高铬铸铁叶片的热处理工艺

对挖泥船泥浆泵叶片用高铬铸铁的热处理工艺进行研究。结果表明,在奥氏体化温度分别为800、900、1000和1100℃下保温3 h 后空冷,高铬铸铁硬度随奥氏体化温度的升高先上升后下降,在1000℃淬火时的硬度最高;在1000℃分别保温1、2、3和4 h后空冷,发现保温2 h铸铁的硬度达到峰值;对1000℃×2 h空冷的铸铁试样分别在250℃和450℃回火2 h,发现回火硬度均有小幅提高,但250℃回火的试样冲击性能显著提升,冲击吸收能量达到4．13 J。该叶片材料的最佳热处理工艺为1000℃×2 h空冷淬火＋250℃×2 h回火,用该工艺热外理叶片可获得弥散分布的M7 C3型碳化物＋二次碳化物＋回火马氏体基体及少量残留奥氏体组织,抗泥沙磨损能力提高了34．41％。     

常规奥氏体化后后续热处理对35CrNi3MoV钢组织与性能的影响北大核心CSCD

通过硬度测试、室温拉伸实验、低温冲击实验研究了常规奥氏体化后后续热处理对35Cr Ni3Mo V钢的组织与性能的影响。结果表明:相比常规奥氏体化淬火,经常规奥氏体化淬火+回火热处理工艺处理(860℃×6 h+810℃×2 h,油冷淬火+600℃×16 h,油冷回火)后,锻件的低温冲击韧性提高了约33%,硬度为326 HB,室温拉伸强度略微下降,伸长率提高了约3.65%;在常规奥氏体化淬火+回火热处理工艺下(860℃×6 h+780℃×2 h,油冷淬火+600℃×16 h,油冷回火),锻件的低温冲击韧性与常规奥氏体化淬火相比提升了约4.1%,室温拉伸强度和伸长率分别提升了约8.4%和9.62%,硬度为356 HB。在810℃低温奥氏体化淬火下,降低了锻件的强度并大幅度提高了室温冲击韧性,晶粒组织均匀且细小。在780℃亚温淬火下,大幅度提高锻件强度的同时也小幅度提高了室温冲击韧性。     

常规奥氏体化后后续热处理对35CrNi3MoV钢组织与性能的影响

通过硬度测试、室温拉伸实验、低温冲击实验研究了常规奥氏体化后后续热处理对35Cr Ni3Mo V钢的组织与性能的影响。结果表明:相比常规奥氏体化淬火,经常规奥氏体化淬火+回火热处理工艺处理(860℃×6 h+810℃×2 h,油冷淬火+600℃×16 h,油冷回火)后,锻件的低温冲击韧性提高了约33%,硬度为326 HB,室温拉伸强度略微下降,伸长率提高了约3.65%;在常规奥氏体化淬火+回火热处理工艺下(860℃×6 h+780℃×2 h,油冷淬火+600℃×16 h,油冷回火),锻件的低温冲击韧性与常规奥氏体化淬火相比提升了约4.1%,室温拉伸强度和伸长率分别提升了约8.4%和9.62%,硬度为356 HB。在810℃低温奥氏体化淬火下,降低了锻件的强度并大幅度提高了室温冲击韧性,晶粒组织均匀且细小。在780℃亚温淬火下,大幅度提高锻件强度的同时也小幅度提高了室温冲击韧性。     

Z12CN不锈钢热处理工艺研究

Z12CN钢为铸造马氏体不锈钢,常用于制作水泵零件。为确定Z12CN钢的最佳热处理工艺,制作了?30 mm×300 mm的Z12CN钢试块,并对其进行了1 020℃保温1.5 h空冷正火和660℃、720℃和760℃回火3 h空冷及760℃回火5 h和7 h空冷。经上述工艺热处理后检测了试块的硬度、强度和冲击韧度以及经最佳工艺热处理后的显微组织。结果表明：随着回火温度的提高,正火后的Z12CN钢强度和硬度降低,冲击韧度提高;回火温度相同,随着回火时间的延长,钢的强度和硬度降低,冲击韧度提高;Z12CN钢的最佳热处理工艺为1 020℃保温1.5 h空冷正火+760℃回火3～5 h空冷,经此工艺热处理的30 mm厚Z12CN试块力学性能满足设计要求,显微组织为正常的回火索氏体。     

退火和调质处理的40Cr钢的性能研究

对尺寸为?15 mm×20 mm的40Cr钢试样分别进行了840℃保温40 min炉冷退火、840℃保温50 min水淬和油淬以及淬火后540℃回火40 min空冷。检测了交货态棒材和热处理后试样的显微组织和硬度。采用JMatPro软件对40Cr钢的奥氏体化、马氏体转变和CCT曲线及淬火和回火过程进行了模拟。结果表明：交货态40Cr钢棒材的表面硬度为61 HRA;840℃退火后试样的硬度为49 HRA,组织为铁素体和珠光体;840℃水淬后试样的硬度为73 HRA,油淬后为71 HRA,组织均为板条马氏体;水淬和油淬随后540℃回火后试样的硬度均为66 HRA,组织主要为回火索氏体。     

冷却工艺对贝氏体钢拉杆组织和性能的影响

研究了热处理冷却工艺对贝氏体钢拉杆组织及力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,ø70 mm贝氏体钢拉杆材料经920 ℃空冷+300 ℃回火、920 ℃水冷30 s后出水空冷+300 ℃回火后,杆体的组织为贝氏体铁素体和残留奥氏体;经920 ℃水冷+200 ℃回火后,杆体的组织为回火板条马氏体和残留奥氏体。920 ℃水冷+200 ℃回火时棒料1/2半径处的R_m为1513 MPa、KV₂为73.2 J、硬度为46.5 HRC;920 ℃水冷30 s后空冷+300 ℃回火时棒料1/2半径处的R_m为1254 MPa、KV₂为76.0 J、硬度为42.0 HRC;920 ℃空冷+300 ℃回火时棒料1/2半径处的R_m为1226 MPa、KV₂为75.5 J、硬度为41.9 HRC。ø70 mm贝氏体钢拉杆热处理先水冷后空冷可以提高其冲击性能。     

热处理工艺对低合金高性能铸钢组织和性能的影响北大核心CSCD

通过组织分析和力学性能测试,研究了奥氏体化温度、保温时间、回火温度对一种低合金高性能铸钢组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明,奥氏体化温度对实验铸钢伸长率的影响显著,回火温度对其强度、硬度、冲击韧性的影响起主要作用。该铸钢的最佳热处理工艺为:930℃下奥氏体化保温2 h后油冷,600℃下回火保温2 h后空冷,该工艺可以使此铸钢具有更好的综合力学性能。     

热处理工艺对低合金高性能铸钢组织和性能的影响

通过组织分析和力学性能测试,研究了奥氏体化温度、保温时间、回火温度对一种低合金高性能铸钢组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明,奥氏体化温度对实验铸钢伸长率的影响显著,回火温度对其强度、硬度、冲击韧性的影响起主要作用。该铸钢的最佳热处理工艺为:930℃下奥氏体化保温2 h后油冷,600℃下回火保温2 h后空冷,该工艺可以使此铸钢具有更好的综合力学性能。     

高碳高硅纳米贝氏体钢回火后的组织与力学性能

高碳高硅钢经300和340℃等温淬火后获得了纳米贝氏体组织,采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、显微硬度仪和拉伸及冲击试验等研究了其经200～600℃回火处理后的显微组织和力学性能.结果 表明,在相同回火条件下,与340℃等温淬火试样相比,300℃等温淬火试样的强度、硬度和冲击韧性较高,塑性较低.纳米贝氏体组织在300℃以下具有良好的回火稳定性,450℃回火时薄膜状残留奥氏体开始分解,贝氏体铁素体板条开始合并粗化.低于450℃回火,试验钢的抗拉强度和屈服强度略有增高,伸长率和硬度变化不大.500℃回火,强度开始明显降低,塑性和冲击韧性最低,硬度升到最高而出现二次硬化.300℃回火后试验钢的冲击韧性最高,两种等温淬火试样均在300℃回火时得到最佳的综合力学性能.     

热处理工艺对新型贝氏体钎具钢组织和力学性能的影响

采用金相组织观察和力学性能测定,研究了热处理对新型贝氏体钎具钢组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,奥氏体化经不同冷却介质冷却后,新型贝氏体钎具钢具有较高的强韧性配合及淬透性,经900 ℃奥氏体化空冷300 ℃回火后材料具有最佳的强韧性配合;500 ℃回火出现回火脆性,其原因与组织中的贝氏体铁素体及残留奥氏体分解形成的碳化物有关.提出了适合新型贝氏体钢钎具的最佳热处理工艺及应用结果.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。