Multichannel AM video transmission using a high-power Nd:YAG laserand linearized external modulator

A high-power Nd:YAG laser with a linearized external modulator-based system is demonstrated for a transmission of 50 channels of vestigal sideband amplitude modulated (VSM AM) video. The 1320-nm diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser is an attractive source for AM video transmission due to the high output power (~200 mW) and low relative intensity noise (<-170 dB/Hz). However, the required external modulator generates third-order distortion products, which limit the performance of such a system. A predistortion linearization technique is described. It reduces the modulator generated third-order distortion products by 16.4 dB, allowing a modulation index of 3.37% per channel. When combined with the Nd:YAG laser, this yields a 50-channel video transmission system with a 12 dB optical power budget for video carrier-to-noise ratios of 52 dB and composite distortion products (CSO and CTB) of less than -60 dBc. The demonstrated power budget is sufficient to allow four-way power splitting, with the remaining margin comparable to the test results obtained with DFB (distributed-feedback) laser-based AM transmission systems     

Optimizing Optical Transmitters and Receivers for Transmitting Multichannel Video Signals Using Laser Diodes

Analog transmission using laser diodes is quite attractive for transmitting multiplexed video signals, owing to the wide modulation bandwidth of laser diodes. Optimizations for transmitting color-TV signals (7 channel frequency division multiplexed) in the VHF band using buried heterostructure laser diodes are investigated. The major transmission objectives are a carrier to noise ratio of larger than 48 dB and intermodulation products of less than -55 dB. Design curves for minimizing distortion at the transmitter are demonstrated. A modulation index of 70 percent is shown to be capable of attaining the objective. Both the avalanche photodiode (APD) and the pinphotodiode (PD) are considered for use in the receiving amplifier. Minimum receiving power of -11 dBm obtained with the PD receiver is in good agreement with theoretical values. Deterioration of signal to noise ratio due to fiber guided transmissions is also reviewed in comparison with aerial transmissions.     

Low noise characteristics of a GaAs-AlGaAs multiple-quantum-wellsemiconductor laser amplifier

Low noise characteristics are experimentally demonstrated in a multiple-quantum-well laser amplifier. The measured noise figure of a GaAs-AlGaAs traveling-wave laser amplifier at a 20 dB signal gain was found to be 4.6 dB. This is the smallest value reported for semiconductor laser amplifiers. A signal gain of 20 dB was obtained at a low bias current of 23.5 mA     

基于飞秒激光直写FBG的C+L波段掺铒光纤激光器

提出并设计了一种基于飞秒激光直写制备光纤布拉格光栅阵列的C+L波段掺铒光纤激光器,实现了波长可切换的单波长及双波长激光输出。采用飞秒激光透过聚酰亚胺光纤保护层在纤芯直写的方法,分别实现周期为538、542、547 nm的光纤布拉格光栅刻写,单个光栅栅区长度3 000 m。作为选频器件的光栅阵列反射波长分别为1 555.5、1 569.6、1 583.8 nm;选用长度为3 m的C波段和10 m的L波段掺铒光纤组合作为激光器增益介质,结合泵浦源、光纤布拉格光栅偏振控制器及宽带全反镜构成线形腔结构光纤激光器。实验结果表明:激光器工作阈值为35 mW,通过调节偏振控制器能够实现1 555.4、1 569、1 583.2 nm单波长激光可切换输出,激光3 dB线宽0.05 nm,边模抑制比大于35 dB;实验中分别对单波长激光的光谱稳定性进行了测试,10 min内最大功率波动小于0.98 dB;通过调节偏振控制器可分别实现1 569、1 583.2 nm以及1 555.4、1 569 nm双波长激光同时输出,在10 min监测时间内,输出激光功率变化分别小于1.14 dB和4.48 dB。     

基于重叠光栅的双波长掺铒光子晶体光纤激光器

提出了一种基于光纤重叠光栅的双波长光子晶体光纤激光器。激光器采用线形腔结构,掺铒光子晶体光纤为激光器的增益介质,反射率均高于99%的光纤重叠光栅用作激光器的波长选择器件。基于增益均衡技术,抑制谐振腔内的模式竞争,在室温下获得了稳定的双波长激光同时输出。实验结果表明:其3 dB线宽小于0.02 nm,30 dB线宽小于0.25 nm,SMSR为54.34 dB,双波长激光的中心波长间隔为0.932 nm。该双波长激光器输出的双波长激光具有较好的稳定性。     

Optical fibre up-taper back-reflector for laser transmitterevaluation

Evaluation of reflection effects on semiconductor laser transmitters is complicated by multipath interference, which causes degradations in bit-error-rate and is independent of laser isolation. The authors have constructed a variable back-reflector utilising optical fibre up-tapers, which eliminates multipath interference effects by reducing spurious reflection levels to below -50 dB. Reflection levels of -50 dB to -16.5 dB into the laser cavity are possible. Results of measurements of reflection effects on several multilongitudinal mode 1.3 μm lasers operating at 1.7 Gbit/s are shown     

A switchable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on Sagnac loop inserted with two FBGs

A novel switchable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber （EDF） laser is demonstrated. The wavelength selection ele- ment consists of two fiber Bragg gratings （FBGs）, a polarization controller （PC） and a 3 dB coupler forming a Sagnac loop inserted with two FBGs. We study the effect of coupling ratio on filtering performance in this paper. By adjusting PC, we can change the wavelength-dependent loss, and then using nonlinear polarization rotation effect to suppress the mode competition caused by the homogeneous broadening of EDF, we obtain single- and double-wavelength laser outputs. At room temperature, under 200 mW pump power, dual-wavelength laser is achieved, and the center wave- lengths are 1545.34 nm and 1548.20 nm, respectively. The peak power values are -13.36 dBm and -14.58 dBm, and side mode suppression ratios （SMSRs） are 41.10 dB and 39.88 dB, respectively. Within two hours, the maximum fluctuation of peak power is less than 0.7 dB, which shows that the demonstrated fiber laser is stable. Moreover, by adjusting PC, singel-wavelength laser output is obtained, the peak power is -6.27 dBm or -5.45 dBm, and SMSR is 40.03 dB or 39.96 dB at 1545.34 nm or 1548.20 nm, respectively.     

Low noise single frequency linear fibre laser

The low frequency noise characteristics of a single frequency fibre laser with and without noise suppression are presented. With no thermal or mechanical isolation, the peak RMS relaxation oscillation at 182 kHz was 82.1 dB/Hz below the DC laser level without feedback and 112.1 dB/Hz below the DC laser level with feedback.<>     

半导体抽运Nd:YAG激光器强度噪声抑制的研究

为了降低半导体抽运固体激光器的弛豫振荡噪声,提高其输出功率的稳定性,采用光电负反馈的方法来抑制半导体抽运的固体激光器的强度噪声,并对激光器强度噪声的理论特性进行了分析。根据理论分析结果设计了比例-积分-微分反馈控制电路,通过运用该反馈电路对激光器进行强度噪声抑制实验,得到了比较理想的实验数据,即当抽运功率为700mW、弛豫振荡峰频率为300kHz时,弛豫振荡峰值处和低频区域强度噪声分别降低了45dB和15dB;当抽运功率为550mW、弛豫振荡峰值为250kHz时,弛豫振荡峰值处和低频区域强度噪声分别降低了40dB和10dB。结果表明,该反馈控制电路能够有效地降低半导体抽运固体激光器的强度噪声,提高激光器输出功率的稳定性。     

Injection locking of a 1.3 ?m laser diode to an LiNdP4O12 laser yields narrow linewidth emission

A multi-longitudinal-mode InGaAsP laser diode was injection-locked to a low-power LiNdP4O12 laser operating at 1.319 ?m. A net gain of 24 dB was measured with ?28 dBm of injection power. The beat spectrum between the acousto-optically frequency-shifted LiNdP4O12 laser output and the laser diode output displays a 40 dB carrier to pedestal ratio (in 300 kHz bandwidth) under these conditions.     

Optical coupler for laser redundancy system

Experimental results are described for a new optical coupler, which consists of two laser diodes, two GRIN spherical rod lenses, a polarised filter and a single-mode fibre, and employs laser diode polarisation characteristics for an optical submarine transmission laser redundancy system. This optical coupler has two channels at a 1.3 ?m wavelength. Optical coupler loss, which includes coupling loss, polarisation loss and assembly loss, is 4.9 dB for laser diode 1, and 5.2 dB for laser diode 2.     

CO2laser annealing of Si3N4, Nb2O5, and Ta2O5thin-film optical waveguides to achieve scattering loss reduction

Significant reductions in the optical scattering losses of Si3N4, Nb2O5, and Ta2O5waveguides fabricated on SiO2/Si substrates have been measured following CO2laser annealing. The largest improvements were observed for Si3N4waveguides, where waveguide attenuation values of about 6.0 dB/cm before laser annealing were reduced to as low as 0.1 dB/cm afterwards. An improvement of more than an order of magnitude was obtained for a Nb2O5waveguide upon laser annealing, the attenuation coefficient decreasing from 7.4 to 0.6 dB/cm. In the case of one Nb2O5waveguide no improvement was obtained upon laser annealing. The attenuation coefficient of a reactively sputtered Ta2O5waveguide was found to decrease from 1.3 dB/cm before laser annealing to 0.4 dB/cm afterwards. In the case of a thermally oxidized Ta2O5waveguide a small initial improvement in waveguide attenuation was followed by degradation upon further laser annealing.     

基于M-Z滤波的波长可调谐掺铒光纤随机激光器

提出了一种基于M-Z结构的可调谐掺铒光纤随机激光器,并对随机激光输出过程、随机激光的波长可调谐输出以及随机激光的稳定性进行了实验研究。通过采用光纤熔接手段将两个2×2光纤耦合器进行熔接,构成全光纤M-Z滤波结构。实验结果表明,激光器的阈值功率为120mW,调整可调谐衰减器改变增益损耗,实现波长可调谐输出,其中单波长输出分别为1554.4,1555.2和1556.3nm,信噪比达到31.65dB;双波长输出分别为1525.9,1556.2和1531.6,1556.2nm,信噪比优于21.92dB;三波长输出分别为1527.4,1546.9,1551.6和1526.9,1530.0,1549.8nm,信噪比优于20.10dB;四波长输出为1525.9,1530.1,1547.9和1552.3nm,信噪比优于18.95dB;其中单波长和双波长的功率波动分别优于1.65和1.99dB;激光器斜率效率为0.627%。     

Multichannel AM-VSB television signal transmission using anerbium-doped optical fiber power amplifier

The use of an erbium-doped optical fiber power amplifier in a multichannel amplitude-modulated vestigial-sideband CATV transmission system for potential subscriber loop applications is discussed. Using a color-center laser pump at 1.48 μm, a fiber-to-fiber gain of 11.5 dB (at 1.539 μm), which is 10 dB compressed from the small-signal gain, and a total system power margin of 15 dB were achieved. No intermodulation distortion was introduced by the fiber amplifier. The received video SNR of 40-46 dB was limited by the linearity of the distributed-feedback laser diode used     

1064 nm脉冲激光前置放大器研究

采用级联波分复用的泵浦耦合方式,对平均功率0.5 mW、脉宽20 ns、重复频率50 kHz的小信号纳秒脉冲进行单模放大,采用分段泵浦技术,优化两级泵浦功率值,获得了平均功率26 mW,信噪比25 dB的脉冲输出,相应增益为17.1 dB。为高功率放大提供了性能优良的脉冲种子源。     

Six-wavelength Raman fibre laser for C- and L-band Ramanamplification and dynamic gain flattening

A novel six-wavelength Raman fibre laser exhibiting a dynamic gain flattening capability in the C + L optical telecommunications band is demonstrated. The power distribution in the six lasing wavelengths is adjusted with voltage-controlled Bragg-grating output couplers. The fibre laser was used as a pump source for distributed Raman amplification in several transmission span lengths. For example, the multiwavelength laser provides an on/off gain of 19 dB over a 100 km span of True-Wave RS optical fibre. The measured gain flatness is 1.7 dB peak-peak and the effective noise figure ranges from 1.6 to -5.2 dB in the 1530 to 1600 nm bandwidth     

A Four‐Channel Laser Array with Four 10 Gbps Monolithic EAMs Each Integrated with a DBR Laser

A distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser and a high speed electroabsorption modulator (EAM) are integrated on the basis of the selective area growth technique. The typical threshold current is 4 to 6 mA, and the side mode suppression ratio is over 40 dB with single mode operation at 1550 nm. The DBR laser exhibits 2.5 to 3.3 mW fiber output power at a laser gain current of 100 mA, and a modulator bias voltage of 0 V. The 3 dB bandwidth is 13 GHz. A 10 Gbps non‐return to zero operation with 12 dB extinction ratio is obtained. A four‐channel laser array with 100 GHz wavelength spacing was fabricated and its operation at the designed wavelength was confirmed.     

A stabilized and tunable erbium-doped fiber ring laser with double optical filter

We have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a stabilized and tunable erbium-doped fiber ring laser by using a Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser and a fiber Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot filter. The sidemode suppression ratio of >30 dB/0.1 nm and the output power of >2.2 dBm can be achieved while this ring laser is tuned from 1528.28 to 1559.64 nm with the step of 1.12 nm. The wavelength variation of less than 0.01 nm and the power fluctuation of /spl les/0.04 dB have also been obtained. When the constant output power is controlled by adjusting the bias current of 980-nm pump laser, the power variation of less than /spl plusmn/0.05 dB can be obtained over the entire tunable range.     

Assessment of laser noise influence on direct-detection transmission system performance

A new semi-analytical method of estimating the influence of laser noise on directly modulated direct-detection transmission system performance is proposed. Its accuracy is assessed for different propagation situations and receiver noise type dominance using rigorous mixed semi-analytical simulation. Two different relative intensity noise (RIN) powers at receiver input associated with the two laser currents of the binary levels are considered, and not just a single one corresponding to the laser average current as in other published works. It is shown that, to perform rigorous simulation, suitable methods of solving stochastic laser rate equations should be used, and a number of samples high enough in order to stabilize the sensitivity estimator should be considered. It has been found that, for power penalties of about 1 dB, more than 150 samples may be necessary. For a power penalty due to laser noise of about 4.5 dB, discrepancies not exceeding 0.4 dB are observed between the results obtained using the new semi-analytical approach and using the rigorous simulation. It is shown that the new semi-analytical approach gives more precise results than other approach currently used. For a power penalty due to laser noise not exceeding 2 dB, the discrepancies between the two approaches can reach roughly 1 dB. It is shown that these discrepancies can increase with the laser linewidth. Explicit expressions for system power penalty due to the RIN at the fiber output are presented, for both signal-independent and -dependent noise dominance. It is shown that these expressions give good upper bounds of the real power penalties.     

Wavelength-switchable erbium-doped fiber ring laser using spectral polarization-dependent loss element

We propose a wavelength-switchable erbium-doped fiber ring laser that uses a spectral polarization-dependent loss element. The element was fabricated by inscribing a long-period grating on a polarization-maintaining fiber. Dual-wavelength switching operation was accomplished by rotating the polarization plane of the fiber laser cavity. The amplitude variation of both laser lines was measured to be less than 1 dB and the signal-to-amplified spontaneous emission ratio was more than /spl sim/40 dB.