavior of directionally solidified (DS) NiAl-Mo(Hf) alloy have been investigated. The alloy exhibits dendritic structure, where dendritic arm is NiAl phase, interdendritic region is Ni3Al phase, and Mo-rich phase distributes in the NiAl and Ni3Al phases. The alloy exhibits high strain rate superplastic deformation behavior, and the maximum elongation is 104.2% at 1373 K and strain rate of 1.04×10-2 s-1. The balance between strain hardening (by dislocation glide) and strain softening (by dynamic recovery and recrystallization) is responsible for the superplastic deformation. All the creep curves of the DS NiAl-Mo(Hf) alloy have similar shape of a short primary creep and dominant steady creep stages, and the creep strain is great. The possible creep deformation mechanism was also discussed. The creep fracture data follow the Monkman-Grant relationship.     

复相Al3Ti基合金的高温强化

报导了对Ａｌ３Ｔｉ结合合金进行复相强化的研究,利用适量的Ｎｂ合金化,在Ｌｌ２Ａｌ３Ｔｉ基体中形成分散的第二相,其室温和高温强度显著提高,韧性也有改善。改变制备工艺,使合金发生重有序和析出过程,形成具有高度弥散微粒的复相细晶组织,合金的室温和高温强度进一步提高。并探讨了其强韧化作用机理。     

Fe-C-Cr合金定向凝固组织

对经定向凝固的共晶 Fe—2.94％C—29.1％Cr 合金及过共晶 Fe—3.12％C—35.9％Cr、Fe—2.80％C—33.1％Cr 合金的凝固组织作了研究。上述三种合金中的初晶及共晶碳化物均为(Fe,Cr)_7C_3它们都以小面状析出,其中初晶在与凝固方向垂直的截面上为六角形块。初晶碳化物在定向凝固时以六角形状进行包抄式的凝固,然后再从六角形壳向内凝固,最终生成完整六角形。随着凝固速度变小,初晶(Fe,Cr)_7C_3的截面尺寸及间距增大,且从实心的六角形棒变成空心的六角形棒。过共晶合金的液固两相区长度约为1.5mm。共晶合金凝固时,碳化物的形貌为不规则多边形棒,且在凝固速度大时,组织细小。上述三种合金,当凝固速度 R>2m/sec 时,液固界面将变得凹凸不平。     

Creep Behavior of High‐Nb TiAl Alloy at 800–900 °C by Directional Solidification

Cold crucible directional solidification Ti44Al6Nb1.0Cr alloy is crept at 800–900 °C. Experimental results show that creep lifetime significantly decreases with the increasing creep temperature. When creeping at 900 °C under 130 MPa, the T_Q twinning is activated in lamellar structures. The T_Q twinning shows a strong dependency on temperature during creep under low creep‐stress and it can overcome α₂ lamellae and transfer into adjacent γ lamellae. The hardening by mechanical twinning and the softening by α₂ lamellar dissolution take place at different zones in lamellar structures and the strain incompatibility between hardening zone and softening zone promotes the microcracks to form in lamellar structures. The deformation characteristic of hard and soft lamellae is studied. Moreover, recrystallization γ phase formed in lamellar structures near colony boundary during creep at 900 °C accelerates the creep failure.

     

FeAl金属间化合物的高温变形行为

对Ｆｅ－３６．５ａｔ％Ａｌ金属间化合物进行了高温拉伸试验研究。结果表明，变形温度在６００－１０００℃范围内，这种ＦｅＡｌ合金的延伸率随温度的升高不断增加，在１０００℃时延伸率最高，达１１５％。经透射电镜分析，该合金高温变形后不仅有大量的滑移位错线，而且有一定数量的位错绻线存在。     

定向凝固Ni_3Al基合金IC6的高温蠕变行为EI

测定了定向凝固Ｎｉ３Ａｌ基合金ＩＣ６在９５０～１１００℃范围内的蠕变曲线、应力指数和蠕变激活能，运用ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ技术分析了蠕变过程中合金微观结构的变化，探讨了γ筏排组织的形成机理及其对位错运动的阻碍作用。     

NiAl基多相金属间化合物在LiCl-Li2O熔盐中的腐蚀行为

利用浸没法腐蚀实验研究了NiAl-28Cr-5．8Mo-0．2Hf和Ni-25A1-15Cr合金在750℃下，LiCl-10wt％Li2O熔盐中的腐蚀行为。实验结果表明：NiAl-28Cr-5．8Mo-0．2Hf和Ni-25A1-15Cr两种合金在750℃，LiCl-10wt％Li2O熔盐中的腐蚀产物都为LiCrO2、LiAlO2，NiAl-28Cr-5．8Mo-0．2Hf合金的耐蚀性能优于Ni-25Al-15Cr合金，主要是由于NiAl-28Cr-5、8Mo-0．2Hf合金两相里的NiAl(β）相的腐蚀滞后于Cr(Mo)相的腐蚀。在此种熔盐腐蚀环境下，两种合金形成的腐蚀层都是非保持性的，因此腐蚀动力学曲线呈直线。     

NiAl（Fe）合金组织和拉伸性能的研究

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）、透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）、电子探针（ＥＰＭＡ）、Ｘ射线（ＸＲＤ）和选区电子衍射分析（ＳＡＥＤ）研究了ＮｉＡｌ（Ｆｅ）合金的显微组织及拉伸性能。结果表明，铸态ＮｉＡｌ（Ｆｅ）合金经均匀化退火后的组织由β及β＋γ＇相组成。韧性相γ＇相能阻止裂纹扩展，有利于改善合金的室温塑性。比较发现，Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ３０合金具有最佳的室温塑性，其拉伸断口由β相的解理断口和β＋γ＇相的     

定向凝固NiAl合金的拉伸行为研究

研究了定向凝固NiAl-Mo(Hf)和NiAl-Fe(Nb)合金的拉伸行为和显微组织变化.结果表明,两种合金在一定的拉伸条件下均具有反常的屈服行为和中温脆性.反常屈服和中温脆性行为与合金中含有的Ni3Al相有关.两种合金在高温时还表现出高应变速率的超塑性变形行为.超塑性变形的主要机理是位错滑移和攀移产生的应变硬化与动态回复和动态再结晶的应变软化作用相平衡.超塑性变形试样的断口呈韧性特征,在断裂区有孔洞产生.     

High Temperature Creep and Fracture Behavior of a Directionally Solidified Ni-base Superalloy

The tensile creep-fracture properties of DZ17G. a directionally solidified superalloy, were inves-tigated at 830~ 900℃. The results show that all of the creep curves exhibit negligible primary creep, relatively little steady-state creep and dominant tertiary creep stage. The higher apparent activation energy for creep (540 kJ/mol ) suggests that the creep is controlled by Orowan bowing process. A large ratio of the fracture time to the onset time of tertiary creep is the consequence of microstructure change, i.e., γ particles oriented coarsening parallel to the applied stress axis.The creep fracture data follow the Monkman-Grant relationship. The transgranuIar fracture mechanism proposed on the basis of the metallographic examinations is the linkage of the creep cracks which initiate at the discontinuities with the microstructure (such as the cast porosity,and the carbide/matrix intedece) and also at the specimen surface, that propagate along the γ/γ intedece with perpendicular to the applied stress axis, and the process of crack propagation can be described by the Tien model.     

Nb47Ti合金热变形行为及微观组织

目的 研究Nb47Ti合金在变形温度为600～750℃、应变速率为0.001～1s?1条件下的热变形行为和微观组织。方法 采用Gleeble-3500型热/力模拟试验机进行等温恒应变速率压缩实验,获得Nb47Ti合金热变形的真应力应变曲线,并利用EBSD技术手段分析热变形后的微观组织。结果 Nb47Ti合金在变形温度小于650℃、应变速率小于0.1s?1下热变形的真应力-应变曲线为动态再结晶型曲线,变形温度大于等于700℃时呈现为动态回复型曲线;峰值应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的减小而减小;在变形温度为650℃、应变速率为0.001 s?1下热变形组织以再结晶晶粒和亚晶粒为主,随着应变速率的增大,动态再结晶晶粒不断减少,而亚晶粒和变形晶粒增多,晶粒得到显著细化。当应变速率为0.1 s?1时,随着变形温度的增加,晶粒尺寸增大,变形温度升高至750℃,热变形组织中亚晶粒所占比例高达50.5%。结论 Nb47Ti合金是温度和正应变速率敏感材料,随变形温度的升高和应变速率的增大,变形过程中动态回复软化机制更为显著,低温、高应变速率下变形获得的再结晶晶粒尺寸小。     

High Temperature Creep and Superplasticity in a Mg-Zn-Zr Alloy

Creep and superplasticity were investigated by testing a fine-grained extruded Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy under a wide range of applied stress in the temperature range between 100 and 300 ℃. Grain boundary sliding became the dominating mechanism at 200 ℃, leading to a true superplastic behaviour at 300 ℃, where superplasticity was attained even under relatively high strain rates (5×10-3 s-1 ). By contrast, for lower temperatures, the straining process was controlled by dislocation climb. A comprehensive model, taking into account the simultaneous operation of the different mechanisms, was developed to describe the strain rate dependence on applied stress.     

Creep Rupture Behavior of K40S Alloy at Elevated Temperatures

Creep testing was conducted on K40S alloy. The detailed creep deformation and fracture mechanisms under constant load were studied. The results show that the stress exponent ranges between 7 and 14.4 at elevated temperature 973~1173 K, and that the activation energy is approximately 449.1 kJ/mol. During creep, the grain boundary sliding cut off primary carbides at the boundary, generating the "O" model cracks. The creep failure mode of K40S alloy is transgranular ductile and cracks originate at the primary carbides. A long carbide and matrix interface is often a preferential path for crack propagation. The creep mechanism is discussed in light of the creep microstructure, the stress exponent and the activation energy.     

Creep Behavior of As-Cast Ti-48Al-2Cr Intermetallic Alloy for Aerospace and Automotive Applications

The creep properties of as-cast Ti-48Al-2Cr (at%) alloy which had been strengthen with addition of 2 at% Cr were investigated. Tensile creep experiments were performed in air at temperatures from 600-800°C and initial stresses ranging from 150 to 180 MPa. Stress exponent and activation energy were both measured. Data indicates that the alloy exhibits steady state creep behavior and the steady state creep rate is found to depend on the applied load and temperature. The measured power law stress exponent for steady state creep rate is found to be close to 3 and the apparent activation energy for creep is calculated to be 15.7 kJ/mol. The creep resistance of the present alloy was also compared with binary Ti-48Al (at%) to evaluate the effect of Cr addition on creep resistance of TiAl. It is concluded that addition of 2 at% of Cr does not have significant effect on the creep resistance of TiAl.     

定向凝固NiAl-Cr(Mo,Hf)合金的显微组织及力学性能研究

运用Bridgman技术制备了定向凝固NiAL-28Cr－5.5Mo-0.5Hf合金,利用扫措电镜和透射电镜 合金的显微组织,制备态合金是由NiAl、Cr(Mo）和不边疆的网状Heusler(Ni2AlHf0相组成,细小弥散的方型G相与Ni2AlHf相相伴分布在NiAl和Cr(Mo）相界附近,分析和推测了G相和Ni2AlHf相聚集生长的原因,HIP处理后,NiAl和Cr(Mo）相界上的网状Heusler相减少,G相消失,还研究了合金室温至高温下的压缩性能和高温拉伸行为,分析了合金性能提高的原因。     

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Multiphase NiAl-based Alloy

The alloy Ni-Al26.6-Cr13.4-Co8.1-Ti4.3-W1.3-Mo0.9 （at. pct） was fabricated from superalloy K44 and Al element using vacuum induction and casting technique. Investigations to this alloy reveal that a new phase Cr3Ni2 possessing low melting point and poor ductility is formed, which is distributed as a network along NiAI matrix grain boundaries. Subsequent different solution and aging treatments are carried out and lead to microstructural changes to various extents. Rapid cooling after solution at 1250℃ for 20 h gives rise to macrocracks in the specimen while slow cooling after the same treatment results in the formation of spheric α-Cr solid solution and needle-like Ni3Al phase, which are embedded in NiAl matrix. It is comfirmed that aging treatments initiate lath-shaped Ni3Al phase and pearl-shaped α-Cr phase to precipitate from the NiAl matrix, which own orientation relationships with these precipitates.     

BDT and Creep Behaviors of NiAl-25 at. pct Cr Alloy at Various Temperatures

1.IntroductionIntermetallic compound of NiAl with B2crystal struc-ture is regarded as a potential candidate of high tem-perature structural materials because it offers attractivechemical and physical properties,such as high meltingpoint,low density,good thermal conductivity,high resis-tance to oxidation and high stiffness[1,2].Unfortunately,this kind of intermetallic compound shows limited tough-ness at ambient temperatures and poor strength at hightemperatures.An efficient way to prepare int…     

铸态Mg-6Al-1.5Ca合金高温蠕变行为研究

采用光学显微镜（OM）、能谱分析（EDS）及X射线衍射（XRD）研究了铸态Mg-6Al-1.5Ca合金显微组织,并测试了合金的高温蠕变性能。结果表明：该合金由呈枝晶形貌的α-Mg基体和沿晶界分布的Al2Ca共晶相组成;通过幂律蠕变方程得出在150-200℃/50-90MPa下合金蠕变变形机制为扩散控制的高温位错攀移和晶界滑移机制;蠕变断裂行为可以用Monkman-Gran经验公式来描述,175℃蠕变断裂特征为脆性穿晶断裂。     

机械合金化制备NiAl(Cr,Nb)粉体

采用机械合金化的方法制备NiAl(Cr,Nb)金属间化合物粉末。以Ni、Al、Cr和Nb的粉末为原料,按原子分数Ni-38Al-5Nb-5Cr配比,研究其机械合金化过程,并采用XRD,SEM,DSC等分析手段对粉末的结构、颗粒形貌及热稳定性能等进行表征。结果表明:复合粉末在球磨10h后初步合成了NiAl(Cr,Nb),随球磨时间的延长,粉末有细化的趋势,最终产物多为规则的近球形。