大型物体三维扫描系统的算法和实现

本文介绍了一种扫描大型物体三维尺寸和轮廓的方法,并且获得物体的三维模型.系统由激光器和彩色CCD组成.彩色CCD摄像机扫描物体两次,第一次扫描纹理,然后扫描三维信息.论文提供了完成尺寸测量和自动扫描三维物体的实际方法.     

基于同视场参考点的落点坐标测量系统的设计与应用

提出了一种用于测量空间三维点坐标的单摄像机模型。该模型利用透视投影几何关系,对摄像机参数进行标定,制定固定关联基准,建立参考点与被测点的平面方程,利用这两个条件,建立相应的数学模型,通过读取单目CCD摄像机像面坐标,就可重建物体落点的三维坐标。     

一种改进的基于条纹对比度的三维测量方法

基于条纹对比度的三维测量方法由于具有垂直测量的特点,可用于测量表面有突变的复杂物体的三维信息.本文在现有方法的基础上,提出了一种改进的基于条纹对比度的三维测量方法.该方法利用投影仪将一组相移的正弦条纹依次投射在被测物体上,并使被测物体位于投影仪成像面的前方,CCD相机通过一个半透半反镜从投影方向获取物体表面的条纹图像,...     

基于相位法的三维面型测量及曲面重建技术

文中采用相位法对三维面型测量和曲面重建技术进行了探讨,实现了三维信息获取和曲面重建的方法。该方法是用非相干光源投射的虚拟光栅和 CCD 摄像机构成的视觉系统对物体进行一次扫描获取物体表面的三维测量数据,这些数据经过处理后转换成*.ibl 文件,借助于 Pro/Engineer 软件重建三维物体表面。该方法快速、简便,适合于实时测量、加工,同时可实现测量、处理、加工的一体化,从而为反求工程的发展提供了一个很好的新方法。最后给出了实验,实验结果证明了方法的可行性和有效性。     

计算机单目视觉测量系统

为了精确实现对空间物体的测量,提出了利用线激光、单CCD相机、小孔成像与激光面约束模型的激光线测量法。引进三维信息已知的标准阶梯块,作为激光面约束的标定块。由计算机控制摄像头对实物连续拍摄和实时处理,提取激光线上的像素坐标,利用建立的模型将二维坐标转换成三维坐标,再以点云的形式重构出物体,实现三维自动测量。实践中检测系统测量精度可达到0.05mm。     

远距离运动物体三维轮廓测量的研究

提出了摄像机光轴平行和光轴垂直两种简化的双目立体视觉系统,用来实现远距离运动物体的三维轮廓测量。具体阐述了这两种简化系统的测量原理和数学模型,还着重对以上两种系统下远距离物体测量中摄像机参数,如焦距、视场角、分辨率、两摄像机间距离与落弹范围的距离等的选择进行了探讨。就不同的系统对摄像机的选择进行了实验运算,结果表明,用该摄像机对1000m处的直径为70mm的小目标进行测量,可获得90个像素的轮廓,便于进行三维轮廓的提取。仿真实验表明,简化的双目立体系统可以快速、方便、简单地得到远距离物体的三维轮廓。     

光笔式单摄像机三维坐标视觉测量系统

提出了一种光笔式单摄像机三维坐标视觉测量系统,系统主要由一支光笔、一架摄像机、一台笔记本电脑组成.光笔是一种手持式触发测头,在笔休上装有三个与球形笔尖测头中心成一条直线的点光源(发光二极管).测量时使笔尖测头接触被测物体表面,摄像机摄取笔体上三个发光二极管的像,由三个发光二极管的像面坐标就可计算出被测点的三维坐标.运用三点透视原理(P3P)建立了系统的数学模型并推导出了被测点坐标的求解公式.在三坐标测量机上做对比实验,实验测试结果表明,该系统达到了大尺寸现场测量要求的精度.     

双摄像机光笔式三维坐标测量系统研究

基于双目立体视觉传感器三维测量模型和空间坐标变换原理,采用最小二乘冗余算法,讨论了双摄像机测量空间三维点坐标的基本原理,建立了视觉测量系统的非线性测量方程.通过实验验证了双摄像机光笔式三维坐标视觉测量系统建立的可行性.     

基于双相机的计算机视觉坐标测量系统

为了解决单相机坐标测量模型中轴向定位重复性差的问题,研究正交双相机视觉坐标测量系统;系统由一支特制光靶标、两台正交放置的CCD 摄像机和一台电脑组成.在单相机测量模型的基础上引入冗余算法,使得两个正交单相机系统相互补偿对方轴向测量误差,从而实现高精度的空间三维坐标测量;实验采用最简的共线三点测头模式搭建测试装置,在测量距离1 500 mm 处各个方向分辨率优于0.2 mm ,与坐标测量机移动对比测量精度达到±0.15 mm .     

关节式坐标测量机激光测量头参数标定

在三维视觉测量中,标定方法对测量结果的影响是决定性的.本文通过分析、比较各种视觉模型及标定方法,采用考虑镜头畸变因素的三维视觉模型以满足高精度测量系统的需求.由于关节式坐标测量机的激光测量头,使用单摄像机和线结构光来匹配被测物体表面的三维数据,本文设计了一种新型的阶梯形标定块,通过标定块图像和激光条纹图像完成了摄像机的内外参数标定和激光平面参数标定.实验证明,该标定操作过程简单,易于实现自动化,且具有较高的标定精度.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from