湿空气非预混火焰的稳定性

利用粒子图像测速技术对钝体后的湿空气回流非预混燃烧火焰流场进行了测量,研究湿空气燃烧火焰的结构特性,以及水蒸气的加入对火焰稳定性的影响,得到湿空气燃烧火焰的稳定性区域图.通过对比湿空气燃烧和普通燃烧火焰转变的临界值,发现湿空气燃烧回流火焰向过渡火焰转变时,燃空速度比的临界值比普通燃烧的低16%~22%,而发生局部熄火时的临界值与普通燃烧时的相比至少低25%.分析表明,湿空气火焰不稳定性主要是由于环流湿空气动量的减少引起的,另外稀释作用和化学发应的影响导致氧原子含量降低也是不稳定的一个原因.     

基于辐射强度多波长分析的燃烧火焰温度测量方法的实验研究

在研究中,多波长分析用于丁烷－空气混合气体燃烧火焰的温度测量,在测量系统中采用光纤光谱仪对处于可见光波段（５００￣１４００ｎｍ）中的燃烧火焰辐射进行测量,并胜仗火焰温度。测量结果表明,由于采用光谱分析的方法,波开的选择对测量结果的影响明显减小,因而测量结果的稳定性大大提高。其次,采用这种分析方法,还能够找到火焰单色辐射黑度的变化规律。最后,在多波长分析的具体实现步骤中省略了双色法所必需的火焰绝对辐     

锅炉炉膛燃烧火焰的检测

从燃料燃烧所发生的物理、化学现象出发,总结出几种实炉常用的锅炉炉膛燃烧火焰的检测方法,并介绍几种检测元件的原理、特性及火焰检测器的安装、使用和保养。     

甲烷-空气预混火焰稳定特性的实验研究

基于本生灯实验,测试分析了甲烷-空气预混火焰的稳定燃烧特性。试验研究了预混气体火焰闪回和吹熄极限随燃空当量比的变化关系。研究发现,甲烷-空气混合气体的闪回极限的最大值出现在接近化学当量比处,并且呈现出类似抛物线的变化规律;而火焰的吹熄极限随着当量比的增加而逐渐增大。试验通过采用13 mm和11 mm两种不同口径的本生灯,研究了本生灯孔径对甲烷-空气预混火焰的稳定燃烧区间的影响关系,实验证明,随着孔径的增大,闪回极限将会减小,而吹熄极限随之增大。通过实验获取这些参数,能够为设计和优化燃烧系统提供理论支撑。     

带有氮气稀释的合成气火焰的实验研究

以合成气旋流扩散燃烧为研究对象,利用平面激光诱导荧光技术研究了在氮气稀释作用下,CH4、H2、CO及合成气火焰的燃烧特性.实验发现,CH4、H2燃烧时,氮气的掺混仅改变火焰形状,不影响其燃烧的稳定性,CO燃烧稳定性最差,导致合成气火焰易受氮气稀释作用的影响,但由于H2的存在,实验工况范围内的氮气稀释量下,合成气火焰仍能...     

稀释燃烧的火焰稳定性

采用实验研究的方法探讨了反应物预热温度与稀释率两个因素对稀释燃烧火焰稳定性的影响.实验以氮气稀释的甲烷-空气对冲扩散火焰为研究对象,确定了不同反应物预热温度与氧化剂稀释率(氧气体积分数)时火焰的熄火极限,结果表明,增大反应物预热温度拓宽了火焰稳定燃烧区域,而增加氧化剂稀释率(降低氧气体积分数)会降低稀释火焰的稳定性,二者对火焰稳定性的影响作用相反.为了进一步分析反应物预热温度与稀释率对火焰稳定性的影响程度,引入了估算的Damkohler数,分析表明,在实验研究范围内,反应物预热温度对火焰稳定性的影响比稀释率的影响显著,是火焰稳定性的主要影响因素.     

Flame balls in mixing layers

We present a study of flame balls in a two-dimensional mixing layer with one objective being to derive an ignition criterion (for triple-flames) in such a non-homogeneous reactive mixture. The problem is formulated within a thermo-diffusive single-reaction model and leads for large values of the Zeldovich number β$\beta$ to a free boundary problem. The free boundary problem is then solved analytically in the asymptotic limit of large values of the Damköhler number, which represents a non-dimensional measure of the (square of the) mixing layer thickness. The explicit solution, which describes a non-spherical flame ball generalising the classical Zeldovich flame balls (ZFB) to a non-uniform mixture, is shown to exist only if centred at a single location. This location is found to be precisely that of the leading-edge of a triple-flame in the mixing layer, and typically differs from the location of the stoichiometric surface by an amount of order β^-1${\beta }^{-1}$ depending only on a normalised stoichiometric coefficient Δ$\Delta$.     

Flame propagation through concentration gradient

IntroductionIn the matter of internal combustion engine, thesimultaneous reduction of fuel consumption andpollutant emission are required. Pedial premixedcombustion is expected to be a combustion method torealize this. The combustion method has both theadvantage of premixed combustion (low environmentalpollution ) and that of diffusive combustion (highefficiency ). The method is already used in the directinjection gasoline engine and in diesel engine with twostage injection or spray atomizatio…     

氧质量分数对高温空气下火焰氮氧化物生成影响

揭示高温空气燃烧过程中的火焰结构和氮氧化物生成机理.以对向流扩散火焰为对象,利用基于详细基元反应动力学模型的燃烧数值解析方法研究了氧质量分数对高温空气(温度为1 300 K)/甲烷扩散火焰火焰结构和氮氧化物生成的影响.结果表明,随着氧质量分数的逐渐减小,火焰结构和NO的生成机理发生显著变化,扩散火焰的NO生成主要由热力...     

用电离法研究492QS射流燃烧系统火焰传播过程

根据汽油机燃烧过程中火焰电离的原理,成功地试制了一台火焰传播测量仪。通过装在气缸盖上某一位置处的传感器,用此仪器可以测出火焰到达射流燃烧室中该位置的时刻和燃烧持续时间。该仪器可同时检测32个测点,用微机采样输出数据,也可以用示波器显示任一个传感器输出的电位差变化波形。测量的结果分析表明,射流燃烧系统的燃烧过程有明显的自身特点,这对该系统进一步改进和整机性能的提高是有益的。     

聚合物火焰辐射的通风影响

根据通风条件不同，受限燃烧可分为燃料控制和通风控制两种燃烧状况。通风对于受限燃烧的火焰辐射有重要影响，尤其在通风控制燃烧时。本文以火焰中热量和炭颗粒的生成规律为基础，提出了描述通风影响的聚合物燃烧火焰辐射近似模型。针对几种典型聚合物计算了其火焰辐射放热分数和火焰平均辐射温度，并讨论了通风条件、燃烧构成和燃烧尺度的影响、以及火焰辐射放热分数与燃料烟点之间的关系。进而，在改进的基础上，以ｄｅ Ｒｉｓ和     

等离子体火焰介电特性理论分析及电容层析成像测量研究

在对甲烷-空气等离子体火焰电离现象、等离子体火焰极化方式作详细分析的基础上,考虑带电粒子运动与电磁场之间的耦合作用,提出了等离子体火焰介电系数的理论模型。辅以静电探针与热电偶对火焰未知参数的测量结果,获得了相对介电系数的理论值。基于电容层析成像实验结果,对火焰重建图像进行标定,获得了被测区域内火焰相对介电系数的实验值。将相对介电系数的理论值与实验值进行对比分析,分析了相对介电系数理论值的误差来源。同时对利用电容层析成像技术进行火焰温度场的标定进行了初步的研究。     

Flame photographs in a spark-ignition engine

A set of schlieren photographs illustrating the various stages of combustion in a spark-ignition engine is presented. The photographs were taken in a square cross-section engine where two of the walls are quartz windows to permit full optical access. Both bulk gas motion and smaller scale turbulence are seen to have an influence on the flame kernel. As the flame grows, the persistence of larger scale structures as well as smaller scale wrinkling is apparent. The surfaces of the reaction zone are seen to be smoothly curved, with radii of curvature of order 1 mm.     

Flame propagation in metal slurry sprays

An analytical and computational study of vaporizing and burning liquid hydrocarbon-metal slurry droplet streams injected into a hot gas is presented. The objective is to investigate the mass and energy interactions between the slurry droplet streams and the gas flow. An idealized configuration consisting of parallel droplet streams is used. The governing gas-phase equations are analytically integrated by using the Green's function approach and a resulting set of first order nonlinear ordinary differential equations is numerically solved. The slurry droplet model includes transient heating and particle drag, a shell-bubble formulation, heating and ignition of the metal agglomerate subsequent to the vaporization of the liquid fuel, and vapor-phase burning of the metal. Results show that, at different combustor locations, interacting and distinct premixed and diffusion type reaction zones are present. For the metal particle to be ignited, at a given metal loading, there exists a minimum inlet gas temperature requirement which depends upon the equivalence ratio. The heating and burning times of the metal agglomerate are found to be much larger in comparison to the liquid fuel vaporization times, and they increase with increasing metal particle size and metal loading of the slurry droplets.     

微细圆管中的稳定火焰传播

研究了火焰在有壁面散热的微细圆管中的传播过程.流动马赫数很小时,假定流体满足理想气体状态方程,采用详细化学反应机理.火焰面形状由壁面散热和流场共同决定.壁面散热增大时会导致熄火.引入二维流场使维持火焰稳定传播的壁面散热范围扩大.计算结果表明,微细圆管燃烧器内较大的火焰面曲率能促进燃烧.     

一种新的火焰稳定机制

传统的钝体稳焰机制以高温烟气的回流预热初始燃料,促使着火提前,强化燃烧,达到稳定火焰的目的.这种钝体稳焰机制并未将回流区所具备的全部功能都发挥出来.本文提出的开缝钝体燃烧机制,即在钝体中心设置缝隙,向回流区送入少量燃料与空气,使其在最有利的环境中立即着火,形成一值班火焰,以明火点燃主流.这样,回流区的“被动热源”将转变...     

W火焰锅炉的燃烧调整

对阳城国际发电有限责任公司6台W火焰锅炉的煤质燃烧特性、制粉系统和二次风配风结构进行了分析,得出锅炉出力无法达到额定负荷,在高负荷下需投油助燃的原因.在此基础上,对制粉系统和二次风挡板进行了调整和优化.调整后的运行结果表明:在燃用哈氏可磨系数为38和48的煤种时,都实现了锅炉不投油助燃带负荷至350 MW,同时锅炉效率明显提高,煤耗大幅下降.     

焊接钢构件的火焰矫正

焊接钢构件的变形，广泛采用火焰矫正，文章论述了火焰加热对钢材性能的影响、火焰矫正加热特点，加热参数和方法选择。     

Flame development along a straight vortex

Flame development along a straight vortex was studied experimentally to elucidate the effects of the maximum circumferential velocity and the density ratio of the flame. A pair of straight vortices was produced in nitrogen-diluted stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen mixtures with density ratios ranging from 5.3 to 7.2. The velocity field measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV) showed that the vortex tube had a mean maximum circumferential velocity ranging from 18.0 to 35.8 m/s and had a mean core diameter ranging from 5 to 6 mm. One of the vortices was ignited at the core by a focused laser at 193 nm without disturbing the flow field. The flame propagated along the axis of the straight vortex at a speed much higher than in the radial direction or in the quiescent mixture. The axial propagation velocity increased over time and became nearly constant when the half-axial length of the flame was larger than the core diameter of the vortex tube. The axial propagation velocity at steady state was roughly proportional to the maximum circumferential velocity and to the density ratio minus unity. The axial propagation velocity in the initial stage increased with the square root of the half-axial length of the flame as well as with the maximum circumferential velocity and the density ratio minus unity.