Distance decay and coverage in facility location planning

An important consideration in urban and regional planning is where to locate facilities providing services. Location models are typically used to support facility siting decisions. This paper develops general models that simultaneously addresses issues involving potential demand as a function of distance, coverage range, and partial regional service in facility siting. The developed models are general in that they can be utilized for siting both desirable and undesirable facilities. Application results are presented for a discrete linear model to locate park-and-ride facilities (desirable) and recycling facilities (undesirable) in Columbus, Ohio. The findings illustrate the flexibility and usefulness of the developed modeling approach for addressing a wide range of planning issues.

---

面向可实施性的商业设施布局规划

在剖析当前商业设施规划建设存在问题的基础上,以浙江省江山市为例,探讨了消费时代商业设施规划的新框架,并从疏理商业规模、明确商业体系结构、实现图则控制引导等方面,提出了其规划编制思路,旨在将城市商业发展的控制要求落实到用地层面,实现商业规划的可操作性。     

“城市公共设施“规划知识

城市公共设施又叫“城市社会性基础性设施”(social infrastructure),泛指一切直接或间接为城市居民社会生活服务的部门、行业和设施。它涉及面广,同市民生活的切身利益密切相关。     

关于城市环卫设施规划的思考

结合焦作市中心城环卫设施现状,分析了焦作市环卫设施存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了解决问题的具体对策,从而指导焦作市中心城环卫设施建设,进一步推动城市建设的发展.     

基于交通小区和地块的停车设施规划研究

针对停车设施规划中分析尺度不统一、遗漏部分重要交通吸发源等问题,在传统交通小区分析停车供需问题的基础上,提出了采用交通小区和地块双评估分析停车设施供需问题的方法,并以成都市温江区为例进行实践,从而深入剖析停车矛盾,精准布局停车设施,提高规划的科学性和有效性。     

A geotechnical engineering systems approach for arctic transportation facility planning and design

An applied systems approach is outlined that identifies, defines, and integrates into the overall project implementation process those geotechnical engineering functions, processes and data valuable to the planning and design of complex linear transportation projects in geotechnically variable arctic terrain. System objectives, components, attributes, and internal/external functional relation ships are identified and explained from a practical perspective. Geotechnical route characterization is explained from a landform-based format. The systems approach is presented from a project perspective, starting with definition/ identification of needed geotechnical input/output, and progressing through route selection, preliminary design, and final design. Criteria for system develop ment and application are identified as they relate to transportation facility projects.     

现代旅游城市商业网点规划的探讨--张家界市区商业网点规划

城市商业网点规划是城市规划的一个重要组成部分，本文结合张家界市探讨当前城市商业网点的规划面临的主要问题以及规划如何应对。     

Map of ecological networks for landscape planning

This paper presents a method based on a geographical information system (GIS) to model ecological networks in a fragmented landscape. The ecological networks are generated with the help of a landscape model (which integrate human activities) and with a wildlife dispersal model. The main results are maps which permit the analysis and the understanding of the impact of human activities on wildlife dispersal. Three applications in a study area are presented: ecological networks at the landscape scale, conflicting areas at the farmstead scale and ecological distance between biotopes. These applications show the flexibility of the model and its potential to give information on ecological networks at different planning scales.     

Urban landscape networks: an ecological planning framework

This paper presents a framework for the planning of urban landscape networks in an attempt to have nature areas integrated into traditional urban land-use planning. The biophysical and socio-economic benefits of such a network are discussed to provide justification for this incorporation. A framework is described, building upon ecological planning processes and incorporating theory and methodology from landscape ecology. The framework includes an assessment of natural and cultural resources, formulating the spatial structure of the network and examination of network components. Implementation strategies are discussed within the context of traditional urban land-use planning practice.     

马尔科夫排队过程

马尔科夫排队过程是马尔科夫决策规划的一个重要应用。本文研究将一般的排队系统转化为马尔科夫排队过程，因而可以利用马尔科夫决策规划的求值运算来求解。本文着重介绍了顾客逐一的接受服务和顾客成批的接受服务两种最主要类型并计算给出相应的结果。     

Integrated production planning and control system for a panelized home prefabrication facility using simulation and RFID

The construction industry is adopting off-site construction for its superior quality, short cycle time, and minimal environmental impact. Among the different off-site construction methods, panelized construction follows a manufacturing approach where houses are built in smaller panels in an assembly line. Due to the complex and unique nature of the home building process, existing manufacturing concepts such as automated production planning and control system are not applicable to the panelized home production facility. This paper utilizes radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, data mining, and simulation-based optimization to develop a production planning and control system for a panelized home production facility. The RFID system is used to automatically collect the production data; however, the RFID data in this study contains considerable noise. Thus, it is crucial to extract the relevant data from the raw data. A RANSAC model is developed for this purpose to automatically clean the RFID data and then use it to build the simulation model, which is then integrated with an optimization algorithm to generate the production schedule and real-time performance monitoring. The proposed framework cleans the noisy RFID data to extract records that represent a steady flow of assembly line. These clean records are then used to build PDFs that are required to develop discrete event simulation model that can help managers to capture an almost real-time snapshot of the production of the assembly line as well as automatically optimize the production schedule. The proposed system is implemented and validated in a panelized wall production facility operated by ACQBUILT Inc., a prefabricated home builder in Edmonton, Canada.     

The historical rise and fall of community facility provision standards in the metropolitan planning of Melbourne

Underpinning strategic metropolitan planning is a host of planning standards that deal with the design and regulation of the built environment. This paper is particularly interested in identifying to what extent planning standards dealing with the provision of public open space had been used in strategic metropolitan plans for the city of Melbourne, Australia. Using a historical perspective, this paper traces the historical adoption and adaption of community facility delivery standards over a 100-year period, via the analysis of several metropolitan plans of Melbourne. Their initial adoption and then progressive demise is attributed to a variety of factors including shifts in planning practise, regional politics and the fluctuating economic fortunes of Melbourne since the mid-1970s. This city-specific example is considered to be unique not only because it captures the shifts that had taken place in the metropolitan planning of Melbourne but it also focuses upon the provision of community facilities which remains a much neglected feature of historic metropolitan strategic planning.     

Ecological networks: A spatial concept for multi-actor planning of sustainable landscapes

In this paper, we propose the ecological network concept as a suitable basis for inserting biodiversity conservation into sustainable landscape development. For landscapes to be ecologically sustainable, the landscape structure should support those ecological processes required for the landscape to deliver biodiversity services for present and future generations. We first show that in multifunctional, human-dominated landscapes, biodiversity conservation needs a coherent large-scale spatial structure of ecosystems. Theory and empirical knowledge of ecological networks provides a framework for the design of such structures. Secondly, ecological networks can bridge the paradox between reserve conservation (fixing nature in space and time) and development, which implies change. This is because ecological networks can change structure without losing their conservation potential. Thirdly, ecological networks facilitate stakeholder decision-making on feasible biodiversity goals. They help to focus on an effective spatial scale. We conclude that extending the ecological network concept with multifunctional indicators is a promising step towards sustainable landscape development and stakeholder decision-making.     

Development of a multiple objective planning theory and system for sustainable air quality monitoring networks

Air quality monitoring data are important bases for air quality management strategies planning and performance assessment. Therefore, the environmental protection authorities need to plan the air quality monitoring network effectively. However, in Taiwan, the national Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) and some county environmental protection bureaus (EPB) separately installed their own monitoring stations. This study developed an integrated methodology and computer system for planning air quality monitoring networks. The environmental, social, and economic objectives and sub-objectives, and their weights were identified using system analysis and multiple objective planning, based on the principles of sustainable development. A multiple objective optimization model and procedure for sustainable air quality monitoring networks planning are developed in this study. According to the procedure, a multiple objective planning system for sustainable air quality monitoring networks (MOPSSAQMN) is developed using computer software based on the modified bounded implicit enumeration algorithm with the constraint arrangement method. The air quality monitoring network of Taoyuan County, in northern Taiwan, was used as a case study to demonstrate the proposed method. Two satisfactory alternatives based on different conditions were generated using MOPSSAQMN. The compared results show that this study generated better alternatives than the current monitoring network. An installation schedule for the alternative was proposed, and its first step is now being implemented by the EPB of Taoyuan County Government. The procedure and computer system developed in this study can be used to assist the competent authorities to devise good and different alternatives for air quality monitoring networks planning.     

Socialising rural space in North Korea: settlement planning,housing, and service networks

During the period beginning with the Korean War ceasefire in 1953 until the end of the 1960s, the North Korean regime attempted to socialise the countryside, creating model villages to transform rural space. An analysis of the model villages and housing reveals that rural policy in North Korea passed through three major changes. First, the North Korean regime finished implementing land nationalisation and cooperativisation by 1958, which led to an enormous change in the rural landscape. Second, after a visit to Chongsan-Ri in 1960, Kim Il-Sung suggested a new model that mixed urban housing and service networks with rural living spaces. Finally, in 1964, Kim Il-Sung announced the Rural Theses, which emphasised the role of the ‘county’ (gun) in rural transformation, positioning the county seat as the model of urbanised countryside society. However, North Korea’s continuous efforts to urbanise the countryside were frustrated by reality, except for certain model village cases. As a result, North Korea’s actual rural living spaces stood in stark contrast to these ideal models.     

Computational framework for risk-based planning of inspections,maintenance and condition monitoring using discrete Bayesian networks

This paper presents a computational framework for risk-based planning of inspections and repairs for deteriorating components. Two distinct types of decision rules are used to model decisions: simple decision rules that depend on constants or observed variables (e.g. inspection outcome), and advanced decision rules that depend on variables found using Bayesian updating (e.g. probability of failure). Two decision models are developed, both relying on dynamic Bayesian networks (dBNs) for deterioration modelling. For simple decision rules, dBNs are used directly for exact assessment of total expected life-cycle costs. For advanced decision rules, simulations are performed to estimate the expected costs, and dBNs are used within the simulations for decision-making. Information from inspections and condition monitoring are included if available. An example in the paper demonstrates the framework and the implemented strategies and decision rules, including various types of condition-based maintenance. The strategies using advanced decision rules lead to reduced costs compared to the simple decision rules when condition monitoring is applied, and the value of condition monitoring is estimated by comparing the lowest costs obtained with and without condition monitoring.     

以近期规划为规划改革的突破口(代专题立意)

1　序言城市规划编制与管理在理论认识和操作体系上需要变革 ,这一点经过多年探讨已经在业内达成高度共识 ,但变革的方位依然莫衷一是 ,近期规划似乎大可为之。本人亲历了深圳事实上五年一度的总体规划 ,耳闻了天津主动性的近期与年度滚动规划 ,也目睹了广州近期建设规划的强力实施 ,两年前又策划并主持了对深圳总体规划第一个 5年实施的绩效评估和第二个 5年的对策研究 ,完成后恰逢国务院及九部委向全国下达编制近期建设规划的紧急任务 ,便集中精力对近期规划问题进行了初步研究 ,写出了被选在 2 0 0 2年中国城市规划学会厦门年会大会宣讲…     

Equality measures and facility location

A review of the literature indicates that fairly simplistic measures of equality in travel distances are normally used in facility location studies. Two popular criteria, those of minimizing the maximal distance and the range, are known to be sensitive to the extreme values (locations of users) of the problem. This paper recommends that distributional equality should be used instead in most locational studies. Using a simple spatial setting, the paper offers a comparative analysis of equality curves based on the following measures: Gini coefficient, mean deviation, Hoover's concentration index, variance (standard deviation), and Theil's entropy index.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 37th North American Regional Science Meetings, Boston, Massachusetts, November 1990.     

构筑效能规划与阳光规划

结合胶南市规划实例,介绍了加强组织领导、推行阳光规划、严格审批管理、加强队伍建设、更新管理理念等一系列构筑效能规划和阳光规划的措施,可供类似城乡规划参考借鉴。