枣柿混合发酵蒸馏酒品质分析

以磨盘柿鲜果与新疆骏枣为原料按照不同比例发酵蒸馏生产50 o左右的混合蒸馏酒,在蒸馏酒发酵过程中测定可溶性固形物和发酵罐中pH的变化。通过对蒸馏酒进行感官评价,并采用GC-MS联用分析技术,对枣柿混合发酵蒸馏酒中挥发性芳香物质进行系统分析,确定枣柿酒香气的主要特征组成成分,对枣柿混合发酵蒸馏酒进行综合品质评价。结果表明,柿子蒸馏酒中分离鉴定出的香气成分物质13种,其中酯类4种、醇类7种、醛类1种、酸类1种;枣柿混合发酵蒸馏酒分离鉴定出香气成分物质17种,包括酯类7种、醇类8种、醛类1种、酸类1种,其中癸酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯、9-十六碳烯酸乙酯是混合蒸馏酒特有成分。枣柿混合发酵蒸馏酒可弥补柿子蒸馏酒涩味重、酒体平淡、单宁含量过高的缺点,其中枣含量为75%的枣柿蒸馏酒口感最好,酒精度53.8%vol,总酸0.07 g/L,总酯0.12 g/L,且该蒸馏酒香气浓郁、色泽鲜明、澄清透明,具有浓浓的枣果香味。     

酵母菌株及陈酿时间对贵人香起泡葡萄酒品质的影响

瓶内二次发酵及带酒泥陈酿是生产优质起泡葡萄酒的传统工艺操作。试验研究了QA23,EC1118和DV10酵母所得贵人香起泡葡萄酒在陈酿过程中起泡特性、理化指标及香气成分的变化。结果表明,陈酿过程中酒样起泡特性提高,残糖、蛋白和总黄酮含量下降,α-氨基酸、多糖和总酚含量升高,香气物质的整体强度及果香味下降,花香及酵母香味升高。其中,QA23酒样的瓶内压力及泡沫持久性较好,EC1118和DV10酒样的泡沫最大高度和泡沫稳定高度较好。除DV10酒样蛋白和多糖含量以及QA23酒样总酸含量较高外,其他成分变化差异不显著。此外,QA23酒样中酯类和萜烯类物质含量较高,花香果香味浓郁;EC1118酒样和DV10酒样中高级醇和其他类化合物含量分别较高,发酵味和烤面包味较为浓郁,三种酵母分别适于芳香型和中性葡萄品种起泡葡萄酒的酿造。     

不同酵母提升霞多丽葡萄酒品质的对比分析

本文研究了CEC01、EC1118、Str不同酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)对霞多丽酿酒葡萄品质的影响。霞多丽酿酒葡萄经过采摘、分选、除梗、压榨、成分调整、静置、活化酵母(CEC01、EC1118、Str)、酒精发酵、分离倒罐、澄清、密闭储存传统酿造工艺酿造,进行感官评价,检测分析常规理化指标、香气物质。结果表明,酿酒酵母CEC01酿造葡萄酒感官质量总分82.00分高于酿酒酵母EC1118、Str总分。说明CEC01酿造的葡萄酒感官质量较佳。酿酒酵母CEC01酿造的霞多丽干白葡萄酒的残糖为1.50g/L低于酿酒酵母EC1118、Str残糖,酒精度为12.90%vol高于酿酒酵母EC1118、Str酒精度。酿酒酵母CEC01发酵过程中平均总酸、平均总酚含量呈降低趋势,说明其在降酸方面发挥着重要作用。酿酒酵母CEC01酿造葡萄酒醇类香气物质相对含量为62.83%,酸类香气物质相对含量为1.45%,酯类香气物质相对含量为35.68%。酿酒酵母EC1118、Str酿造葡萄酒醇类香气物质相对含量为75.48%、78.62%,酸类香气物质相对含量为2.33%、1.58%,酯类香气物质相对含量为22.17%、19.73%,CEC01葡萄酒感官质量最佳。     

蓝莓白兰地酿造工艺条件的研究

以蓝莓作为水果白兰地发酵的原料,采用白兰地发酵工艺流程,考察发酵酒中的理化指标,主要为酒精度、总糖、总酸、总酯、微量成分等。蓝莓白兰地发酵工艺条件的研究结果表明,采用新鲜蓝莓自然发酵工艺可显著提高蓝莓原白兰地中的总酸、总酯含量,其中EC1118酵母发酵的蓝莓原白兰地中的总酸、总酯高于其他酵母组。在该酵母的基础上,以总酸、总酯为指标考察发酵温度、蒸馏方式对蓝莓白兰地品质的影响;实验结果表明,18℃低温发酵有利于提高白兰地品质,同时温度对乙醛、乙缩醛、异丁醇的含量影响显著(P0.05);帯酒脚蒸馏能提高总酯的含量,添加铜粉可降低总酸和乙缩醛的含量,降幅分别为13.52%和5.03%。     

不同蒸馏方法制备黄酒蒸馏酒的成分比较

以黄酒为基酒,分别采用夏朗德壶式蒸馏器和精馏塔对其进行蒸馏处理制备蒸馏酒,并对2种蒸馏方式的蒸馏效率及制备的蒸馏酒中高级醇、风味物质及氨基甲酸乙酯(EC)含量进行分析。实验结果表明,与黄酒(基酒)相比较,2种蒸馏方式获蒸馏酒样中的酯类数量、总酯和醛含量均增加,高级醇和乙酸含量降低;与精馏塔蒸馏相比,夏朗德壶式蒸馏的蒸馏效率较高,EC的增加量较少,酒中各风味物质增加量较为均衡,酒体较为协同,提高了其饮用的舒适度。     

蜂蜜玫瑰酒的制备工艺研究

利用蔗糖蜂蜜为原料,采用纯种发酵技术,经蒸馏制备蜂蜜玫瑰酒。通过单因素试验选择发酵菌株,确定糖的比例,料液比,酵母接种量、发酵时间,最终建立蜂蜜玫瑰酒的制备工艺。蜂蜜玫瑰酒口感柔和,玫瑰香气独特怡人,且有一定保健功能的新型蒸馏酒。     

SPME-GC-MS分析不同商业葡萄酒酵母香气物质合成的差异性

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气质联用法(GC-MS)分析了4株常用商业葡萄酒酵母的挥发性香气成分。对酵母代谢的19种香气成分进行定性定量分析,菌株CY3079具有较高的高级醇生成能力,其中异戊醇和2-苯乙醇的合成均高于其它酵母菌株。D254酵母具有较高的酯类和挥发酸类合成能力,其中乙酸乙酯和乙酸对酵母D254总酯和总挥发酸的含量贡献较大。EC1118高级醇生成量最低,但是具有较高的乙酸-2-苯乙酯生成能力。RC212酒样具有较低的酯类和挥发酸。感官品评试验表明,D254酒样的果香比较明显;CY3079酒样的刺激性大于其它菌株;EC1118酒样花香比较突出。     

‘桂葡3号’葡萄皮渣蒸馏酒香气特征分析

研究桂葡3号葡萄压榨皮渣发酵蒸馏酒香气特征。桂葡3号压榨皮渣添加不同比例水和糖,进行发酵蒸馏,得到蒸馏酒,以顶空-固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用对蒸馏酒挥发性成分进行定性定量分析,应用香气活性值(OAV)法对活性和特征香气成分进行鉴定,得到不同水添加量蒸馏酒香气特征差异。结果表明:桂葡3号葡萄压榨皮渣经过发酵蒸馏,得到具有较高香气品质的蒸馏酒,特征香气成分有己酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、巴豆酸乙酯、大马士酮、丁酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯和癸酸乙酯,构成桂葡3号皮渣蒸馏酒果、甜、花、奶酪和酒香的香气特征。根据挥发性成分总量和特征香气成分分析结果,皮渣添加2倍水经过发酵蒸馏获得最佳香气品质的蒸馏酒。     

甘蔗酒酿造酵母的筛选

选择常用商业果酒酵母菌株KD、DV10、Q23、EC1118、安琪和H7Y7作为供试酵母菌株,以川蔗17为原料发酵生产甘蔗酒,通过分析发酵液中糖含量变化情况及酒精度、澄清度,比较不同菌株发酵特性,结果发现EC1118菌株发酵彻底,产酒能力最强,发酵后甘蔗酒的高级醇含量最低;H7Y7菌株发酵的甘蔗酒中酯类物质最高,为其他菌株的3～6倍;安琪酵母发酵液最易澄清,但其发酵后的甘蔗酒中甲醇含量为其他菌株的5倍以上。感官评分结果显示,不同酵母菌株发酵的甘蔗酒感官评分依次为H7Y7EC1118DV10安琪酵母Q23KD。研究结果表明,供试酵母菌株中EC1118和H7Y7更适宜用于甘蔗酒酿造。     

发酵型油橄榄果酒及其香气成分剖析

利用油橄榄果渣发酵、蒸馏得到蒸馏液,并以陈酿油橄榄发酵酒为基酒进行勾兑,得到一款口感丰满、香气浓郁的新酒。利用GC-MS对三种酒样进行香气成分分析,检测出50种香气成分,结果表明:油橄榄果渣与果汁中香气成分存在差异,果渣蒸馏酒香气成分更加丰富,且对新酒影响更多。     

优良苹果蒸馏酒酵母菌株的筛选

以苹果浆发酵的苹果蒸馏酒为研究对象,采用实验室保藏及购买的10株酵母(W1、W2、W3、H1、H2、H3、7#、LY、G1、G2)为备选菌株,通过系统的对比试验和结果评价,筛选出一株最佳的苹果蒸馏酒生产用酵母菌7#,其发酵的原酒酒精度可达13.8%vol,蒸馏后具有典型的苹果蒸馏酒风味。     

A comparison of the influence of eight commercial yeast strains on the chemical and sensory profiles of freshly distilled Chinese brandy

The current study examined eight commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains [Lalvin ICV‐D80, Lalvin FC9 EDV, Lalvin QA23, Lalvin RHST, Uvaferm 43, Enoferm Burgundy (BGY), Lalvin EC1118 and Lalvin M69] for their influence on young brandies, with a special emphasis on chemical, volatile and sensory characteristics. Results of the chemical analysis of the fermented wines showed that all of the strains exhibited a similar performance for ethanol production, but titratable acidity was more variable, with the highest being found in the yeast BGY‐derived wine and the lowest in the yeast QA23‐derived wine. Spirits produced using yeast FC9 EDV showed a significantly higher content of volatile alcohols, esters and acids, and conveyed to the brandy typical fruity and rosy notes. Brandies derived using yeast Uvaferm 43 presented the highest content of total benzene compounds and this brandy was characterized by rosy and onion attributes. Higher levels of varietal compounds and a medium rosy and slightly acidic and rancid nuances were produced when yeast QA23 was used. When using principal component analysis to classify the samples, there were four groups: group 1 ( ICV‐D80, Uvaferm 43 and BGY), group 2 (FC9 EDV), group 3 (QA23, RHST and EC1118) and group 4 (M69). This work sheds some light on the flavour complexity owing to the use of different commercial yeasts and provides useful information for the brandy‐maker regarding the choice of yeast for the fermentation based on the volatile profile. Copyright © 2012 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

Differential synthesis of fermentative aroma compounds of two related commercial wine yeast strains

The specific impact of the yeast strain on the wine flavour and aroma has not been well characterised yet because this effect is usually combined with other variables during the winemaking. In this study, the contribution to wine flavour of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains widely used in wine production, VIN13 and EC1118, was evaluated after fermentation at 15 °C. Chemical defined grape juice media fermented with the EC1118 strain showed higher solvent, fatty and pineapple aroma attributes, while that fermented with the VIN13 strain exhibited higher banana, fruity, yeasty and green attributes. Sensorial and chemical analyses evidenced that the production of flavour-active compounds is significantly affected by the yeast strain, as well as by the temperature of fermentation, as shown by comparing the former data with those from fermentations carried out at 28 °C under identical culture conditions.     

不同蒸馏工艺的桑葚白兰地原酒品质比较分析

该试验以桑葚白兰地发酵酒为原料,采用二次蒸馏的方法对桑葚白兰地发酵酒进行蒸馏,并分别测定两次馏出液的酒精度、甲醇和高级醇含量。在此基础上,通过感官品评、气相色谱-质谱联用的技术重点研究第二次蒸馏的不同摘酒组合方式对桑葚白兰地原酒品质的影响,确定桑葚白兰地的最适蒸馏工艺。结果表明,在两次蒸馏过程中,酒精度和甲醇、高级醇含量都随蒸馏的进行呈下降趋势。以挥发性风味物质、甲醇和高级醇含量和感官品评为评价指标,在四个不同摘酒组合中,C3组合（馏出液的3~7段）的综合评价最高,其酒精度为59.5%vol、甲醇质量浓度为170.94 mg/L、高级醇质量浓度为745.26 mg/L,酒体澄清透明、香味协调、风格明显。最终确定桑葚白兰地原酒的最佳工艺为C3组合：进行两次蒸馏,第二次馏出液为第一次馏出液的68.75%,摘取二次馏出液的3~7段,该研究以期为高品质桑葚白兰地的酿造奠定基础。     

两种酿酒酵母混合发酵对赤霞珠干红葡萄酒香气成分的影响

以酵母F15单独发酵为对照,分别添加不同比例的酵母EC1118和F15（1∶9、3∶7和5∶5）混合发酵酿制赤霞珠干红葡萄酒,测定其 基本理化指标,采用搅拌棒吸附萃取（SBSE）和气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术提取检测葡萄酒中的香气成分,并进行主成分分析 （PCA）。 结果表明,酵母EC1118和F15混合发酵酿制的葡萄酒的理化指标均符合国家标准GB/T 15037—2006《葡萄酒》,香气成分中 的酯类、醇类和酸类等物质的含量均有所增加。与酵母F15单独发酵相比,酵母EC1118和F15（3∶7）混合发酵可以显著提高赤霞珠干红 葡萄酒的酒精度,增加香气成分（P＜0.05）,增强葡萄酒的果香和花香。     

酵母及原料品种对猕猴桃酒挥发性成分的影响

以3种(红阳、徐香、金艳)猕猴桃为原料,分别接种EC1118单菌株,EC1118与FLAVIA双菌株进行发酵,利用顶空固相微萃取技术和气相-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对陈酿3个月的酒样进行测定,分析酵母和原料品种对猕猴桃酒挥发性成分的影响。结果表明,6种猕猴桃酒共鉴定出88种挥发性成分,这些物质主要是醇类、酯类以及酸类。其中,EC1118单菌株发酵制得的红阳、金艳、徐香猕猴桃酒分别检测出62种、52种、44种挥发性成分,共有成分32种;EC1118与FLAVIA双菌株发酵制得的红阳、金艳、徐香猕猴桃酒分别检测出66种、61种、53种挥发性成分,共有成分35种。双菌株产生的挥发性成分总量更高,红阳、金艳、徐香3种酒样挥发性成分总量分别为412.22、301.53、336.77 μg/L。红阳猕猴桃酒检出的挥发性成分种类高于金艳猕猴桃酒,而徐香猕猴桃酒的种类最少。因此,红阳及双菌种发酵制得的猕猴桃酒的风味更好。     

Yeast viability during fermentation and sur lie ageing of a defined medium and subsequent growth of Oenococcus oeni

Interactions between the yeast strain used for primary oenological fermentation and the bacterium used to conduct subsequent malolactic fermentation were studied under model winemaking conditions. A commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast (strains, EC 1118, AWRI 835 and CY-3079) was grown in a defined medium whose composition approximated grape juice. Fermentations by all strains reached dryness, and retained a cell viability of greater than 90% upon completion of fermentation. Highest total viable cell number and percentage of viable cells were recorded for EC 1118. A sur lie ageing of the fermented medium over a 12 week period revealed a bi-phasic decay of culture viability for all strains. Thus 99% of cells had died within 2 weeks post-fermentation. Viabilities were then stable for the subsequent 4–6 week period before a second decline phase ensued and ended in either a minimal ( ca 100 CFU/mL, EC 1118) or no viable cells being detected at 12 weeks of ageing. The growth response of an Oenococcus oeni inoculum to yeast culture supernatants, previously aged for up to 12 weeks in the presence or absence of yeast lees, was evaluated in a bio-assay. In this way, yeast strains could be designated as being either inhibitory, neutral or stimulatory to the growth of O. oeni (strain Lc5p). Inhibition by supernatants of strain EC 1118 was evident, but found to be reduced by ageing the supernatant (with or without lees). Conversely, longer ageing on yeast lees increased the magnitude of the stimulatory response in O. oeni (strain Lc5p) to the supernatant from the wine yeast (strain CY-3079).