胶接技术在光学仪器中的应用

本文介绍了简化结构、节约材料与工时的胶接技术中光学装配胶的选择依据、调制与添加剂的多少及其影响,并指出被胶接零件的材料、形状和表面清洁度对胶接质量的影响。     

胶接技术在工程中的应用

简要介绍了胶接剂的组成及其在工程中的选用原则。对实际应用中通常采用的胶接原理作了定量的说明,在此基础上对胶接前构件的表面处理工艺及表面涂胶方式进行了叙述;同时对胶接技术的使用场合及性能特点也作了说明。     

胶粘剂在天文望远镜研究制造中的应用

本文介绍了首次对2.16米反光望远镜副镜作零膨胀无应力胶接,用改性环氧树脂胶,对30厘米红外球载望远镜的主镜、副镜、平面镜、薄铟钢片等进行胶接,用EA-9410,EA-9330室温固化环氧树脂胶,对13.7米毫米波射电望远镜背架作高强度胶接等实例。同时,对胶粘剂在光学冷加工中的应用作了介绍。     

镁合金激光胶接焊接头微观及力学性能

采用激光胶接焊焊接镁舍金，利用现代测试手段分析接头的微观组织特征，并分别研究激光焊、胶接和激光胶接焊3种接头在相同工艺参数下的剪切力和抗剥离力，在较好的工艺参数下，激光胶接焊焊缝成形良好。在激光热源的作用下，焊缝区内胶层受热分解并以气体形式逸出焊缝，并未影响焊缝的组织熔舍；焊缝边缘附近胶层炭化裂解，存在胶层失效区，虽减小胶层的承载面积，但该区域很窄，对接头的实际承载能力影响不大。激光胶接焊接头剪切力最大，胶接接头次之，激光焊接接头剪切力最小；激光胶接焊接头的抗剥离力远大于胶接接头的抗剥离力。激光胶接焊有效提高接头的实际承载能力，因此具有很大的发展潜力。     

胶层厚度对胶接波纹板三点弯曲力学性能影响研究

三明治波纹板采用轻质化和薄壁化的结构设计方法，可以作为承载和吸能结构应用于汽车底盘前纵梁、车身Y字梁等，而现有文献缺少针对胶层厚度对波纹板性能影响的研究。通过制备胶接波纹板并开展三点弯曲工况准静态加载失效试验，分析了不同胶层厚度对三明治波纹板整体承载和吸能特性的影响规律。试验发现，不同胶层厚度下铝合金胶接波纹板结构承载能力和破坏样貌存在差异，相比于0.5 mm和1.0 mm,0.2 mm胶层厚度的三明治结构的各项力学性能和稳定性较好。随后建立胶接波纹板三点弯曲加载有限元模型，实现了对波纹板整体加载变形过程和胶层损伤的模拟，通过与试验结果对比验证了有限元建模方法的有效性，为轻质金属胶接波纹板结构设计和性能评价提供可靠方法。     

微型零件胶粘接的微装配技术

微型零件的胶粘接技术是微装配中一种重要的联接技术，用于微小型产品的制造。本文介绍了微型零件的胶粘接技术及其所研制开发的用于胶粘接的微装配机器人系统，对微型直线电机导轨的胶粘接进行了说明，分析了胶粘接过程中可能出现的问题，提出了基于视觉图象对微型零件胶接过程的检测方法，通过图象处理测量胶滴的点样位置和大小，以确保胶粘接的质量。     

内聚力模型在结构胶接强度分析中的应用

采用内聚力模型,对铝板环氧树脂胶接接头进行强度分析,模拟胶层加载过程中胶层单元失效扩展,并进行胶接接头力学实验与仿真结果对比,证明此方法的有效性;并将此方法运用于预测某复杂结构铝管胶接接头强度,为工程上合理选择胶接材料和快速估算胶接接头的承载能力提供了参考.     

航天工业中胶接技术的研究现状分析

针对目前我国航天产品,尤其是航天精密机电产品的胶接装配技术研究不足的现状,介绍了航天胶接技术的应用类型,以及胶接技术在耐超高/低温性、高密封性、多功能性、高稳定性或低蠕变性、低挥发性等方面的应用特点.在此基础上总结分析了胶接装配的机理、关键工艺、静/动态力学性能、疲劳/老化特性等方面的研究进展.最后给出了航天工业胶接装...     

YJ24过滤嘴接装机供胶装置的改进

原YJ24过滤嘴接装机供胶装置中存在诸多设计缺陷，文中介绍了一种新的改进后的供簿装置，其乳胶供给采用光电控制，能实现集中供胶和定量供胶，还可多机同用一台胶泵，既降低成本，提高供胶质量，又省时省力。     

复合材料胶接强度分析

以Von Mises屈服准则为胶层失效判据及基于应力分布的三维Hashin失效准则为复合材料层合板失效判据,采用材料刚度退化的方法,在ANSYS中建立了考虑复合材料层合板和胶层失效的复合材料胶接强度分析模型;利用该模型对复合材料胶接强度进行了准确预测.重点研究了胶层厚度和胶接长度两个设计参数对复合材料胶接强度的影响,结果表明:胶接强度在一定范围内随着胶层厚度和胶接长度的增大而增大,呈非线性关系.     

Reinforcement of bone cement using metal meshes

Following on from previous work reported in this journal, a practical system has been developed for in situ fibre reinforcement of bone cement in the hip joint prosthesis. A fibre preform is inserted during the operation, surrounding the metal stem of the prosthesis, forming a composite with the cement. Tests performed on full-scale models of the joint show improvements in fatigue life by more than an order of magnitude when a preform of metal fibres is used; this significantly delays the onset of cement cracking and stem loosening. Initial results reported previously suggest that other fibre materials such as carbon may give even greater improvements. Clinical trials have begun, using a form of the metal mesh.     

基于工程塑料件的加工研究

介绍了塑料制品的三种加工方法及工艺.时塑料零件的连接方法和表面处理工艺作了扼要说明;对塑料的主要特性.机械加工及工艺方法进行了阐述;对加工塑料制品时的冷却剂选用作了说明.     

Revision of cemented fixation and cement-bone interface strength.

Interfacial shear strength between poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement and cancellous bone was measured in bone samples from human proximal femora. Samples were prepared with fresh cement-bone, fresh cement inside a mantle of existing cement and with fresh cement-revised bone surfaces. Push-out tests to measure shear strength caused failure only at bone-cement interfaces; revised bone interfaces were 30 per cent weaker (P < 0.02) than primary interfaces. The clinical relevance is that revision of cemented joint arthroplasties may necessitate removal of components with sound cement-bone fixation. The practice of removing all traces of PMMA cement may not yield the optimal fixation; adhesion of fresh cement to freshly prepared surfaces of the existing cement might also be considered where circumstances are favourable.     

水泥干法回转窑生产线PLC控制系统

介绍了ＰＬＣ集中控制水泥干法生产线各生产环节的工作情况，概述了ＰＬＣ控制系统的特点，硬件组成及工作原理。并对该系统的软件设计、硬件与外部元件的关系做了较详细的论述。     

Validation of the small-punch test as a technique for characterizing the mechanical properties of acrylic bone cement

This paper examines the validity of using the small-punch test technique as a means of quantifying the mechanical properties of acrylic bone cement under different test conditions. The elastic moduli calculated using the small-punch test method were compared with data measured using the international standard for acrylic bone resin, ISO 5833. Conclusions from the study indicate that the small-punch test is a reproducible miniature specimen test method that can be used to characterize the mechanical properties of retrieved acrylic bone cement as used in total joint replacement surgery. Moreover, the test conditions were found to influence the elastic modulus of acrylic bone cement. The test temperature had a greater effect on the elastic behaviour of the bone cement than the test medium.     

Incorporation of large amounts of gentamicin sulphate into acrylic bone cement: effect on handling and mechanical properties, antibiotic release, and biofilm formation

Bacterial infection remains a significant complication following total joint replacement. If infection is suspected when revision surgery is being performed, a large dose of antibiotic, usually gentamicin sulphate, is often blended with the acrylic bone cement powder in an attempt to reduce the risk of recurrent infection. In this in-vitro study the effect of small and large doses of gentamicin sulphate on the handling and mechanical properties of the cement, gentamicin release from the cement, and in-vitro biofilm formation by clinical Staphylococcus spp. isolates on the cement was determined. An increase in gentamicin loading of 1, 2, 3, or 4 g, in a cement powder mass of 40 g, resulted in a significant decrease in the compressive and four-point bending strength, but a significant increase in the amount of gentamicin released over a 72h period. When overt infection was modelled, using Staphylococcus spp. clinical isolates at an inoculum of 1 x 10(7) colony-forming units/ml, an increase in the amount of gentamicin (1, 2, 3, or 4 g) added to 40 g of poly(methyl methacrylate) cement resulted in an initial decrease in bacterial colonization but this beneficial effect was no longer apparent by 72 h, with the bacterial strains forming biofilms on the cements despite the release of high levels of gentamicin. The findings suggest that orthopaedic surgeons should carefully consider the clinical consequences of blending large doses (1 g or more per 40 g of poly(methyl methacrylate)) of gentamicin into Palacos R bone cement for use in revision surgery as the increased gentamicin loading does not prevent bacterial biofilm formation and the effect on the mechanical properties could be important to the longevity of the prosthetic joint.     

Joint venture

Knowing the physics of a bonded joint is all very well, but just how do you make it in practice? John Hill explains how PERA International has turned the theory into a practical design procedure.     

焊接机架辅助设计方法研究

分析焊接机架的组成,建立相应的层次结构计算机表示模型,表示焊接机架的功能信息和几何信息等,并在此基础上根据知识规则实现诸多功能。重点介绍自动确定杆件拼接形式功能、自动生成机架焊接顺序功能和自动进行节点板设计功能等,并用实例介绍使用过程和步骤。     

Effect of interface conditions between ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and polymethyl methacrylate bone cement on the mechanical behaviour of total shoulder arthroplasty

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the interface condition between polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement and the ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMWPE) glenoid component on cement stresses and glenoid component tilting in a finite element (FE) model. The background of this research is that most FE models assume bonding between the PMMA bone cement and the UHMWPE component, although it is very doubtful that this bonding is present. An FE model of a cemented glenoid component was developed and a joint compression force and subluxation force of 725 and 350 N respectively were applied. The maximal principal stresses in the cement layer ranged between 21.30 and 32.18 MPa. Glenoid component tilting ranged between 0.943 degrees and 0.513 degrees. It was found that the interface condition has a large effect on the maximal principal stresses and glenoid component tilting. Whether adhesion between the UHMWPE component and PMMA bone cement occurs is unknown beforehand and, as a result, design validation using the FE technique should be carried out both by using contact elements in combination with a coefficient of friction as well as by a full bonding at this interface.     

Fracture characteristics of acrylic bone cement-bone composites

In this study, the fracture properties of Perspex, acrylic bone cement prepared using a commercially available reduced pressure mixing system and a bone cement-bone composite were compared under different test conditions. The method used was the double-torsion (DT) test. The observations made from this investigation are as follows. The fracture toughness and critical crack length for Perspex significantly increased (ANOVA, p = 0.001) when tested in water compared to air. An increase in test temperature from 19 to 37 degrees C resulted in a decrease in the fracture properties in water, this reduction being also statistically significant (ANOVA, p = 0.02). The mean fracture toughness and standard deviation of CMW3 bone cement when mixed under reduced pressure was 2.19 +/- 0.11 MN m(-3/2) compared to 3.89 +/- 0.10 MN m(-3/2) for the cement-bone composite (ANOVA, p = 0.004). The crack length determined for CMW3 bone cement and the cement bone composite were 0.323 +/- 0.031 and 1.1434 +/- 0.61 mm respectively. The plateau loads of the composite material were higher than measured for the monolithic acrylic bone cement, 249.66 +/- 67.75 N compared with 140.83 +/- 6.82 N. The high level of variation recorded for the plateau loads of the bone cement bone composite is due to the orientation and volume fraction of the cancellous bone. It can be concluded from this investigation that acrylic bone cement interdigitation into the cancellous bone results in a superior material with respect to crack resistance in comparison with the bone cement as a lone entity. Therefore it is an advantage if there is sufficient cancellous bone stock available within the intermedullary canal to allow bone cement penetration to occur, for the transfer of loads during daily activity. Additionally, it is paramount that the clinician ensures that adequate pressure is applied and maintained for an appropriate time during cement injection and prosthesis insertion in order to ensure optimum cement penetration into the pore openings of the cancellous bone, thus improving the resistance of the cement mantle to fracture and ultimately improving the longevity of the joint replacement.