分立式自动比色分析仪的研制

为解决野外大量样品的快速微量分析,在借鉴瑞典生产的 LKB 血液自动比色计的基础上,我们和上海医用分析仪器厂协作,研制了一台分立式自动比色分析仪。本仪器主要由取样加液的稀释器、全自动取样的转移器、以及自动比色测定的双波长自动比色计和数字打印机等四部分组成。本仪器能自动定量取样、加液、自动比色测定、自动数据显示,能分别直读样品的光密度值和浓度值,以及和打印机配套,将结果自动打印输出,并能贮存不同物质样品测定的标准曲线。本仪器配有线性调节电路,能对不符合比耳定律的溶液进行比色测定,还根据双波长系数倍率法的原理,设置了系数倍率电路,实现消去杂质干扰等多种功能。     

GDYK-221M多参数室内空气质量电子检测仪

<正>仪器原理:-比色分析法仪器特点:1.采用快速显色方法,可直接显示出被测样品中的浓度;2.可现场定量检测出空气中苯?苯系物、甲醛、氨、TVOC;3.化学试剂包显色,样品     

基于主从式双处理器的光纤比色测温仪硬件设计

介绍了一种基于DSP和MCU双处理器的内调制光纤比色测温仪的设计原理和实际应用。仪器能够对环境温度变化大、周围环境恶劣的高温物体进行高精度的温度测量，具有响应快、测量数据准确、可靠性高的特点，可通过微型打印机记录温度，并可与上位机通信。     

车载SRG风力发电的镍氢电池充电优化控制

针对纯电动汽车续驶里程短的缺点,提出了一种新型基于开关磁阻发电机(Switched Reluctance Generator,SRG)风力发电的双电压式电动汽车供能系统,在车辆行驶或静止时利用SRG风力发电对车载镍氢电池充电,也可给车内其他负载供能,利于增大电池可利用区域。给出并分析基于SRG的镍氢电池充电系统结构,建立SRG发电数学模型,采用电流跟踪Buck电路控制充电电流,省去了常规充电中的变流环节;分析研究镍氢电池的充电特性,采用恒流和模糊控制混合调节充电电流大小,以使电池端电压平稳上升,优化充电过程。建立基于SRG的镍氢电池充电系统仿真模型,仿真结果表明整个系统简单可行,镍氢电池端电压变化率小,验证了充电优化控制策略的有效性,可提高镍氢电池充电效率和使用寿命,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

太阳辐射监测仪实验自动监控软件设计

太阳辐射监测仪(SIM)是某卫星上的监测太阳总辐照度变化的高精度仪器,其测量精度是交付前重点考核的技术指标;测量精度标定实验中的测量数据需要手动控制1553B总线进行下传,手动分解提取1553B包内的数据,判断仪器的工作状态,人工处理的工作量大且易引入人为误差;另外,仪器对测量环境要求高,人为参与会影响环境的稳定,因此需要实现整个实验过程的自动监控和数据自动处理。通过分析1553B仿真卡的特点,利用VC++编写了线程监控程序,操作界面一键控制,实现了实验数据的1553B自动下传,自动接收和保存;实验表明,监控软件操作简单、运行可靠,太阳辐射监测仪重复性测量精度满足小于5‰的设计要求。     

透视动力之源——四说笔记本电池

作为笔记本的动力之源,电池是实现移动办公最重要的支持部件。一块品质优良的电池,不仅要保证整机工作所必须的时间,还应具备稳定的电压和正常的供电。电池的性能虽然不是我们选购笔记本电脑时最受重视的问题,但它却在整机工作中起着不容忽视的作用。电池多类型分争市场目前的移动电池市场主要划分为三个品种:镍氢电池(Ni-MH)、液体锂离子电池(LIB)和聚合物锂离子电池(LiP)。其中,镍氢电池是利用贮氢合金材料作电极,取代镍镉电池中的镉电极而构成的一种高性能、无污染的可充电电池。镍氢电池的能量密度比镍镉电池高     

基于FPGA可重构多功能仪器方案设计

针对传统ATS测试中由开关速度慢导致的易造成短路从而损坏测试仪器或被测单元(UUT)等缺点,提出用可重构的多功能测试仪器来代替专用仪器,达到降低测试成本、提高测试效率的目的;文中设计了基于FPGA的信号发生器、数字万用表和频率计等多种功能仪器,并可以重新配置,并重点介绍数字万用表的设计;利用SOPC Builder软件在FPGA中嵌入了NiosⅡ处理器系统实现多仪器功能的集成,利用USB总线完成上位机与下位机的通讯,使人机交互友好;基于可重构理论设计的这种多功能仪器集成度高,有效地解决了仪器功能单一呆板的问题,最终使系统从专用走向通用。     

基于AT89S52的自动连续温度记录仪的研究与设计

自动连续温度记录仪是测量和记录一段时间内温度变化的仪器;利用AT89S52作为主控CPU,铁电存储器、温度传感器、时钟模块、液晶显示器等作为外围器件,通过合理的系统软件构成能自动、连续测量和记录温度的仪器;详细介绍该仪器的总体框架、主要模块的电路和软件系统的设计。     

低功耗海上仪器回收通信信标的研制

可靠的回收系统是海洋仪器进行有效观测和获取数据的关键一环,其中仪器在海面上与科考船之间的通信信标是回收系统中的重要组成部分.该文设计的低功耗海上仪器回收通信信标是一套可用于海洋仪器回收的轻量化信标机——集成了全球定位系统(GPS)定位模块和Lora低功耗远距离通信模块,浮出海面后可自动切换为待机模式.该系统在低功耗待机...     

DD牌充电器的改造

笔者不久前花费了近10元钱在江西邮购了一台广州生产的DD牌RD-318A型充电器。充电器可分别对4节5号或7号镍镉、镍氢电池充电,还可以对两节1号或2号电池充电;电池充满电后能自动指示,自动停止;可以鉴别真假镍氢镍镉电池;其输出功率可达3瓦。     

A common type of commercially available LED light source allows for colour discrimination performance at a level comparable to halogen lighting

Abstract

As light sources based on light emitting diodes (LED) are increasingly used to replace classic tungsten-based light sources in household lighting applications, possible impairments of colour perception under those light sources due to a different spectral power distribution become a major concern. The Colour Rendering Index (CRI) which is the only measure available to the end user is controversial and does not represent a comprehensive measure of colour perception. Aspects of colour perception disregarded by the CRI such as colour discrimination have to be taken into account as well. Therefore, we evaluated colour discrimination performance under a commercially available phosphor-converted LED light source from a popular brand (OSRAM) in comparison to a classic tungsten-based halogen light source. Colour discrimination performance was not affected by the type of light source, indicating that the phosphor-converted LED light source enables colour discrimination performance comparable to that of halogen lighting despite being associated with a lower CRI.

Practitioner summary: Considering the increasing use of energy efficient light sources, we compared colour discrimination under a common type of phosphor-converted LED and under traditional halogen lighting. Colour discrimination performance was comparable in both lighting conditions, indicating that the phosphor-converted LED can replace halogen lighting without sacrificing colour discrimination for energy efficiency.

Abbreviations: LED: light emitting diode; CRI: colour rendering index; CCT: correlated colour temperature; CIE: commission internationale de l’éclairage; FMHT: Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test; lm: lumen; lx: lux, lumen/m^2; W: watt; nm: nanometer; K: kelvin     

A single chip multi-channel surface plasmon resonance imaging system

A single chip, multi-channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging system has been developed. The equipment has no moving parts and uses a single sensor chip on which multiple channels can be incorporated. A light emitting diode is used as a photon source while a CCD camera forms the detector. The optical configuration has been designed to achieve a uniform illumination of the sample over a fixed area with a range of incident angles. A calibration test using sucrose solutions shows that the sensitivity of the equipment is 4.3×10⁻⁴ refractive index units per pixel line-pair. The use of the system for simultaneous interrogation of different polyelectrolyte thin films, formed by the electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition method, is demonstrated. A reversible pH-dependent response for these organic layers is also reported.     

Study on radiometric intercalibration methods for DMSP-OLS night-time light imagery

The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) night-time light image sets has been successfully used in various fields to monitor temporal and spatial distributions, such as urbanization and socioeconomic activities. However, the radiometric calibration of night-time light images has long been a problem that limits the application of night-time light image sets in multi-temporal analyses. The key to an intercalibration model is to automatically extract the reference pixels with stable lights and to simultaneously remove unstable (or variant) light pixels viewed as outliers (or gross error). This paper systemically compares five weighted least squares regression (WLSR) algorithms for radiometric intercalibration to determine the method with the highest accuracy, including (1) classic methods: empirical rule (ER), Danish method (DM), and posterior variance estimation (PVE); and (2) state-of-the-art methods: random sample consensus (RANSAC) and least median of squares (LMedS). Moreover, a more objective adjusted root mean square error (RMSE) method is proposed to evaluate accuracy. Through the experiments, we systemically analyse the performance of different estimators and propose recommendations for optimizing intercalibration for specific applications. Moreover, the study reveals that gross error approximatively obeys the stochastic or expansion model in the radiometric intercalibration of DMSP-OLS image sets. Overall, LMedS works best and is proposed to intercalibrate the radiometric values of night-time light image sets.     

A numerical and experimental study on gap compensation and wavelength selection in UV-lithography of ultra-high aspect ratio SU-8 microstructures

This paper presents a study on UV-lithography of thick SU-8 resist using air gap compensation and optimal wavelength selection for ultra-high aspect ratio microstructures. Both numerical simulations and experiments were conducted to study effects of different lithography conditions: broadband light source with and without air gap compensation, filtered light source with glycerol liquid, and filtered light source with Cargille refractive index matching liquid. A thick PMMA sheet was used as an optical filter to eliminate most of the i-line components of a broadband light source. Using the filtered light source and gap compensation with the Cargille refractive index liquid perfectly matching that of SU-8, patterns with feature sizes of 6 μm thick, 1150 μm tall (aspect ratio of more than 190:1) and high quality sidewalls were obtained. Microstructures with height up to 2 mm and good sidewall quality were also obtained and presented. The study also proved that Cargille refractive index matching liquid is compatible with UV-lithography of SU-8 and may be used as an effective air gap compensation solution.     

太阳能路灯控制器的智能化设计

介绍的智能型控制器用于太阳能路灯系统,其主要功能是白天将太阳能电池发的电存储到蓄电池中,晚上将蓄电池中的电提供给光源进行照明。该控制器在太阳能电池、蓄电池及光源间加入一个有 A/D 转换寄存器和 PWM 输出的8位单片机,通过一定的算法控制,实现了对光源实施时控、光控、分辨季节时差的控制,以及在对蓄电池充电过程中通过PWM调制实现最大功率跟踪技术。在控制器设计中,给出了蓄电池的过充及过放、蓄电池及太阳能电池的防反接、负载的防短路、太阳能路灯系统防雷电、抗干扰等保护措施。     

基于变权重迁移学习的BN参数学习算法

针对小数据集条件下的贝叶斯网络(Bayesian network,BN)参数估计困难问题,提出了一种基于变权重迁移学习(DWTL)的BN参数学习算法。首先,利用MAP和MLE方法学习得到目标域初始参数和各源域参数;然后根据不同源域数据样本贡献的不同计算源权重因子;接着基于目标域样本统计量与小数据集样本阈值的关系设计了目标域初始参数和源域参数的平衡系数;最后,基于上述参数、源权重因子和平衡系数计算得到新的目标参数。在实验研究中,通过对经典BN模型的参数学习问题验证了DWTL算法的有效性;针对小数据集下的轴承故障诊断问题,相较于传统迁移学习(LP)算法,DWTL算法学习精度提高了10%。实验结果表明:所提出的算法能够较好地解决样本数据集在相对稀缺条件下的目标参数建模问题。     

Development of a liquid crystal with fine‐pitch light‐source display (LFD) using an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED)

Abstract— A novel display system, refered to as an LFD (liquid crystal with fine‐pitch light‐source display) is proposed. In an LFD, an auxiliary light source patterned with a fine pitch is attached to a reflective liquid‐crystal display (LCD), and a light shield is formed on the observer's side of the light source. A vertical‐alignment LCD (VA‐LCD) is attached as the reflective LCD, and an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) is attached as the fine‐pitch light source. An LFD can produce bright, high‐contrast images under any ambient light. A test sample was built and its display characteristics confirmed.     

基于一维卷积神经网络与长短期记忆网络结合的电池荷电状态预测方法

针对电池荷电状态（SOC）预测的精确度与稳定性问题以及深层神经网络的梯度消失问题,提出一种基于一维卷积神经网络（1D CNN）与长短期记忆（LSTM）循环神经网络（RNN）结合的电池SOC预测方法——1D CNN-LSTM模型。1D CNN-LSTM模型将电池的电流、电压和电阻映射到目标值SOC。首先,通过一层一维卷积层从样本数据中提取出高级数据特征,并充分地利用输入数据的特征信息;其次,使用一层LSTM层保存历史输入信息,从而有效地预防重要信息的丢失;最后,通过一层全连接层输出电池SOC预测结果。使用电池的多次循环充放电实验数据训练提出的模型,分析对比不同超参数设置下1D CNN-LSTM模型的预测效果,并通过训练模型来调节模型的权重系数和偏置参数,从而确定最优的模型设置。实验结果表明,1D CNN-LSTM模型具有准确且稳定的电池SOC预测效果。该模型的平均绝对误差（MAE）、均方误差（MSE）和最大预测误差分别为0.402 7%、0.002 9%和0.99%。     

海洋测量浮标太阳能LED锚灯系统的设计

一直以来浮标上用的锚灯都以白炽灯为光源,但是白炽灯功耗大、寿命短。为进一步提高航标灯的质量,减轻工人维护劳动强度和工作量,设计了一种低功耗且性价比高的可用于海洋测量浮标的太阳能LED锚灯。该锚灯通过中央控制器实现太阳能电池电源控制、蓄电池充电控制、感光电路控制以及LED锚灯控制等主要功能,并利用太阳能电池板进行充电,电路简洁、实用。LED锚灯灯管质量好、发光射程远、闪烁效果良好、性能稳定,可以更好地为浮标提供可靠的安全保证。     

《煤矿安全规程》电气部分修订意见

提出严禁矿用一般型照明灯具、通信、自动化装置和仪器仪表等小功率非防爆设备用于煤矿井下;照明灯具应采用LED等冷光源,优选本质安全型或本质安全型与浇封型或隔爆型等其他防爆型式的复合型;用于煤矿井下的监控、通信、监视、控制设备和仪器仪表应优选本质安全型,设备之间传输的信号必须是本质安全型信号;大功率电气设备应优选隔爆型电气设备,隔爆型电气设备应将接线腔与主腔分腔布置。提出矿用通信与信号电缆和光缆可以盘圈。提出与隔爆型电气设备连接的矿用电缆必须耐爆;严禁矿用通信与信号电缆和光缆直接与单一隔爆型电气设备连接;与隔爆兼本质安全型电气设备连接的矿用通信与信号电缆和光缆必须耐爆。提出煤矿井下严禁使用铝芯电缆。提出用于局部通风机的欠压保护和失压保护应有延时措施;除掘进、开拓和临时施工场所外,尽量减少局部通风机的使用;严禁在形成全风压通风的回采工作面使用局部通风机稀释上隅角瓦斯等。提出矿灯应采用LED等冷光源,应采用本质安全型或本质安全型与浇封型等其他防爆类型的复合型;光源及灯绳(电池与头灯分离时)中传输的电能必须是本质安全型;严禁白炽灯等特殊型矿灯用于煤矿井下。