铁磁构件疲劳损伤的磁记忆效应

研究铁磁构件在疲劳载荷作用下的磁记忆效应,探索磁记忆检测技术检测受疲劳载荷作用的铁磁构件的检测机理,对于磁记忆检测技术应用到实际工业检测中具有重要意义。通过在疲劳试验机上对中碳钢试样进行拉伸疲劳试验,并用金属磁记忆检测仪检测加载过程中试样的磁记忆信号的变化和分布,总结分析了疲劳破坏过程中磁记忆信号的变化和分布特征,并且从铁磁学的角度对其进行机理分析和解释。     

铁磁构件磁记忆检测技术的研究进展

金属磁记忆技术在检测铁磁构件应力集中和疲劳损伤等早期失效方面具有潜力.从磁记忆效应的机理研究、基础性试验探讨到检测信号的影响因素分析以及工程应用,对该技术在近几年来的发展现状进行了综述,并讨论了其在理论和实际应用中存在的问题.在国内外现有研究的基础上,指出了磁记忆检测技术的特点和需要进一步研究的发展方向.     

受扭轴类零件磁记忆信号的初步研究

金属磁记忆检测技术是通过测试构件在外载荷作用过程中形成的表面微弱磁场的变化来监测其损伤状态的。利用该技术，研究了受扭磁性轴类构件的磁记忆检测信号特征，并探讨了磁场环境对构件在扭矩作用下磁记忆信号的影响。结果表明，磁记忆检测信号与构件的损伤状态之间具有明显的相关性，磁场环境对改善金属磁记忆检测效果具有较好的作用。     

钢箱梁受弯屈曲的磁记忆参数表征

为了探究金属磁记忆检测技术对桥梁钢构件屈曲部位的损伤预测,采用金属磁记忆技术检测了Q345qC四点受弯波纹腹板钢箱梁表面的磁场强度法向分量H_p(y),提取磁表征量并对其与荷载之间的关系进行了分析。研究结果表明：金属磁记忆检测技术可用于对施工阶段桥梁钢构件表面的失稳监测,易屈曲位置可以通过磁表征量H_con的变化规律反映。研究分析认为,易屈曲位置的磁表征量H_con随荷载的变化呈现先上升,临近构件屈服时下降的规律。通过H_con变化的规律性可以判别易屈曲位置,通过H_con开始下降的时间可以对屈曲进行预警,防范灾害的发生。该研究为施工阶段钢结构的失稳监测提供了一种有效方法。     

GMA的温度特性分析及热形变被动补偿方法研究

利用超磁致伸缩材料的磁致伸缩效应特性制成的磁致伸缩智能构件,位移输出精度可达亚微米级,这为精密与超精密加工领域提供了新的驱动解决方案,这种精密微驱动过程是依靠智能材料的功能性实现的。然而,在磁致伸缩智能构件工作过程中,线圈的焦耳热损耗、材料磁滞与涡流损耗等因素会导致其温度升高,并伴随着材料出现热变形、磁致伸缩系数不稳定等问题,从而严重影响系统的输出性能。为降低温升对磁致伸缩智能构件工作性能的影响,对超磁致伸缩致动器的温度变化特性进行了深入分析,提出一种热形变被动补偿机构,完成了具有热形变自补偿功能的超磁致伸缩致动器设计。实验结果表明,磁致伸缩致动器的主要发热形式和发热源,取决于激励电流形式、工作频率;所设计的超磁致伸缩致动器在工作过程中能够对热形变自动进行补偿。研究结果为提高磁致伸缩智能构件在精密与超精密驱动领域应用过程中的工作精度提供了一种途径。     

构件形状对金属磁记忆检测的影响

金属磁记忆检测是无损检测领域的新技术,而某些形状构件的应力集中和缺陷不能用该方法检测.为了研究构件形状对磁记检测的影响,计算了处于地磁场中的管道壁内的磁场.结果表明,管道和压力容器等适宜用磁记忆检测.     

MEMS微构件动态特性测试的激励技术和方法

在微机电系统(MEMS)微构件动态特性的测试中,激励是基本环节,通过激励使微构件振动,并测量和分析振动响应信号,实现对微构件动态特性的测试.由于MEMS微构件的尺寸小、谐振频率较高,限制了传统的激励技术和方法在其动态特性测试中的应用.目前应用在MEMS微构件动态特性测试中的激励技术和方法,根据实现激励的方式不同,归纳为三类:利用外部场能的激励方法、内部集成激励元件的方法和基于底座激励的方法.具体介绍了声波激励、超声激励、静电激励、磁激励、电热激励、光热激励和压电激励等具体激励方式的原理及其特点,并对各种激励方法的特点进行了比较和分析.     

铁磁构件应力分布的有限元分析和力磁效应研究

针对目前对磁记忆定量检测技术研究处于起步阶段,还没能给出可用的理论关系式的问题,利用ANSYS有限元仿真软件,对受力的含裂纹平板构件应力分布情况进行仿真分析。对比仿真解和解析解,验证仿真的准确性。在研究外界载荷与构件表面应力分布关系的基础上,利用力磁学的相关知识从能量的角度推出了构件处于弹性阶段时应力与磁导率之间的数值关系,为下一步金属磁记忆定量评估技术研究奠定了理论基础。     

拉伸载荷下金属磁记忆信号盒维数的变化规律研究

为研究载荷与磁记忆特征信号之间的量化关系,以API 5L X70管线钢为研究对象,首先利用分形理论对金属磁记忆信号的分形特性进行了分析,证明金属磁记忆信号是一种无规则分形信号;然后对不同载荷下的磁记忆特征信号的盒维数进行研究,得出随着载荷的增加,金属磁记忆特征信号的盒维数减小的规律.为利用金属磁记忆检测技术评价铁磁构件的受力状态提供了一种有效的方法.     

弯曲变形下Q235横梁的磁记忆特征

本研究对三点弯曲试验后的Q235横梁钢试件进行磁记忆信号检测,总结了弹性阶段内构件前后两次在脱离载荷后的法向、切向磁信号分布特征,分析了磁场与弹性应力之间的关系。结果表明:若试件内部存在明显的缺陷或应力集中,切向磁记忆信号H_p(x)有着很强的响应,并且其值会随着载荷的变化呈现一定的正相关性。对于弯曲受载的构件,脱离载荷后构件表面能够"记忆"之前所达到的某种应力状态,并且通过所记忆的磁场信号能够对试件表面存在的缺陷位置做出判断,即沿信号采集方向切向磁场H_p(x)在应力集中位置两侧呈现波峰和波谷状态,法向磁场H_p(y)在应力集中位置两侧磁场发生翻转。     

X80管线钢不同缺陷类型的磁记忆检测试验研究

为探究X80管线钢不同缺陷类型的力磁耦合特性,设计了平板试件与穿孔、边缘切槽3种不同试件,通过金属磁记忆检测方法对X80管线钢试件不同缺陷类型的磁记忆信号特征进行了试验研究.采用材料试验机对试件导入不同程度的塑性损伤与应力集中,通过光学应变测量系统获取试件表面的实时应变情况,同时采用磁记忆检测仪对试件表面诱发磁场的法向分量与切向分量进行卸载离线检测.结果表明:随着塑性损伤程度的增加,无缺陷试件的磁记忆信号法向分量与切向分量从平缓趋向波动,但未出现明显的峰值;含穿孔与切槽试件磁记忆信号法向分量在缺陷处出现过零点与反对称双峰,切向分量出现单峰值,并且渐趋明显.初步探究了X80管线钢塑性损伤与磁记忆信号之间的关联性,为油气管道塑性损伤程度的无损定量评价奠定了基础.     

An experimental study of passive regenerator geometries

Active magnetic regenerative (AMR) systems are being investigated because they represent a potentially attractive alternative to vapor compression technology. The performance of these systems is dependent on the heat transfer and pressure drop performance of the regenerator geometry. Therefore this article studies the effects of regenerator geometry on performance for flat plate regenerators. This paper investigates methods of improving the performance of flat plate regenerators for use in AMR systems and studies how manufacturing variation affects regenerator performance. In order to eliminate experimental uncertainty associated with magnetocaloric material properties, all regenerators are made of aluminum. The performance of corrugated plates and dimpled plates are compared to traditional flat plate regenerators for a range of cycle times and utilizations. Each regenerator is built using 18 aluminum plates with a 0.4 mm thickness, which allows their performance to be compared directly.     

MHD flow over a moving flat plate with a step change in the magnetic field

Summary The boundary layer flow over a moving continuous flat plate in an electrically conducting ambient fluid with a step change in the applied magnetic field is considered. The governing equations are solved numerically using the Keller box method. It is shown that the skin friction decreases as the magnetic parameter increases.     

碳素钢在不同应力作用下的漏磁场分布特征

选取45#钢平板缺口试样进行拉伸实验,在线测量各组试样在不同拉伸载荷时的试样表面漏磁场分布;同时利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对各组试样在不同拉伸载荷下的应力分布进行有限元分析,并提取应力分布结果.分析了试样表面漏磁场分布与应力分布之间的关系以及应力对磁记忆信号的影响;在磁记忆特征值提取方面,利用传统的磁场梯度K值可以有效检验应力集中部位,同时本文提出一种新的基于磁记忆信号能量的检测特征值,实验证明可以通过此特征值对试样的安全性做出检测及评估.     

Investigation of a high-frequency discharge initiated across a hypersonic air flow and a magnetic field

Burning of a high-frequency (HF) discharge initiated across a hypersonic air flow and a magnetic field, as well as accompanying effects, is investigated experimentally. The essential influence of the HF discharge in the magnetic field near a flat plate on the conditions of flowing around the model, particularly on the configuration of attached compression shocks, is shown.     

Conjugate MHD flow past a flat plate

Summary A boundary layer solution for the conjugate forced convection flow of an electrically conducting fluid over a semi-infinite flat plate in the presence of a transverse magnetic field is presented. The governing nonsimilar partial differential equations are solved numerically using the Keller box method. Values of the temperature profiles of the plate are obtained for various values of the parameters entering the problem and are given in a table and shown on graphs.     

The dynamic analysis of a flat plate under a moving load by the finite element method

The object of this paper is to analyse by the finite element method the dynamic responses of a flat plate subjected to various moving loads. First of all the actual continuous flat plate was replaced by a discrete system composed of isoparametric rectangular plate elements. And then the elementary and overall stiffness and mass matrices were determined and the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the flat plate were solved. Next, the Newmark direct integration method was used to find the dynamic responses of the flat plate. The effects of eccentricity, acceleration and initial velocity of the moving load, and the effect of span length were the key points of study. The dynamic behaviour of a multi-span flat plate supported by the beam members of rigid plane frames and subjected to the action of a series of moving loads (in identical or opposite directions) were also investigated.     

湍流边界层激励下平板振动响应相似性研究

对流激平板的振动试验设计与响应预报作了分析与探讨。验证了湍流脉动压力自功率的归一化方法在不同流体介质间的适用性。对平板流激响应,考虑流体负载并采用模态叠加法进行计算。通过原始模型与缩比模型响应之间的对比,提出一种平板响应间的换算方法。换算结果表明,该方法可以实现同种介质湍流边界层激励下的平板响应之间的换算。对不同外流场介质的平板流激响应,用该方法可实现理论上的换算。该研究结果对水下结构物流激响应预报有实际意义。     

Magnetic field-induced strain and magnetoelectric effects in sandwich composite of ferromagnetic shape memory Ni-Mn-Ga crystal and piezoelectric PVDF polymer

A sandwich composite consisting of one layer of ferromagnetic shape memory Ni-Mn-Ga crystal plate bonded between two layers of piezoelectric PVDF polymer film was fabricated, and its magnetic field-induced strain (MFIS) and magnetoelectric (ME) effects were investigated, together with a monolithic Ni-Mn-Ga crystal, as functions of magnetic fields and mechanical load. The load-free dc- and ac-MFISs were 0.35 and 0.05% in the composite, and 5.6 and 0.3% in the monolithic crystal, respectively. The relatively smaller load-free MFISs in the composite than the monolithic crystal resulted from the clamping of martensitic twin-boundary motion in the Ni-Mn-Ga plate by the PVDF films. The largest ME coefficient (α(E)) was 0.58 V/cm·Oe at a magnetic bias field (H(Bias)) of 8.35 kOe under load-free condition. The mechanism of the ME effect originated from the mechanically mediated MFIS effect in the Ni-Mn-Ga plate and piezoelectric effect in the PVDF films. The measured α(E)-H(Bias) responses under different loads showed good agreement with the model prediction.     

Hall effects on magnetohydrodynamic free convection about a semi-infinite vertical flat plate

A theoretical analysis is presented for the problem of free convection flow of a conducting fluid along a semi-infinite vertical flat plate when the fluid is permeated by a transverse magnetic field and the Hall effects are taken into account. The derived fundamental equations on the assumption of small magnetic Reynolds number are solved numerically by employing the difference-differential method in combination with the Simpson's rule. The velocity and temperature profiles as well as the local Nusselt number are computed for various values of the Hall and magnetic parameters. The results are compared with those known from the literature.